表面活性剂的分子结构决定其自组装聚集体形态。传统蠕虫胶束分子结构破坏后难以自发复原，而通过在表面活性剂分子中引入动态共价键——亚胺键，则赋予了胶束体系环境响应性（如温度、pH等）和自适应性，从而构建出智能蠕虫胶束。文章首先简述了表面活性剂的分类及其基本性质，着重论述了基于动态亚胺键的智能表面活性剂蠕虫胶束的研究进展，聚焦于蠕虫胶束的构建方式及响应机制并为体系的发展提出了一些建议。

The molecular structure of surfactants determines the morphology of their self-assembled aggregates.Traditional wormlike micelles（WLMs）exhibit poor spontaneous recovery after structural disruption. However, if a dynamic covalent bond, e. g., the imine bond, was introduced into the surfactant molecules, it could endow the micellar system with responsiveness to surrounding conditions（such as temperature and pH）, and also endow it with self-adaptive capability, thereby enabling the construction of smart WLMs. In this review, the classification and fundamental properties of surfactants were introduced. Then the research progress in surfactant-based smart WLMs constructed via dynamic imine bonds was reviewed, focusing on their fabrication approaches and response mechanisms. Finally, some suggestions for the development of such systems were proposed.

表面活性剂的宏观性能、应用功能与其微观胶束结构密切相关。本文系统梳理了胶束概念的百年演进：从19世纪中叶的萌芽、20世纪初的理论奠基，到中后期借助先进表征技术实现的结构解析与形貌拓展，进而深入探讨了蠕虫状胶束的发现历程。该类胶束具有独特的柔性链状结构与动态黏弹行为，被誉为“活聚合物”，其理论建立与性能调控推动了黏弹性表面活性剂在油田、医药、材料等领域的创新应用。文章旨在通过历史回顾与前沿分析，为功能表面活性剂的未来发展提供借鉴。

The diverse functionalities of surfactants, including emulsification, dispersion, wetting, foaming, and cleaning, are closely linked to the micellar structures formed in solution, where morphology, size, and aggregation govern macroscopic behavior and utility. This review outlines the century-long development of micellar science, tracing its progression from initial concepts to modern functional design. A key advance was the identification and characterization of wormlike micelles, first inferred from unexpected viscosity and viscoelasticity in certain surfactant systems. This discovery led to viscoelastic surfactant （VES） systems, in which surfactants combine with counterions or additives to create entangled networks with notable elasticity and shear-responsive properties. Such systems have driven industrial advances, particularly as clean fracturing fluids in petroleum engineering, and extended into emerging applications like drug delivery, smart materials, and green chemistry. In summary, the article surveys the historical pathway of micellar science, emphasizing pivotal conceptual and experimental milestones. Wormlike micelles mark a paradigm shift, linking fundamental colloid research with applied material design. Future progress is anticipated in stimulus-responsive systems and the synergy of computational modeling with experimental studies, offering sustained innovation across interdisciplinary fields.

β-谷甾醇和硬脂酸可以形成稳定的凝胶，在化妆品领域有广阔的应用前景。本文通过调节油脂极性、β-谷甾醇和硬脂酸的含量制备了一系列凝胶。使用偏光显微镜、傅里叶红外光谱、流变仪等对凝胶的结构及稳定性进行分析。结果显示，凝胶网络是基于β-谷甾醇和硬脂酸分子之间的结晶和自组装形成的，通过物理交联和氢键等非共价相互作用而稳定。在探究出性能良好的凝胶配方后，将不同浓度的凝胶引入防晒乳液中，制备出水包油凝胶型防晒乳液。使用流变仪、紫外可见分光光度计、高效液相色谱仪等对乳液的稳定性、防晒性能及透皮性能进行分析。结果显示，该凝胶的引入使乳液稳定性提高、防晒性能增强，且防晒剂的透皮量降低。本研究结果不仅为β-谷甾醇/硬脂酸凝胶的有效应用提供依据，也为高性能防晒化妆品的开发奠定了基础。

β-sitosterol and stearic acid can form stable gels. They have broad application prospects in the field of cosmetics. In this paper, a series of gels were prepared by adjusting the polarity of the oil, the content of β-sitosterol, and stearic acid. Polarizing microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and rheometer were used to analyze the structure and stability of the gels. The results show that the gel network is formed based on crystallization and self-assembly between β-sitosterol and stearic acid molecules. The gels with better performance are introduced to the sunscreen lotion to explore the application advantages of gels in sunscreen products. The rheometer, UV/Vis spectrophotometer, and high-performance liquid chromatograph were used to analyze the stability, sun protection and transdermal properties of the emulsion. The results show that the introduction of the gel improves the stability and enhances the sun protection of the emulsion significantly. Furthermore, the existence of gel reduces the transdermal amount of sunscreen and thus improves the safety of the product. This study provides not only basic information for the effective application of β-sitosterol/stearic acid gel, but also a foundation for the development of high-performance sunscreen cosmetics.

气井在开采后期经常会因液体积聚而堵塞采气通道，对后续开采工作造成不利后果。这些不良条件（例如高凝析油含量、高温和高盐度）通常会影响起泡剂的性能。本研究采用与现场处理方法相似的气流法筛选表面活性剂，其中具有不同聚氧乙烯醚（EO）的醇醚硫酸盐（AE_nS）在液体携液率和泡沫稳定性方面表现出色。在80 °C下，高质量浓度NaCl溶液（200 g/L）和高体积分数（20%）凝析油中，具有2个EO单元的AE_nS（AE₂S）携液率达到了84%。通过相同温度下测量的动态表面张力和界面张力分析了扩散速率和界面特性对AE_nS泡沫的影响，而黏度和液膜厚度则反映了泡沫的机械强度和携液能力。此外，透射电子显微镜（TEM）发现，AE₂S在高质量浓度NaCl溶液中形成了“树枝状”的胶束聚集体，显著提高了泡沫的黏度和稳定性。利用分子动力学分析了AE_nS、NaCl和H₂O之间的相互作用，从分子力学角度证实了这三者之间能够形成稳定结构，从而有助于泡沫稳定性。这些结果证明了AE₂S泡沫在气井排水采气领域具有巨大潜力。

Gas wells often encounter blockages in gas recovery channels owing to fluid accumulation during the later stages of extraction, which adversely affects subsequent recovery efforts. These undesirable conditions (e.g., high condensate content, high temperature, and high salinity)often affect foaming agent performance. In this study, surfactants were screened using an airflow method that closely resembles field treatment method. Notably, alcohol ether sulfates(AE_nS)with various polyoxyethylene(EO)units demonstrated exceptional performance in terms of liquid unloading efficiency and foam stability. At 80 ℃, the unloading efficiency of AE_nS with two EO units (AE₂S) in a high NaCl mass concentration (up to 200 g/L) and high condensate volume fraction (up to 20%) reached 84%. The dynamic surface tension and interfacial tension measured at the same temperature were used to analyze the influence of the diffusion rate and interfacial characteristics on the AE_nS foam, while the viscosity and liquid film thickness measurements reflected the mechanical strength and liquid-carrying capacity. In addition, transmission electron microscopy(TEM)revealed that AE₂S formed “dendritic” micellar aggregates at a high NaCl mass concentration, which significantly enhanced the viscosity and stability of the foam. The interactions among AE_nS, NaCl, and H₂O were analyzed using molecular dynamics, and it was confirmed from a molecular mechanics perspective that a stable structure can form among the three, contributing to the foam stability. These findings demonstrate the significant potential of the AE₂S foam for gas well deliquification.

为有效提高凝胶体系对高渗窜流通道的封堵效果及在地层中的长期稳定性，以部分水解的聚丙烯酰胺为主剂、酚醛树脂为交联剂，以改性纳米SiO₂为增强剂与稳定剂，制备了具有抗剪切、高黏弹性、高强度的纳米SiO₂增强复合凝胶体系。采用流变仪、多维度物理模拟等实验装置对复合凝胶体系的溶液性能、封堵性能以及注采特征进行了研究。较常规凝胶体系相比，所形成的纳米SiO₂增强复合凝胶其成胶强度提高了20%~50%、弹性模量提高了50%~150%、黏性模量提高了40%~80%以及抗剪切性能提高了15%~20%。通过物理模拟实验，纳米SiO₂增强复合凝胶可以有效的实现高渗层封堵，动用低渗层，高渗层的分流率从98.3%下降到2.5%，低渗层分流率从1.7%提高到97.5%，剖面改善率达到了96.8%。在4倍级差的三层非均质条件下，采收率提高了6.9%，有效的提高了中低渗层的动用程度。纳米SiO₂增强复合凝胶体系在改善高渗大孔道油藏方向有较好的指导意义。

To effectively enhance the plugging effect of gel systems in high-permeability channels and their long-term stability in formations, a nano-SiO₂-reinforced composite gel system was prepared using partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide as the main agent, phenolic resin as the crosslinker, and modified nano-SiO₂ as the stabilizer and reinforcing agent. This system exhibited shear resistance, high viscoelasticity, and high strength. The performance of the composite gel system, including its solution properties, plugging efficiency, and injection-production characteristics, was studied by using a rheometer and the experimental equipment for multi-dimensional physical simulation. Compared with conventional gel systems, the nano-SiO₂-reinforced composite gel showed improvements in gel strength by 20%-50%, elastic modulus by 50%-150%, viscous modulus by 40%-80%, and shear resistance by 15%-20%. Physical simulation experiments demonstrated that the nano-SiO₂-reinforced composite gel effectively could plug high-permeability layers and mobilize low-permeability layers, reducing the fractional flow rate in high-permeability layers from 98.3% to 2.5% and increasing the fractional flow rate in low-permeability layers from 1.7% to 97.5%, achieving a profile improvement rate of 96.8%. Under the conditions of a four-fold permeability contrast in a three-layer heterogeneous core, the oil recovery was increased by 6.9%, indicative of the effectively enhanced mobilization of medium-and low-permeability layers. The nano-SiO₂-reinforced composite gel system could provide significant guidance for improving oil recovery in reservoirs with high-permeability channels.

针对高温油藏纳米驱油剂的开发需求，采用硅烷偶联剂十二烷基三乙氧基硅烷对纳米SiO₂进行改性，以降低界面张力为评价指标，得到了较佳的耐温纳米改性SiO₂。采用红外光谱仪对改性纳米材料进行结构分析，采用透射电子显微镜和动态光散射仪分别对纳米材料的微观形貌和粒径进行表征。然后通过分散性优选出与改性纳米SiO₂配伍性好的表面活性剂构筑增效体系，借助界面张力仪和接触角仪对构筑的增效体系进行界面张力和改变润湿性评价，最后借助微观可视化驱替模型开展了微观驱油实验。结果表明，当反应时间为40 h，反应温度为60 ℃，改性剂用量为16 wt%时，改性后的纳米SiO₂分散液的油水界面张力达到6.081 7 mN/m，改性后的纳米SiO₂粒径122 nm。根据分散性优选出与改性纳米SiO₂配伍性较好的表面活性剂HN和烯丙氧基聚氧乙烯(APEG)，界面张力和润湿性的测试结果表明改性纳米SiO₂/HN复配体系性能更优。改性纳米SiO₂/HN体系在油藏温度160 ℃、矿化度35 000 mg/L条件下具有很好的降低界面张力性能和水相接触角改变能力，微观驱替实验结果表明，注入改性纳米SiO₂/HN体系后采收率较水驱提高21.1%。研究成果可为该类增效体系的推广应用提供科学依据和理论基础。

To meet the needs for nano-oil displacement agents in the development of high-temperature reservoirs, in this work, nano-SiO₂ was modified with silane coupling agent dodecyltriethoxysilane. The temperature-resistant modified nano-SiO₂ was optimized by using the reduction of interfacial tension as evaluation index. The modified nanomaterial was analyzed by infrared spectroscopy, and the microstructure and particle size thereof were characterized by transmission electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering, respectively. Then, a surfactant with good compatibility with modified nano-SiO₂ was selected among several surfactants of different types by dispersion to construct a synergistic system. The interfacial tension and wetting ability of the constructed synergistic system were evaluated on an interfacial tensimeter and a contact angle meter. Finally, the microscopic oil displacement experiment was carried out by means of microscopic visualized displacement model. The results showed that when the reaction time was 40 h, the reaction temperature was 60 °C, and the amount of the modifier was 16%, the oil-water interfacial tension of the modified nano-SiO₂ reached 6.081 7 mN/m, and the particle size of the modified nano-SiO₂ was 122 nm. According to dispersibility, the surfactants HN and allyloxy polyethyleneglycol （APEG） with good compatibility with modified nano-SiO₂ were selected. The test results of interfacial tension and wetting ability showed that the modified nano-SiO₂/HN composite system had better performance. The modified nano-SiO₂/HN system had good abilities to reduce the interfacial tension and change the water-phase contact angle under the conditions of reservoir temperature of 160 °C and salinity of 35 000 mg/L. The results of microscopic displacement experiments showed that the oil recovery of modified nano-SiO₂/HN system was 21.1% higher than that of water flooding. This research could provide scientific support and theoretical basis for the application of this kind of synergistic system.

探究木芙蓉叶抗炎作用的物质基础及作用机制。经文献查阅及SwissADME平台获取木芙蓉叶的活性成分与潜在靶点，利用Genecards和OMIM数据库收集炎症相关基因，在STRING、DAVID网站提交交集基因，进行蛋白质相互作用网络（PPI）、基因本体（GO）及通路（KEGG）的分析。运用Cytoscape 3.7.2软件构建“木芙蓉叶-活性成分-靶点-炎症”网络图，AutoDockTools-1.5.6软件进行分子对接验证。通过RAW264.7炎症细胞模型验证木芙蓉叶活性成分的抗炎效果。结果显示，经筛选获得木芙蓉叶11个活性成分及其94个潜在靶点、1 029个炎症靶点和24个交集靶点。木芙蓉叶抗炎的关键活性成分有槲皮素、芹菜素、木犀草素。其作用通路主要与NF-κB、癌症通路、TNF信号通路相关。细胞实验表明木芙蓉叶总黄酮能有效抑制LPS诱导的RAW 264.7炎症细胞中肿瘤坏死因子（TNF-α）、白介素8（IL-8）、表皮生长因子受体（EGFR）的表达量，并且可下调人核因子ĸB抑制蛋白α（IĸBα）和NF-κB p65亚单位蛋白（p65）的磷酸化水平。综上所述，木芙蓉叶的抗炎作用与多种活性成分、多个信号通路及靶点相关，为后续木芙蓉叶的深入开发和应用提供了理论基础。

To explore the material basis and mechanisms of the anti-inflammatory effects of Hibiscus mutabilis L.. The active ingredients and potential targets of Hibiscus mutabilis L. were obtained through the literature review and SwissADME platform. Genes related to the inflammation were collected using Genecards and OMIM databases, and the intersection genes were submitted on STRING and DAVID websites. Then, the protein interaction network（PPI）, gene ontology（GO）and pathway（KEGG）were analyzed. Cytoscape 3.7.2 software was used to construct the “Hibiscus mutabilis L. - active ingredient-target-inflammation” network diagram, and AutoDockTools-1.5.6 software was used for the molecular docking verification. The anti-inflammatory effect of Hibiscus mutabilis L. active ingredient was verified by the RAW264.7 inflammatory cell model. The results showed that 11 active components and 94 potential targets, 1 029 inflammatory targets and 24 intersection targets were obtained from Hibiscus mutabilis L.. The key anti-inflammatory active ingredients of Hibiscus mutabilis L. are quercetin, apigenin and luteolin. Its action pathway is mainly related to NF-κB, cancer pathway and TNF signaling pathway. Cell experiments showed that total flavonoids of Hibiscus mutabilis L. could effectively inhibit the expression of tumor necrosis factor （TNF-α）, interleukin 8 （IL-8） and epidermal growth factor receptor （EGFR） in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 inflammatory cells. It also down-regulates the phosphorylation of human nuclear factor ĸB inhibitory protein α （IĸBα） and NF-κB p65 subunit protein （p65）. Overall, the anti-inflammatory effect of Hibiscus mutabilis L. is related to many active components, many signal pathways and targets, which provides a theoretical basis for its further development and application.

以硼酸（BA）和聚乙二醇（PEG）为原料，采用无溶剂法制备了一系列聚乙二醇硼酸酯（PEG-BAE），并通过FT-IR、TGA、静态表面张力仪等对其性能进行测试，用HT300铸铁和Q235钢片测定了其防锈性能，用MS-800四球试验机测定其水溶液的润滑性能。采用单因素实验法确定了PEG-BAE的较佳合成反应条件为：反应温度115 ℃、n（PEG-400）∶n（BA）=3.1∶1、反应时间100 min。在此条件下制备了系列产品，其酯化率均高达89%以上。FT-IR结果表示，不同分子量的PEG-BAE在1 107 cm^-1处有C-O-B的伸缩振动峰，表明已经生成目标产物。TGA结果显示PEG-BAE具有良好的热稳定性，温度高于200 ℃才会失重。对不同分子量的PEG-BAE进行应用性能测试，PEG-BAE具有良好的表面活性，其中PEG-600-BAE的静态表面张力最低为33.89 mN/m。PEG-600-BAE质量浓度为1.5 g/L时就能达到防锈要求；在酸性环境中，PEG-600-BAE质量浓度为2 g/L时，缓蚀效率达到90%。25 kg压力下，PEG-200-BAE的质量浓度为1.5 g/L时，磨斑直径为0.29 mm。因此，聚乙二醇硼酸酯作为防锈润滑剂在水基金属加工液中具有好的应用前景。

Using boric acid （BA） and polyethylene glycol （PEG） as raw materials, a series of polyethylene glycol borates （PEG-BAE） were prepared by solvent-free method. The products were characterized by FT-IR. Their thermal stability was tested by TGA, and their surface activity was tested on a static surface tensiometer. Their rust-inhibiting properties were evaluated using HT300 cast iron and Q235 steel sheets. The lubricating properties of their aqueous solutions were tested on an MS-800 four-ball tester. Through single-factor experiments, the optimized synthesis conditions for PEG-BAE were determined as follows: reaction temperature of 115 ℃, molar ratio of PEG-400 to BA of 3.1∶1, and reaction time of 100 min. Under these conditions, a series of products were prepared with different PEGs, with esterification rates all exceeding 89%. FT-IR results indicated the presence of a C-O-B stretching vibration peak at 1 107 cm^-1 for PEG-BAEs with different molecular weights, confirming the formation of target products. TGA results showed that PEG-BAE exhibited good thermal stability, with weight loss only occurring at temperatures above 200 ℃. The results of surface tension measurement for PEG-BAEs with different molecular weights revealed that PEG-BAEs exhibited good surface activity, among which PEG-600-BAE demonstrated the lowest static surface tension of 33.89 mN/m. At a mass concentration of merely 1.5 g/L, PEG-600-BAE could meet the rust-preventative requirements; in acidic environment, at the mass concentration of 2 g/L, its corrosion-inhibition efficiency reached 90%. At the load of 25 kg, the wear scar diameter was 0.29 mm when the mass concentration of PEG-200-BAE was 1.5 g/L. Therefore, polyethylene glycol borates showed promising application as rust-preventative lubricants in water-based metalworking fluids.

本研究通过逆向旋转蒸发法建立了高包封率柞蚕丝素肽脂质体的制备工艺，同时对其抗光损伤作用进行评估。结果表明，优化单因素试验确定胆磷比1∶11，水相体积3 mL，PBS溶液pH 8.0，一次超声3 min，二次超声5 min，乳化温度40 ℃的制备工艺参数，获得较佳包封效果和合适粒径大小的柞蚕丝素肽脂质体。柞蚕丝素肽脂质体能够通过修复胶原、增强抗氧化、抗炎等作用改善小鼠胚胎成纤维细胞的光损伤；通过清除ROS水平、尾鳍修复来缓解斑马鱼的紫外损伤，证实了柞蚕丝素肽脂质体在抵御皮肤光损伤方面的潜力，适于作为护肤产品的应用开发。

A preparation process of tussah silk fibroin peptide liposomes with high encapsulation efficiency and suitable particle size was established by the reverse rotary evaporation method, and their anti-photodamage effect was evaluated in this study. The results show that the optimal encapsulation effect of tussah silk fibroin peptide liposomes is achieved by optimizing the single factor test to ascertain the preparation parameters of the mass ratio of cholesterol to lecithin of 1∶11, the aqueous phase volume of 3 mL, the pH of PBS solution of 8.0, the first ultrasound of 3 min, the second ultrasound of 5 min, and the emulsification temperature of 40 ℃. The tussah silk fibroin peptide liposomes are capable of ameliorating the photodamage to mouse embryonic fibroblasts by repairing collagen, enhancing anti-oxidation and exerting anti-inflammatory effects. Ultraviolet damage of zebrafish is alleviated by reducing reactive oxygen species （ROS） levels and repairing the tail fin. This study confirms the potential of tussah silk fibroin peptide liposomes in resisting skin photodamage, thereby rendering them suitable for application in skin care products.

Heck反应中金属催化是必不可少的，但容易出现金属残留等问题。针对这一问题，开发了一种封装金属催化剂的方式，将金属催化剂与有机硅酮胶均匀混合或将金属催化剂与Fe₃O₄和有机硅酮胶均匀混合。混合后所制得的负载催化剂或负载磁性催化剂不易破碎，在保持良好的催化活性的同时更容易称重和转移，且易于过滤回收。实验结果表明，有机硅酮胶负载钯催化剂（Pd/C@Glue）经过7次循环使用后，在Heck反应中产物收率仍能达到85%，说明Pd/C@Glue在Heck反应中催化循环效率高。此外，Pd/C@Glue在Heck反应中循环使用7次，其反应液中钯残留量均低于26 ppm，说明在反应液中金属浸出量较低。为了实现催化剂的磁性回收，将有机硅酮胶同时负载Fe₃O₄和钯催化剂，获得了一种新型磁性负载催化剂（Pd/C-Fe₃O₄@Glue）。实验结果表明，该磁性催化剂在多次循环使用后，仍具有较好的催化效果。

Metal catalysis plays a crucial role in the Heck reaction, but it is prone to issues such as metal residue. In response to this issue, this article has developed a new way of encapsulating metal catalysts, which involves uniformly mixing the metal catalyst with organic silicone adhesive or uniformly mixing the metal catalyst with Fe₃O₄ and organic silicone adhesive. The resulting supported catalysts or magnetic supported catalysts are less prone to fragmentation, maintain good catalytic activity, and are easier to weigh and transfer, while also being readily filterable and recoverable. Experiments show that after 7 cycles of use, the organic silicone gel supported palladium catalyst （Pd/C@Glue） can still achieve a product yield of 85% in the Heck reaction, indicating that Pd/C@Glue has a high catalytic cycling efficiency in the Heck reaction. In addition, Pd/C@Glue is cycled 7 times in the Heck reaction, and the residual palladium content in the reaction solution is all below 26 ppm, indicating a low amount of metal leaching in the reaction solution. In order to achieve magnetic recovery of catalysts, a novel magnetic supported catalyst is obtained by simultaneously loading Fe₃O₄ and palladium catalysts onto organic silicone gel （Pd/C-Fe₃O₄@Glue） in this paper. Experiments show that the magnetic catalyst has good catalytic effect after multiple cycles of use.

以纳米纤维素（CNC）为原料，对其进行了羧基化处理后引入聚乳酸（PLA）基体中，研究了羧基化处理的纳米纤维素（CNC-C）、CNC-C掺杂量对CNC-PLA复合聚酯材料力学性能、物相结构、结晶度及降解性能的影响。研究结果表明：羧基化处理后提高了CNC的亲水性能，水接触角从73.5°降低至46.4°，红外光谱测试表明了CNC-C与PLA是通过物理共混制备的复合薄膜，CNC-C的掺入使得复合薄膜的断裂方式从脆性断裂向韧性断裂转变。3% CNC-C/PLA复合薄膜的拉伸强度和断裂延伸率均达到了最大值40.8 MPa、5.5%，该复合薄膜的冷结晶温度（T_c）为最低值114.5 ℃，结晶度达到最大值50.6%。CNC-C的掺入提高了复合薄膜的降解性能，3% CNC-C/PLA复合薄膜在25 ℃下降解一周后失重为1.71%，100 ℃下降解一周后失重为53.5%，具有优异的生物可降解性和力学性能。

Nanocellulose (CNC) was carboxylated and then introduced into polylactic acid (PLA) matrix. The effects of carboxylated nanocellulose (CNC-C) and CNC-C doping amount on the mechanical properties, phase structure, crystallinity and degradation properties of CNC-PLA composite polyester were studied. The results showed that, the hydrophilicity of CNC was improved after carboxylation, whose water contact angle was decreased from 73.5° to 46.4°. The infrared spectrum showed that CNC-C and PLA formed composite films by physical blending. The addition of CNC-C made the fracture mode of the composite films change from brittle fracture to ductile fracture. The tensile strength and fracture elongation of 3% CNC-C/PLA composite film both reached the maximum values of 40.8 MPa and 5.5%, and the cold crystallization temperature (T_c) of this composite film was of the minimum value (114.5 ℃), and its crystallinity reached the maximum value of 50.6%. The CNC-C introduced improved the degradability of the composite film. The weight loss of 3% CNC-C/PLA composite film was 1.71% after degradation at 25 ℃ for one week, and it was 53.5% after degradation at 100 ℃ for one week, indicative of excellent biodegradability and mechanical properties.

为探究松茸蛋白的保湿效果，通过热水浸提和（NH₄）₂SO₄盐析从松茸菌丝得到松茸总蛋白（TMPS），再经过DEAE-52和Sephadex G-100柱层析纯化得到了一种蛋白组分（TMPS1-2）。通过Tricine-SDS-PAGE、氨基酸自动分析仪和圆二色谱仪分析了蛋白结构；通过体外保湿和吸湿性试验以及AEW诱导的小鼠皮肤干燥模型研究了TMPS1-2的保湿活性。结果表明：TMPS1-2为分子量12.4 kDa、无规则卷曲的蛋白，氨基酸以谷氨酸、脯氨酸和甘氨酸为主；体外保湿试验中，TMPS1-2在第24 h的保湿、吸湿率分别约75%，22%；小鼠皮肤外观、病理分析、免疫组化、水分和羟脯氨酸含量结果表明，外用TMPS1-2治疗的小鼠皮肤对比模型组能减缓表皮增厚、过度角化和水分流失现象，增强AQP3的表达，有效改善皮肤干燥问题，具有保湿、修护皮肤屏障的功效。

Tricholoma matsutake is a rare fungus with medicinal and edible origin, and its protein has been relatively little studied. In order to investigate the moisturizing effect of matsutake proteins, in this study, total matsutake proteins （TMPS） were obtained from matsutake mycelia using hot water extraction and （NH₄）₂SO₄ salting out, and then a protein fraction （TMPS1-2） was obtained by purification by column chromatography with DEAE-52 and Sephadex G-100. The experimental results of Tricine-SDS-PAGE and infrared spectroscopy show that TMPS1-2 is a protein with a molecular weight of about 12.4 kDa, irregularly coiled, and with amino acids dominated by glutamic acid, proline and glycine. Mouse experiments show that TMPS1-2 can alleviate the phenomena of epidermal thickening, hyperkeratosis and water loss, enhance the expression of AQP3, and effectively improve the problem of skin dryness, with the efficacy of moisturizing and repairing the skin barrier.

采用超声辅助乙醇提取法制备滨蒿提取物，其中对羟基苯乙酮含量>10%。通过斑马鱼模型、巨噬细胞炎症模型及抑菌率评价法，系统评估滨蒿提取物不同剂量下的美白、舒缓及抑菌作用，并结合鸡胚尿囊膜（HET - CAM）眼刺激模型评价其有效剂量下的刺激性。结果显示：在美白功效方面，0.2%和0.4%提取物显著抑制斑马鱼胚胎头部黑色素生成（P<0.05），效果优于0.1%烟酰胺；0.4%提取物使LPS诱导的TNF-α分泌量降低42.33%，符合化妆品舒缓标准；0.2%~0.4%滨蒿提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌、铜绿假单胞菌和大肠杆菌的最小抑菌浓度（MIC90）均≤1%，抑菌效果显著。0.4%的滨蒿提取物在HET-CAM模拟眼刺激中ES=0，无眼刺激性。本研究证实滨蒿提取物在0.2%~0.4%质量分数下兼具美白、舒缓、抑菌三重功效，且安全性良好，符合化妆品原料安全标准，为开发多功能天然化妆品提供了科学依据。

This study prepared Artemisia scoparia extract using ultrasound-assisted ethanol extraction, with a p-hydroxyacetophenone content over 10%. The whitening, soothing, and antibacterial effects of the extract at different doses were systematically evaluated using zebrafish models, macrophage inflammation models, and antibacterial rate assays, combined with the hen's egg chorioallantoic membrane（HET-CAM）test to assess ocular irritation at effective doses. The results demonstrate that, for whitening efficacy, 0.2%-0.4% extract significantly inhibits melanin generation in zebrafish embryos（P<0.05）, outperforming 0.1% niacinamide（P<0.05）. The 0.4% extract reduces LPS-induced TNF-α secretion by 42.33%, meeting cosmetic soothing standards. The minimum inhibitory concentrations（MIC90）of 0.2%-0.4% Artemisia scoparia extract against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli are all ≤1%, indicating a significant antibacterial activity. Additionally, the 0.4% extract shows no ocular irritation （ES=0） in the HET-CAM test. This study confirms that Artemisia scoparia extract at 0.2%-0.4% concentrations exhibits triple efficacy in whitening, soothing, and antibacterial effects, with excellent safety profiles compliant with cosmetic ingredient standards, providing a scientific basis for developing multifunctional natural cosmetics.

对我国特殊化妆品变更的监管要求进行了系统梳理，对承载变更业务的信息系统建设情况进行了概述，对《化妆品监督管理条例》实施及“化妆品智慧申报审评系统”投入使用以来特殊化妆品的变更情况进行了分析，包括变更数量、变更内容、属地分布和审评情况等，并结合工作实际对特殊化妆品变更存在的问题进行了归纳并提出相关建议。本文为特殊化妆品变更监管和技术审评工作提供参考，为推动我国化妆品行业高速、高质量发展提出建设性意见。

A systematic review was conducted on the regulatory requirements for changes of special cosmetics in China, and an overview was given of the construction of information systems. An analysis was conducted on the changes of special cosmetics since the implementation of the “Regulations on the Supervision and Administration of Cosmetics” and the launch of the “E-system for Cosmetic Submission and Intelligent Evaluation”, including the number of changes, contents of changes, geographical distribution and evaluation status. Based on practical experience, we have summarized the problems existing in the changes of special cosmetics and proposed relevant suggestions. This article provides reference for the supervision and technical evaluation of special cosmetics changes, and puts forward suggestions for promoting the high-speed and high-quality development of China's cosmetics industry.

建立了HPLC同时测定口腔护理牙膏中5种新型防腐剂（乙基己基甘油、1, 2-己二醇、1, 2-戊二醇、1, 3-辛二醇、1, 2-辛二醇）含量的方法。以甲醇-水（体积比7∶3）作为牙膏提取试剂，40 ℃下超声处理20 min（功率300 W），超声后以10 000 r/min离心10 min，取上清液经0.22 μm有机系滤膜过滤。采用Oasis HLB固相萃取柱净化样品。配备Agilent G1315D二极管阵列检测器的Agilent 1260 Infinity HPLC系统进行分析。选择耐酸性Agilent ZORBAX Eclipse Plus C18色谱柱，柱温35 ℃。流动相为水（含0.1%甲酸）-甲醇。检测波长为210 nm。结果显示，该方法的日内RSD均低于4%，日间RSD均低于5%，表明该方法具有良好的精密度；线性回归分析显示，5种新型防腐剂的线性范围为0.1~200 μg/mL，r值在0.999 1~0.999 5区间，检测限为0.05~0.08 μg/mL，定量限为0.15~0.25 μg/mL，表明该方法线性关系良好，具有较高的适用性；5种新型防腐剂的加标回收率在95.56%~104.94%之间，RSD值均低于5%（1.63%~4.45%）。应用该方法测定了32种牙膏中5种新型防腐剂的含量，在4种牙膏检测出乙基己基甘油，在2种牙膏中检测出了1, 2-己二醇。总之，该方法在同时检测牙膏中5种新型防腐剂时具有良好的精密性、适用性和准确性。

A method for the simultaneous determination of the contents of five new preservatives （ethylhexylglycerin, 1,2-hexanediol, 1,2-pentanediol, 1,3-octanediol, and 1,2-octanediol） in oral care toothpaste by high performance liquid chromatography （HPLC） was established. Methanol-water （volume ratio 7∶3） was used as the extraction reagent for toothpaste. The samples were subjected to ultrasonic treatment at 40 ℃ for 20 min （power 300 W）, followed by centrifugation at 10 000 r/min for 10 min. The supernatant was filtered through a 0.22 μm organic filter membrane. The samples were purified using an Oasis HLB solid-phase extraction column. Analysis was performed on an Agilent 1260 Infinity HPLC system equipped with an Agilent G1315D diode array detector. An acid-resistant Agilent ZORBAX Eclipse Plus C18 chromatographic column was selected, with the column temperature set at 35 ℃. The mobile phase consisted of water （containing 0.1% formic acid） and methanol. The detection wavelength was 210 nm. The results show that the intraday relative standard deviation （RSD） of the method is all less than 4%, and the interday RSD is all less than 5%, indicating good precision of the method. Linear regression analysis reveals that the linear range of the five new preservatives is 0.1-200 μg/mL, with the correlation coefficients （r） ranging from 0.999 1 to 0.999 5, limits of detection （LOD） from 0.05 to 0.08 μg/mL, and limits of quantification （LOQ） from 0.15 to 0.25 μg/mL, demonstrating a good linear relationship and high applicability of the method. The spiked recoveries of the five new preservatives range from 95.56% to 104.94%, with all RSD values below 5% （1.63%-4.45%）. This method is applied to determine the contents of the five new preservatives in 32 types of toothpaste. Ethylhexylglycerin is detected in 4 types of toothpaste, and 1,2-hexanediol is detected in 2 types of toothpaste. In conclusion, this method exhibits good precision, applicability, and accuracy for the simultaneous determination of the five new preservatives in toothpaste.

建立了超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法（UPLC-MS/MS）测定化妆品中12种美白成分的方法。对样品前处理、色谱条件和质谱条件进行了优化，优化后条件为：化妆品样品采用体积分数为50%的甲醇溶液（含0.025%甲酸）超声提取，用聚四氟乙烯滤膜过滤，采用Waters BEH C₁₈色谱柱分离，以乙腈-0.01%甲酸水溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱，采用电喷雾离子源（ESI）正负离子模式扫描和多反应监测模式（MRM）检测分析，外标法定量。结果表明，12种美白组分在各自质量浓度范围内线性关系良好，线性相关系数均优于0.995，在膏霜、水乳和面膜基质中检出限为0.06~15.00 mg/kg，定量限为0.20~50.00 mg/kg。3种不同基质的化妆品中各组分在低、中、高浓度加标的平均回收率为78.6%~111.8%，相对标准偏差为1.0%~6.2%（n = 6）。该方法前处理简单，准确性良好，适用于不同基质中12种美白成分的含量测定和质谱确证。

An ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry （UPLC-MS/MS） method was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of twelve whitening ingredients in cosmetics. The sample preparation, liquid chromatography and mass spectrometric conditions were optimized. The optimized conditions were as follows: the samples were ultrasonically extracted with 50% methanol aqueous solution containing 0.025% formic acid, and filtered by polytetrafluoroethylene （PTFE） membrane. Adequate chromatographic retention was achieved on a Waters BEH C₁₈ column under gradient elution with acetonitrile and 0.01% formic acid aqueous solution. A triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer equipped with an electrospray source was set up in the both positive and negative ion mode for multiple reaction monitoring （MRM）. The results show that among the three cosmetics with different types of matrices, the linearity of the twelve whitening agents is good in the concentration ranges, with the correlation coefficient （R） greater than 0.995. The limits of detection （LOD） and limits of quantitation （LOQ） are 0.06-15.00 mg/kg and 0.20-50.00 mg/kg, respectively. Spike recovery is performed on three cosmetics at three different spike levels, and the average recoveries in different types of cosmetics are in the range of 78.6%-111.8% with the relative standard deviation of 1.0%-6.2%（n=6）. The validated method is successfully applied to the determination of 12 components in 18 batches of cosmetics. The results indicate that the quantitative method is simple and accurate. It is suitable for quantitative determination and qualitative confirmation of the 12 whitening agents in different matrices of cosmetics.