The molecular structure of surfactants determines the morphology of their self-assembled aggregates.Traditional wormlike micelles（WLMs）exhibit poor spontaneous recovery after structural disruption. However, if a dynamic covalent bond, e. g., the imine bond, was introduced into the surfactant molecules, it could endow the micellar system with responsiveness to surrounding conditions（such as temperature and pH）, and also endow it with self-adaptive capability, thereby enabling the construction of smart WLMs. In this review, the classification and fundamental properties of surfactants were introduced. Then the research progress in surfactant-based smart WLMs constructed via dynamic imine bonds was reviewed, focusing on their fabrication approaches and response mechanisms. Finally, some suggestions for the development of such systems were proposed.

The diverse functionalities of surfactants, including emulsification, dispersion, wetting, foaming, and cleaning, are closely linked to the micellar structures formed in solution, where morphology, size, and aggregation govern macroscopic behavior and utility. This review outlines the century-long development of micellar science, tracing its progression from initial concepts to modern functional design. A key advance was the identification and characterization of wormlike micelles, first inferred from unexpected viscosity and viscoelasticity in certain surfactant systems. This discovery led to viscoelastic surfactant （VES） systems, in which surfactants combine with counterions or additives to create entangled networks with notable elasticity and shear-responsive properties. Such systems have driven industrial advances, particularly as clean fracturing fluids in petroleum engineering, and extended into emerging applications like drug delivery, smart materials, and green chemistry. In summary, the article surveys the historical pathway of micellar science, emphasizing pivotal conceptual and experimental milestones. Wormlike micelles mark a paradigm shift, linking fundamental colloid research with applied material design. Future progress is anticipated in stimulus-responsive systems and the synergy of computational modeling with experimental studies, offering sustained innovation across interdisciplinary fields.

β-sitosterol and stearic acid can form stable gels. They have broad application prospects in the field of cosmetics. In this paper, a series of gels were prepared by adjusting the polarity of the oil, the content of β-sitosterol, and stearic acid. Polarizing microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and rheometer were used to analyze the structure and stability of the gels. The results show that the gel network is formed based on crystallization and self-assembly between β-sitosterol and stearic acid molecules. The gels with better performance are introduced to the sunscreen lotion to explore the application advantages of gels in sunscreen products. The rheometer, UV/Vis spectrophotometer, and high-performance liquid chromatograph were used to analyze the stability, sun protection and transdermal properties of the emulsion. The results show that the introduction of the gel improves the stability and enhances the sun protection of the emulsion significantly. Furthermore, the existence of gel reduces the transdermal amount of sunscreen and thus improves the safety of the product. This study provides not only basic information for the effective application of β-sitosterol/stearic acid gel, but also a foundation for the development of high-performance sunscreen cosmetics.

Gas wells often encounter blockages in gas recovery channels owing to fluid accumulation during the later stages of extraction, which adversely affects subsequent recovery efforts. These undesirable conditions (e.g., high condensate content, high temperature, and high salinity)often affect foaming agent performance. In this study, surfactants were screened using an airflow method that closely resembles field treatment method. Notably, alcohol ether sulfates(AE_nS)with various polyoxyethylene(EO)units demonstrated exceptional performance in terms of liquid unloading efficiency and foam stability. At 80 ℃, the unloading efficiency of AE_nS with two EO units (AE₂S) in a high NaCl mass concentration (up to 200 g/L) and high condensate volume fraction (up to 20%) reached 84%. The dynamic surface tension and interfacial tension measured at the same temperature were used to analyze the influence of the diffusion rate and interfacial characteristics on the AE_nS foam, while the viscosity and liquid film thickness measurements reflected the mechanical strength and liquid-carrying capacity. In addition, transmission electron microscopy(TEM)revealed that AE₂S formed “dendritic” micellar aggregates at a high NaCl mass concentration, which significantly enhanced the viscosity and stability of the foam. The interactions among AE_nS, NaCl, and H₂O were analyzed using molecular dynamics, and it was confirmed from a molecular mechanics perspective that a stable structure can form among the three, contributing to the foam stability. These findings demonstrate the significant potential of the AE₂S foam for gas well deliquification.

To effectively enhance the plugging effect of gel systems in high-permeability channels and their long-term stability in formations, a nano-SiO₂-reinforced composite gel system was prepared using partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide as the main agent, phenolic resin as the crosslinker, and modified nano-SiO₂ as the stabilizer and reinforcing agent. This system exhibited shear resistance, high viscoelasticity, and high strength. The performance of the composite gel system, including its solution properties, plugging efficiency, and injection-production characteristics, was studied by using a rheometer and the experimental equipment for multi-dimensional physical simulation. Compared with conventional gel systems, the nano-SiO₂-reinforced composite gel showed improvements in gel strength by 20%-50%, elastic modulus by 50%-150%, viscous modulus by 40%-80%, and shear resistance by 15%-20%. Physical simulation experiments demonstrated that the nano-SiO₂-reinforced composite gel effectively could plug high-permeability layers and mobilize low-permeability layers, reducing the fractional flow rate in high-permeability layers from 98.3% to 2.5% and increasing the fractional flow rate in low-permeability layers from 1.7% to 97.5%, achieving a profile improvement rate of 96.8%. Under the conditions of a four-fold permeability contrast in a three-layer heterogeneous core, the oil recovery was increased by 6.9%, indicative of the effectively enhanced mobilization of medium-and low-permeability layers. The nano-SiO₂-reinforced composite gel system could provide significant guidance for improving oil recovery in reservoirs with high-permeability channels.

To meet the needs for nano-oil displacement agents in the development of high-temperature reservoirs, in this work, nano-SiO₂ was modified with silane coupling agent dodecyltriethoxysilane. The temperature-resistant modified nano-SiO₂ was optimized by using the reduction of interfacial tension as evaluation index. The modified nanomaterial was analyzed by infrared spectroscopy, and the microstructure and particle size thereof were characterized by transmission electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering, respectively. Then, a surfactant with good compatibility with modified nano-SiO₂ was selected among several surfactants of different types by dispersion to construct a synergistic system. The interfacial tension and wetting ability of the constructed synergistic system were evaluated on an interfacial tensimeter and a contact angle meter. Finally, the microscopic oil displacement experiment was carried out by means of microscopic visualized displacement model. The results showed that when the reaction time was 40 h, the reaction temperature was 60 °C, and the amount of the modifier was 16%, the oil-water interfacial tension of the modified nano-SiO₂ reached 6.081 7 mN/m, and the particle size of the modified nano-SiO₂ was 122 nm. According to dispersibility, the surfactants HN and allyloxy polyethyleneglycol （APEG） with good compatibility with modified nano-SiO₂ were selected. The test results of interfacial tension and wetting ability showed that the modified nano-SiO₂/HN composite system had better performance. The modified nano-SiO₂/HN system had good abilities to reduce the interfacial tension and change the water-phase contact angle under the conditions of reservoir temperature of 160 °C and salinity of 35 000 mg/L. The results of microscopic displacement experiments showed that the oil recovery of modified nano-SiO₂/HN system was 21.1% higher than that of water flooding. This research could provide scientific support and theoretical basis for the application of this kind of synergistic system.

To explore the material basis and mechanisms of the anti-inflammatory effects of Hibiscus mutabilis L.. The active ingredients and potential targets of Hibiscus mutabilis L. were obtained through the literature review and SwissADME platform. Genes related to the inflammation were collected using Genecards and OMIM databases, and the intersection genes were submitted on STRING and DAVID websites. Then, the protein interaction network（PPI）, gene ontology（GO）and pathway（KEGG）were analyzed. Cytoscape 3.7.2 software was used to construct the “Hibiscus mutabilis L. - active ingredient-target-inflammation” network diagram, and AutoDockTools-1.5.6 software was used for the molecular docking verification. The anti-inflammatory effect of Hibiscus mutabilis L. active ingredient was verified by the RAW264.7 inflammatory cell model. The results showed that 11 active components and 94 potential targets, 1 029 inflammatory targets and 24 intersection targets were obtained from Hibiscus mutabilis L.. The key anti-inflammatory active ingredients of Hibiscus mutabilis L. are quercetin, apigenin and luteolin. Its action pathway is mainly related to NF-κB, cancer pathway and TNF signaling pathway. Cell experiments showed that total flavonoids of Hibiscus mutabilis L. could effectively inhibit the expression of tumor necrosis factor （TNF-α）, interleukin 8 （IL-8） and epidermal growth factor receptor （EGFR） in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 inflammatory cells. It also down-regulates the phosphorylation of human nuclear factor ĸB inhibitory protein α （IĸBα） and NF-κB p65 subunit protein （p65）. Overall, the anti-inflammatory effect of Hibiscus mutabilis L. is related to many active components, many signal pathways and targets, which provides a theoretical basis for its further development and application.

Using boric acid （BA） and polyethylene glycol （PEG） as raw materials, a series of polyethylene glycol borates （PEG-BAE） were prepared by solvent-free method. The products were characterized by FT-IR. Their thermal stability was tested by TGA, and their surface activity was tested on a static surface tensiometer. Their rust-inhibiting properties were evaluated using HT300 cast iron and Q235 steel sheets. The lubricating properties of their aqueous solutions were tested on an MS-800 four-ball tester. Through single-factor experiments, the optimized synthesis conditions for PEG-BAE were determined as follows: reaction temperature of 115 ℃, molar ratio of PEG-400 to BA of 3.1∶1, and reaction time of 100 min. Under these conditions, a series of products were prepared with different PEGs, with esterification rates all exceeding 89%. FT-IR results indicated the presence of a C-O-B stretching vibration peak at 1 107 cm^-1 for PEG-BAEs with different molecular weights, confirming the formation of target products. TGA results showed that PEG-BAE exhibited good thermal stability, with weight loss only occurring at temperatures above 200 ℃. The results of surface tension measurement for PEG-BAEs with different molecular weights revealed that PEG-BAEs exhibited good surface activity, among which PEG-600-BAE demonstrated the lowest static surface tension of 33.89 mN/m. At a mass concentration of merely 1.5 g/L, PEG-600-BAE could meet the rust-preventative requirements; in acidic environment, at the mass concentration of 2 g/L, its corrosion-inhibition efficiency reached 90%. At the load of 25 kg, the wear scar diameter was 0.29 mm when the mass concentration of PEG-200-BAE was 1.5 g/L. Therefore, polyethylene glycol borates showed promising application as rust-preventative lubricants in water-based metalworking fluids.

A preparation process of tussah silk fibroin peptide liposomes with high encapsulation efficiency and suitable particle size was established by the reverse rotary evaporation method, and their anti-photodamage effect was evaluated in this study. The results show that the optimal encapsulation effect of tussah silk fibroin peptide liposomes is achieved by optimizing the single factor test to ascertain the preparation parameters of the mass ratio of cholesterol to lecithin of 1∶11, the aqueous phase volume of 3 mL, the pH of PBS solution of 8.0, the first ultrasound of 3 min, the second ultrasound of 5 min, and the emulsification temperature of 40 ℃. The tussah silk fibroin peptide liposomes are capable of ameliorating the photodamage to mouse embryonic fibroblasts by repairing collagen, enhancing anti-oxidation and exerting anti-inflammatory effects. Ultraviolet damage of zebrafish is alleviated by reducing reactive oxygen species （ROS） levels and repairing the tail fin. This study confirms the potential of tussah silk fibroin peptide liposomes in resisting skin photodamage, thereby rendering them suitable for application in skin care products.

Metal catalysis plays a crucial role in the Heck reaction, but it is prone to issues such as metal residue. In response to this issue, this article has developed a new way of encapsulating metal catalysts, which involves uniformly mixing the metal catalyst with organic silicone adhesive or uniformly mixing the metal catalyst with Fe₃O₄ and organic silicone adhesive. The resulting supported catalysts or magnetic supported catalysts are less prone to fragmentation, maintain good catalytic activity, and are easier to weigh and transfer, while also being readily filterable and recoverable. Experiments show that after 7 cycles of use, the organic silicone gel supported palladium catalyst （Pd/C@Glue） can still achieve a product yield of 85% in the Heck reaction, indicating that Pd/C@Glue has a high catalytic cycling efficiency in the Heck reaction. In addition, Pd/C@Glue is cycled 7 times in the Heck reaction, and the residual palladium content in the reaction solution is all below 26 ppm, indicating a low amount of metal leaching in the reaction solution. In order to achieve magnetic recovery of catalysts, a novel magnetic supported catalyst is obtained by simultaneously loading Fe₃O₄ and palladium catalysts onto organic silicone gel （Pd/C-Fe₃O₄@Glue） in this paper. Experiments show that the magnetic catalyst has good catalytic effect after multiple cycles of use.

Nanocellulose (CNC) was carboxylated and then introduced into polylactic acid (PLA) matrix. The effects of carboxylated nanocellulose (CNC-C) and CNC-C doping amount on the mechanical properties, phase structure, crystallinity and degradation properties of CNC-PLA composite polyester were studied. The results showed that, the hydrophilicity of CNC was improved after carboxylation, whose water contact angle was decreased from 73.5° to 46.4°. The infrared spectrum showed that CNC-C and PLA formed composite films by physical blending. The addition of CNC-C made the fracture mode of the composite films change from brittle fracture to ductile fracture. The tensile strength and fracture elongation of 3% CNC-C/PLA composite film both reached the maximum values of 40.8 MPa and 5.5%, and the cold crystallization temperature (T_c) of this composite film was of the minimum value (114.5 ℃), and its crystallinity reached the maximum value of 50.6%. The CNC-C introduced improved the degradability of the composite film. The weight loss of 3% CNC-C/PLA composite film was 1.71% after degradation at 25 ℃ for one week, and it was 53.5% after degradation at 100 ℃ for one week, indicative of excellent biodegradability and mechanical properties.

Tricholoma matsutake is a rare fungus with medicinal and edible origin, and its protein has been relatively little studied. In order to investigate the moisturizing effect of matsutake proteins, in this study, total matsutake proteins （TMPS） were obtained from matsutake mycelia using hot water extraction and （NH₄）₂SO₄ salting out, and then a protein fraction （TMPS1-2） was obtained by purification by column chromatography with DEAE-52 and Sephadex G-100. The experimental results of Tricine-SDS-PAGE and infrared spectroscopy show that TMPS1-2 is a protein with a molecular weight of about 12.4 kDa, irregularly coiled, and with amino acids dominated by glutamic acid, proline and glycine. Mouse experiments show that TMPS1-2 can alleviate the phenomena of epidermal thickening, hyperkeratosis and water loss, enhance the expression of AQP3, and effectively improve the problem of skin dryness, with the efficacy of moisturizing and repairing the skin barrier.

This study prepared Artemisia scoparia extract using ultrasound-assisted ethanol extraction, with a p-hydroxyacetophenone content over 10%. The whitening, soothing, and antibacterial effects of the extract at different doses were systematically evaluated using zebrafish models, macrophage inflammation models, and antibacterial rate assays, combined with the hen's egg chorioallantoic membrane（HET-CAM）test to assess ocular irritation at effective doses. The results demonstrate that, for whitening efficacy, 0.2%-0.4% extract significantly inhibits melanin generation in zebrafish embryos（P<0.05）, outperforming 0.1% niacinamide（P<0.05）. The 0.4% extract reduces LPS-induced TNF-α secretion by 42.33%, meeting cosmetic soothing standards. The minimum inhibitory concentrations（MIC90）of 0.2%-0.4% Artemisia scoparia extract against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli are all ≤1%, indicating a significant antibacterial activity. Additionally, the 0.4% extract shows no ocular irritation （ES=0） in the HET-CAM test. This study confirms that Artemisia scoparia extract at 0.2%-0.4% concentrations exhibits triple efficacy in whitening, soothing, and antibacterial effects, with excellent safety profiles compliant with cosmetic ingredient standards, providing a scientific basis for developing multifunctional natural cosmetics.

A systematic review was conducted on the regulatory requirements for changes of special cosmetics in China, and an overview was given of the construction of information systems. An analysis was conducted on the changes of special cosmetics since the implementation of the “Regulations on the Supervision and Administration of Cosmetics” and the launch of the “E-system for Cosmetic Submission and Intelligent Evaluation”, including the number of changes, contents of changes, geographical distribution and evaluation status. Based on practical experience, we have summarized the problems existing in the changes of special cosmetics and proposed relevant suggestions. This article provides reference for the supervision and technical evaluation of special cosmetics changes, and puts forward suggestions for promoting the high-speed and high-quality development of China's cosmetics industry.

A method for the simultaneous determination of the contents of five new preservatives （ethylhexylglycerin, 1,2-hexanediol, 1,2-pentanediol, 1,3-octanediol, and 1,2-octanediol） in oral care toothpaste by high performance liquid chromatography （HPLC） was established. Methanol-water （volume ratio 7∶3） was used as the extraction reagent for toothpaste. The samples were subjected to ultrasonic treatment at 40 ℃ for 20 min （power 300 W）, followed by centrifugation at 10 000 r/min for 10 min. The supernatant was filtered through a 0.22 μm organic filter membrane. The samples were purified using an Oasis HLB solid-phase extraction column. Analysis was performed on an Agilent 1260 Infinity HPLC system equipped with an Agilent G1315D diode array detector. An acid-resistant Agilent ZORBAX Eclipse Plus C18 chromatographic column was selected, with the column temperature set at 35 ℃. The mobile phase consisted of water （containing 0.1% formic acid） and methanol. The detection wavelength was 210 nm. The results show that the intraday relative standard deviation （RSD） of the method is all less than 4%, and the interday RSD is all less than 5%, indicating good precision of the method. Linear regression analysis reveals that the linear range of the five new preservatives is 0.1-200 μg/mL, with the correlation coefficients （r） ranging from 0.999 1 to 0.999 5, limits of detection （LOD） from 0.05 to 0.08 μg/mL, and limits of quantification （LOQ） from 0.15 to 0.25 μg/mL, demonstrating a good linear relationship and high applicability of the method. The spiked recoveries of the five new preservatives range from 95.56% to 104.94%, with all RSD values below 5% （1.63%-4.45%）. This method is applied to determine the contents of the five new preservatives in 32 types of toothpaste. Ethylhexylglycerin is detected in 4 types of toothpaste, and 1,2-hexanediol is detected in 2 types of toothpaste. In conclusion, this method exhibits good precision, applicability, and accuracy for the simultaneous determination of the five new preservatives in toothpaste.

An ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry （UPLC-MS/MS） method was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of twelve whitening ingredients in cosmetics. The sample preparation, liquid chromatography and mass spectrometric conditions were optimized. The optimized conditions were as follows: the samples were ultrasonically extracted with 50% methanol aqueous solution containing 0.025% formic acid, and filtered by polytetrafluoroethylene （PTFE） membrane. Adequate chromatographic retention was achieved on a Waters BEH C₁₈ column under gradient elution with acetonitrile and 0.01% formic acid aqueous solution. A triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer equipped with an electrospray source was set up in the both positive and negative ion mode for multiple reaction monitoring （MRM）. The results show that among the three cosmetics with different types of matrices, the linearity of the twelve whitening agents is good in the concentration ranges, with the correlation coefficient （R） greater than 0.995. The limits of detection （LOD） and limits of quantitation （LOQ） are 0.06-15.00 mg/kg and 0.20-50.00 mg/kg, respectively. Spike recovery is performed on three cosmetics at three different spike levels, and the average recoveries in different types of cosmetics are in the range of 78.6%-111.8% with the relative standard deviation of 1.0%-6.2%（n=6）. The validated method is successfully applied to the determination of 12 components in 18 batches of cosmetics. The results indicate that the quantitative method is simple and accurate. It is suitable for quantitative determination and qualitative confirmation of the 12 whitening agents in different matrices of cosmetics.