延展型阴离子表面活性剂泡沫性能研究

doi:10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2025.04.002

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

研究了不同结构延展型阴离子表面活性剂的泡沫性质，获得了发泡能力（FC）、携液量、泡沫膨胀系数（FE）、排液半衰期、泡沫半衰期、泡沫数量、泡沫分散度（PDI）等各项参数，探究了分子结构中引入氧丙烯（PO）基团和氧乙烯（EO）基团对泡沫性质的影响规律。研究表明，弱疏水的PO链不能有效结合水分子，液膜排液速度较快，泡沫稳定性较差；亲水的EO基团的引入削弱了离子头间的静电斥力，并增强表面吸附膜结合水分子的能力，降低泡沫体系的排液速率，提高体系的泡沫性能；过长的EO链破坏表面膜的紧密排列，不利于表面张力降低，泡沫性能变差。C₁₂E₃C分子的结构优势使其将表面张力降至22 mN/m，表现出最佳的发泡能力和稳定性，能同时稳定大小泡沫，并在12 h后形成稳定持久的干泡。研究结果对进一步探索延展型表面活性剂在泡沫体系中的应用具有借鉴作用。

关键词: 延展型表面活性剂, PO数, EO数, 发泡能力, 泡沫稳定性

Abstract:

The foam properties of extended anionic surfactants with different structure were studied. The parameters such as foaming capacity （FC）, liquid-carrying capacity, foam expansion coefficient （FE）, drainage half-life, foam half-life, bubble number and foam polydispersity index （PDI） were obtained. The effects of introduction of propylene oxide （PO） units and ethylene oxide （EO） units in molecular structure on the foam properties were investigated. The results showed that, the slightly hydrophobic PO chain could not effectively bind water molecules, and the drainage of liquid film became faster, which reduced the stability of the foam. In contrast, the introduction of hydrophilic EO groups weakened the electrostatic repulsions between ionic headgroups, enhanced the ability of surface adsorption film to bind water molecules, reduced the drainage rate of the foam system, and thus improved the foaming performance. However, a too long EO chain would destroy the close arrangement of molecules in the surface film, which was unfavorable to surface tension reduction and thus led to worse foaming performance. The advantages in molecular structure of C₁₂E₃C enabled it to reduce the surface tension to 22 mN/m, indicative of the best foaming ability and foam stability. It could stabilize both big and small bubbles at the same time and form stable and lasting dry foams after 12 h. This work could provide reference to further explore the application of extended surfactants in foam systems.

Key words: extended surfactant, PO number, EO number, foaming capacity, foam stability

中图分类号:

TQ423

闫飞, 马骋, 徐志成, 宫清涛, 张磊, 张路. 延展型阴离子表面活性剂泡沫性能研究[J]. 日用化学工业（中英文）, 2025, 55(4): 415-421.

Fei Yan, Cheng Ma, Zhicheng Xu, Qingtao Gong, Lei Zhang, Lu Zhang. Study on the foam properties of extended anionic surfactants[J]. China Surfactant Detergent & Cosmetics, 2025, 55(4): 415-421.

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