天然生物质材料的制备、性质与应用（Ⅹ）——高黏稳定的水溶性微生物多糖：黄原胶

doi:10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2024.10.004

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

黄原胶是由黄单胞菌属产生的胞外多糖，是由一系列五糖重复单元链接形成的高分子杂多糖聚合物。黄原胶及其衍生物以其优异的稳定性、增稠性、乳化性、悬浮性、流变性、耐酸碱性、耐温性，耐盐性等性能，广泛应用于日用化学品、食品、医药、水处理、石油开采等多个行业领域。本文介绍了黄原胶的结构、性质、生产方法和改性技术，以及黄原胶寡糖的性质、制备和分离纯化方法，并概述了黄原胶及其改性产物的应用情况，提及了当前黄原胶生产中的问题及今后的发展前景。

关键词: 黄原胶, 黄原胶糖, 黄原胶寡糖, 提取, 性质, 应用

Abstract:

Xanthan gum is a kind of extracellular polysaccharides produced by xanthomonas. It is a heteropolysaccharide polymer with high molecular weight formed by a series of five-sugar residues repeating units. Xanthan gum and its derivatives are widely used in various industries such as daily-use chemical industry, food processing industry, pharmaceutical industry, water treatment, and oil exploitation, due to their excellent stability, thickening ability, emulsifying ability, suspensibility, rheological property, acid resistance, base resistance, heat resistance, salt resistance, and other fit properties. In this paper, the chemical structure, the main physicochemical properties, the production methods, and the modification technologies of xanthan gum, as well as the properties, the preparation, separation and purification methods of xanthan gum oligosaccharides are briefly presented. Furthermore, the application status of xanthan gum and its modified products, the current problems in xanthan gum production, and the future prospects for the development of xanthan gum are also mentioned in this paper.

Key words: xanthan gum, xanthan gum sugar, xanthan gum oligosaccharides, extraction, property, application

中图分类号:

TQ658

吕妮雅, 张燕爽, 韩桂梅, 范金石. 天然生物质材料的制备、性质与应用（Ⅹ）——高黏稳定的水溶性微生物多糖：黄原胶[J]. 日用化学工业（中英文）, 2024, 54(10): 1172-1180.

Niya Lv, Yanshuang Zhang, Guimei Han, Jinshi Fan. Preparation, properties and applications of natural biomass materials （Ⅹ） The stable, highly viscous, water-soluble microbial polysaccharides: xanthan gum[J]. China Surfactant Detergent & Cosmetics, 2024, 54(10): 1172-1180.

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方法	应用范围	优点	缺点
膜分离法	不同分子量寡糖	回收率高，操作简单	易堵塞，不适合分离分子量相近的寡糖
凝胶色谱法	不同分子量寡糖	条件温和，操作简单	色谱填料易被污染，不适宜工业化生产
高效离子交换色谱法	中性和酸性寡糖	灵敏度较高，专一性强	分离条件不稳定，定性能力较差
亲水性色谱法	极性化合物和亲水性化合物	重复性好，样品易浓缩	分离效果受分辨率和载样量的限制
石墨化碳色谱法	强极性、结构相似的物质	可区分结构相似、异构体化合物，pH范围广	对低极性物质保留能力差

原料	w/%	原料	w/%
三甲醛酸丙酸基	0.2	乳酸钠	0.5
缩聚山梨醇	1.0	丙二酸	5.0
香料	适量	红藻多糖	0.8
乙醇	10.0	黄原胶	0.2
甘油	5.0	水	至100

原料	w/%
硬脂酸	1.0
十八醇十六醇混合物	0.8
缩聚山梨醇	1.5
液体石蜡	20.0
二氧化钛	9.0
色素	2.0
卵磷脂	0.3
丙二醇	10.0
红藻多糖	0.6
黄原胶	0.3
香料	适量
三乙醇胺	1.0
水	至100

成分/组别	w/%
成分/组别	配方1	配方2	配方3	配方4
黄原胶	1.0	0.2	0.4	0.5
聚羧乙烯制剂	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
三乙醇酸	0.2	1.0	0.15	0.5
芦荟	—	—	0.5	0.5
柠檬酸	—	—	0.15	0.15
柠檬酸三钠	0.2	0.2	—	—
氧化钠	0.5	0.5	—	—
硬脂酰基醚	—	—	1.2	1.2
单硬脂酸	1.2	1.2	—	—
单硬脂酸甘油	—	—	0.5	0.5
单硬脂酸山梨聚糖	1.0	1.0	—	—
丁醇	—	—	0.5	0.5
十八醇十六醇混合物	1.0	1.0	0.6	0.6
液体石蜡	6.0	6.0	—	—
软脂酸异丙酯	3.0	3.0	6.0	6.0
二甲基硅	—	—	3.0	3.0
双丙基乙二醇	5.0	5.0	5.0	5.0
羟基安息香酸	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
香料	适量	适量	适量	适量
去离子水	至100	至100	至100	至100