G-四联体研究中的核磁共振技术

doi:10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2025.11.001

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

G-四联体作为一种由DNA或RNA折叠形成的独特核酸二级结构，与生命活动密切相关。具有丰富作用位点以及优异性质的G-四联体发挥了重要作用。因此，近几十年来，G-四联体受到了广泛的关注。核磁共振技术（NMR）作为一种表征物质结构的有力工具，在探究G-四联体的组装过程当中有重要应用。文章从核磁共振技术的基本概念出发，介绍了几种常用核磁共振实验方法，总结了NMR技术在表征G-四联体结构方面的应用，并对其在G-四联体领域中新的应用做出展望。

关键词: 核磁共振, G-四联体, 自组装, 相行为

Abstract:

G-quadruplexes, which are unique nucleic acid secondary structures formed by the folding of guanine-rich DNA or RNA, are closely related to essential biological activities. They exhibit extensive application prospects owing to their abundant binding sites and distinct physicochemical properties. Therefore, G-quadruplexes have attracted widespread attention in recent decades. Nuclear magnetic resonance （NMR） technology is an ideal tool for characterizing molecular structures and plays a crucial role in exploring the self-assembly process of G-quadruplexes. In this article, we introduce the basic concepts of NMR, followed by reviewing the applications of NMR in G-quadruplexes. Finally, challenges and prospects of NMR technology in the field of G-quadruplex research are discussed.

Key words: nuclear magnetic resonance, G-quadruplex, self-assembly, phase behavior

中图分类号:

王泽奕, 董姝丽. G-四联体研究中的核磁共振技术[J]. 日用化学工业（中英文）, 2025, 55(11): 1361-1377.

Zeyi Wang, Shuli Dong. Nuclear magnetic resonance studies of G-quadruplex[J]. China Surfactant Detergent & Cosmetics, 2025, 55(11): 1361-1377.

图/表 12

参考文献 64

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	¹H NMR	¹¹B NMR	²³Na NMR
Charge distribution	Spherical symmetry	Asymmetry （significant electric quadrupole moment）	Moderate asymmetry （moderate electric quadrupole moment）
Relaxion	Dominated by T₁	Enhanced T₂ relaxation due to quadrupolar interactions	Enhanced T₂ relaxation due to quadrupolar interactions
Linewidth	Narrow	Broad	Very broad
Detection sensitivity	High	Low	Medium
Experimental requirements	Conventional solution-state NMR	Solution-state NMR or solid-state NMR	Solid-state NMR
Typical applications	Confirm the formation of G-quadruplex	Confirm the formation of guanosine borate derivatives and analyze the gelation mechanism	Ascertain the binding sites of Na⁺

NMR experimen					DLS experiment ^b
w/%	D_t（monomers) ^c	D_t（quartets) ^c	D_t（average）	β	w/%	D_t
17.8	2.43	—	—	—	18	3.24±0.09
24.6	1.74	0.65	1.335	0.964	25	1.14±0.05
28.9	1.45	0.58	0.983	0.956	30	1.02±0.02
33.4	1.20	0.47	0.738	0.950