天然生物质材料的制备、性质与应用（Ⅲ）——医护两用的糖胺聚糖：透明质酸

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-1803.2022.03.002

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

透明质酸是一种广泛存在于生物体内的糖胺聚糖,具有保湿、抗菌消炎、抗氧化、抗衰老、润滑关节、调节渗透压等多种生理功能。天然无毒、生物相容性优异、可生物降解的透明质酸具有独特的螺旋柱分子构型,且分子结构中含有可进行分子修饰并赋予其更多更强功能性质的羟基、酰胺基、糖苷键等活性位点,作为一类重要生物活性物质,透明质酸及其衍生物、复合物、掺混物在医疗、化妆品、食品等领域已得到广泛应用。本文阐述了透明质酸的名称、结构和来源,以及理化性质、生理功能、制备方法和近期的应用进展情况,并指出了透明质酸的发展前景和研究方向。

关键词: 透明质酸, 糖胺聚糖, 天然生物质材料, 制备, 性质, 应用, 化妆品

Abstract:

Hyaluronic acid is a kind of high molecular weight glycosaminoglycan which naturally exists in a variety of living bodies. Hyaluronic acid possesses vital physiological functions, such as moisturizing, antibiosis and antiphlogosis, anti-oxidation, anti-aging, lubricating arthrosis, and regulating osmotic pressure. As a type of natural non-toxic, excellent biocompatible and degradable bioactive substance, hyaluronic acid has a unique spiral column molecular configuration, and it has many active sites （hydroxyl group, amide group and glycosidic bond） in its molecular chain, which could be modified to offer more and better functions. Up to now, hyaluronic acid and its derivatives, composites and blends have been widely used in medical treatment, cosmetics, food and other fields. In this review, the name, structure and source of hyaluronic acid, as well as its physicochemical properties, physiological functions, preparation methods and recent application progress were introduced. The development prospect and research trend of hyaluronic acid were also pointed out.

Key words: hyaluronic acid, glycosaminoglycan, natural biomass material, preparation, property, application, cosmetic

中图分类号:

TQ658

石晶,冯云,包杰,樊建茹,徐桂云,范金石. 天然生物质材料的制备、性质与应用（Ⅲ）——医护两用的糖胺聚糖：透明质酸[J]. 日用化学工业, 2022, 52(3): 237-244.

Shi Jing,Feng Yun,Bao Jie,Fan Jianru,Xu Guiyun,Fan Jinshi. Preparation, properties and applications of natural biomass materials （Ⅲ）Glycosaminoglycan for medical and skin care applications: hyaluronic acid[J]. China Surfactant Detergent & Cosmetics, 2022, 52(3): 237-244.

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组织或体液	透明质酸质量浓度/（μg/mL）
公鸡冠	7 500
人脐带	4 100
人关节滑液	1 400~3 600
牛鼻软骨	1 200
人眼玻璃体	140~340
人表皮	100
人真皮	200~500
兔脑	65
兔心	27
人胸淋巴液	0.2~50
人尿	0.1~0.3
人血清	0.01~0.1

项目	组织提取法	微生物发酵法	人工合成法
原料来源	有限	广泛	广泛
相对分子质量	<100万	>180万	不受限制
性质	不同来源差异较大	分子量高,黏性大,保湿性强	相对分子质量差异大,功能相对弱
质量与产品	质量不稳定,提取率低,取决于原料,产量较小,生产成本高	质量稳定,产量大,纯度高	质量较稳定,生产成本较低