黏弹性表面活性剂 （Ⅰ）——百年胶束发展史及蠕虫状胶束的发现

doi:10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2026.01.002

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

表面活性剂的宏观性能、应用功能与其微观胶束结构密切相关。本文系统梳理了胶束概念的百年演进：从19世纪中叶的萌芽、20世纪初的理论奠基，到中后期借助先进表征技术实现的结构解析与形貌拓展，进而深入探讨了蠕虫状胶束的发现历程。该类胶束具有独特的柔性链状结构与动态黏弹行为，被誉为“活聚合物”，其理论建立与性能调控推动了黏弹性表面活性剂在油田、医药、材料等领域的创新应用。文章旨在通过历史回顾与前沿分析，为功能表面活性剂的未来发展提供借鉴。

关键词: 黏弹性表面活性剂, 胶束, 蠕虫状胶束, 胶体化学, 自组装

Abstract:

The diverse functionalities of surfactants, including emulsification, dispersion, wetting, foaming, and cleaning, are closely linked to the micellar structures formed in solution, where morphology, size, and aggregation govern macroscopic behavior and utility. This review outlines the century-long development of micellar science, tracing its progression from initial concepts to modern functional design. A key advance was the identification and characterization of wormlike micelles, first inferred from unexpected viscosity and viscoelasticity in certain surfactant systems. This discovery led to viscoelastic surfactant （VES） systems, in which surfactants combine with counterions or additives to create entangled networks with notable elasticity and shear-responsive properties. Such systems have driven industrial advances, particularly as clean fracturing fluids in petroleum engineering, and extended into emerging applications like drug delivery, smart materials, and green chemistry. In summary, the article surveys the historical pathway of micellar science, emphasizing pivotal conceptual and experimental milestones. Wormlike micelles mark a paradigm shift, linking fundamental colloid research with applied material design. Future progress is anticipated in stimulus-responsive systems and the synergy of computational modeling with experimental studies, offering sustained innovation across interdisciplinary fields.

Key words: viscoelastic surfactant, micelles, wormlike micelles, colloid chemistry, self-assembly

中图分类号:

TQ423

冯玉军. 黏弹性表面活性剂（Ⅰ）——百年胶束发展史及蠕虫状胶束的发现[J]. 日用化学工业（中英文）, 2026, 56(1): 8-16.

Yujun Feng. Viscoelastic surfactants （I）Evolution of micelles and discovery of wormlike micelles[J]. China Surfactant Detergent & Cosmetics, 2026, 56(1): 8-16.

图/表 2

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