延展型阴离子表面活性剂对聚四氟乙烯表面润湿性的影响

doi:10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2025.08.001

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探索新型延展型表面活性剂改善低能聚四氟乙烯表面润湿性的作用机制，研究了5种具有不同氧丙烯（PO）和氧乙烯（EO）数目的延展型阴离子表面活性剂十八烷基-（聚氧乙烯）_m-（聚氧丙烯）_n-羧酸钠（C₁₈PO_mEO_nC，m=5，10，15；n=5，10，15）在PTFE-水界面的吸附特性，测定了C₁₈PO_mEO_nC水溶液的表面张力和接触角随浓度的变化规律，计算了粘附张力、PTFE-水界面张力和粘附功。研究发现在临界胶束浓度（cmc）以下，延展型表面活性剂分子同时吸附在溶液表面和PTFE-液体界面上，表面张力和粘附张力之间呈线性关系，C₁₈PO_mEO_nC在PTFE-水界面的吸附量明显低于在溶液表面的吸附量。随着浓度升高到cmc之上，C₁₈PO_mEO_nC通过疏水相互作用在PTFE表面上形成类似半胶束的聚集体，亲水基团朝向溶液，对PTFE表面高效亲水改性。

关键词: 润湿性, 接触角, 延展型表面活性剂, 氧乙烯基团, 氧丙烯基团

Abstract:

In order to explore the mechanism of improving the surface wettability of low-energy polytetrafluoroethylene （PTFE） by new extended surfactants, five kinds of extended anionic surfactants with different numbers of oxypropylene （PO） and oxyethylene （EO）, octadecyl-（PO） _m-（EO）_n-sodium carboxylate （C₁₈PO_mEO_nC, m=5, 10, 15, n=5, 10, 15）, were studied. The surface tension and contact angle of C₁₈PO_mEO_nC solution with different concentrations were measured, and the adhesion tension, PTFE-water interfacial tension, and adhesion work were calculated. It was found that the extended surfactant molecules adsorb on the surface of the solution and the PTFE-liquid interface simultaneously when the concentration is lower than the critical micelle concentration （cmc）, and there was a linear relationship between surface tension and adhesion tension. The adsorption amount of C₁₈PO_mEO_nC at the PTFE-water interface was significantly lower than that on the surface of the solution. As the concentration increases above cmc, semi-micelle aggregates on the surface of PTFE are formed by C₁₈PO_mEO_nC molecules through hydrophobic interaction, and the hydrophilic group faces the solution to modify the surface of PTFE with high efficiency.

Key words: wettability, contact angle, extended surfactant, polypropylene oxide, polyethylene oxide

中图分类号:

TQ423

孙琦, 赵征蓉, 徐志成, 张磊, 张路. 延展型阴离子表面活性剂对聚四氟乙烯表面润湿性的影响[J]. 日用化学工业（中英文）, 2025, 55(8): 949-960.

Qi Sun, Zhengrong Zhao, Zhicheng Xu, Lei Zhang, Lu Zhang. Effects of extended anionic surfactants on the wettability of polytetrafluoroethylene interface[J]. China Surfactant Detergent & Cosmetics, 2025, 55(8): 949-960.

图/表 10

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Surfactants	Molecular formulas	cmc/（10^-5 mol/L）	Γ_cmc/（mN/m）	A_min1/nm²
C₁₈P₅E₁₅C	C₁₈H₃₇O（PO） ₅（EO） ₁₅CH₂COONa	0.445	36.25	0.94
C₁₈P₁₀E₁₅C	C₁₈H₃₇O（PO） ₁₀（EO） ₁₅CH₂COONa	0.321	37.22	1.04
C₁₈P₁₅E₅C	C₁₈H₃₇O（PO） ₁₅（EO） ₅CH₂COONa	0.343	37.97	1.09
C₁₈P₁₅E₁₀C	C₁₈H₃₇O（PO） ₁₅（EO） ₁₀CH₂COONa	0.261	38.32	1.12
C₁₈P₁₅E₁₅C	C₁₈H₃₇O（PO） ₁₅（EO） ₁₅CH₂COONa	0.136	38.87	1.16
L-C₁₂PO₄S ^[36]	L-C₁₂H₂₅（PO） ₄OSO₃Na	9.20	30.10	1.13
L-C₁₂PO₁₁S ^[36]	L-C₁₂H₂₅（PO） ₄OSO₃Na	2.40	33.40	1.38
D1807 ^[40]	C₂₄H₄₈O（EO） ₇O（PO₄Na₂） ₄	146	38.83	0.79
D1820 ^[40]	C₂₄H₄₈O（EO） ₂₀O（PO₄Na₂） ₄	103	41.47	0.92
D1830 ^[40]	C₂₄H₄₈O（EO） ₃₀O（PO₄Na₂） ₄	84	45.36	0.93
SDBS ^[17]	C₁₈H₂₉NaO₃S	120	33.75	0.69
CTAB ^[14]	C₁₆H₃₃N⁺（CH₃）3Br^-	93	32.75	0.96
TX-100 ^[41]	（CH₃） ₅C₂CH₂C₆H₄（OCH₂CH₂） ₁₀OH	15	31.50	0.68

Surfactants	Molecular formulas	Г_SL/ Г_LV	A_min2/nm²
C₁₈P₅E₁₅C	C₁₈H₃₇ O（PO） ₅（EO） ₁₅CH₂COONa	-0.32	2.94
C₁₈P₁₀E₁₅C	C₁₈H₃₇ O（PO） ₁₀（EO） ₁₅CH₂COONa	-0.34	3.05
C₁₈P₁₅E₅C	C₁₈H₃₇ O（PO） ₁₅（EO） ₅CH₂COONa	-0.28	3.89
C₁₈P₁₅E₁₀C	C₁₈H₃₇ O（PO） ₁₅（EO） ₁₀CH₂COONa	-0.32	3.50
C₁₈P₁₅E₁₅C	C₁₈H₃₇ O（PO） ₁₅（EO） ₁₅CH₂COONa	-0.36	3.22
L-C₁₂PO₄S ^[36]	L-C₁₂H₂₅ （PO） ₄OSO₃Na	-0.45	2.51
L-C₁₂PO₁₁S ^[36]	L-C₁₂H₂₅ （PO） ₄OSO₃Na	-0.40	3.45
C₁₆PC ^[37]	C₁₆OCH₂CHOHCH₂N⁺（CH₃） ₂CH₃Cl^-	-0.75	—
C₁₆（EO） ₃PC ^[37]	C₁₆O（EO）₃CH₂CHOHCH₂N⁺（CH₃） ₂CH₃Cl^-	-0.41	—

Surfactants	Г_below/（mmol/cm²）	A_below/nm²	Г_above/（mmol/cm²）	A_above/nm²
C₁₈P₅E₁₅C	0.57	2.91	1.14	1.45
C₁₈P₁₀E₁₅C	0.58	2.83	1.15	1.44
C₁₈P₁₅E₅C	0.48	3.49	1.16	1.43
C₁₈P₁₅E₁₀C	0.52	3.16	1.17	1.42
C₁₈P₁₅E₁₅C	0.60	2.78	1.17	1.42