当期目录

2025年, 第55卷, 第4期　刊出日期：2025-04-22 上一期    下一期

特邀专稿

Select

微胶囊乳液型聚合物对延展型表面活性剂界面张力的影响 Effects of microcapsulated emulsion polymer on the interfacial tension of extended surfactants 徐辉 2025 (4):  407-414.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2025.04.001 摘要 ( 80 )   HTML ( 17 )   PDF(1331KB) ( 44 )   为了设计高效的靶向增黏二元驱油体系，研究了微胶囊乳液型聚合物对延展型表面活性剂界面张力的作用机制。采用旋转滴方法测定了羧酸盐和硫酸盐类延展型表面活性剂（C8PmEnC和C8PmEnS）与正构烷烃间的界面张力，考察了PO数目、EO数目和离子头对延展型表面活性剂界面张力的影响规律。实验结果表明，长PO链的螺旋结构有利于界面张力降低，而长EO链的空间效应不利于降低界面张力，当PO数目≥10且EO数目≤10时，C8PmEnC和C8PmEnS分子才可能达到超低界面张力。水溶性非离子表面活性剂Tween80会增强混合体系的亲水性，明显降低延展型表面活性剂的nmin值；油溶性非离子表面活性剂Span80与延展型表面活性剂分子在溶液中形成混合胶束，不影响nmin值。当延展型表面活性剂的界面活性不够强时，靶向增黏聚合物中非离子表面活性剂与其发生竞争吸附，界面张力升高；对于界面活性较强的延展型表面活性剂，靶向增黏聚合物通过调整亲水亲油平衡影响界面张力。未破壳和破壳靶向增黏聚合物均会进一步降低油溶性较强的延展型表面活性剂的界面张力，维持超低界面张力活性。这对靶向增黏二元驱的体系设计具有指导意义。 To design an efficient targeted viscosifying binary flooding system, the mechanism for the effects of microcapsulated emulsion polymer on the interfacial tension of extended surfactants was studied. The interfacial tension of carboxylate-and sulfate-type extended surfactants （C8PmEnC and C8PmEnS） against n-alkanes was measured by spinning drop method. The effects of PO number, EO number and ionic headgroups on the interfacial tension of extended surfactant solutions were investigated. The experimental results showed that the helical structure of long PO chain was beneficial to the reduction of interfacial tension, while the steric effect of long EO chain was unfavorable to the reduction of interfacial tension. Only when PO number≥10 and EO number≤10, C8PmEnC and C8PmEnS could possibly achieve ultra-low interfacial tension. The water-soluble nonionic surfactant Tween80 could enhance the hydrophilicity of the mixed system and significantly reduce the nmin value of the extended surfactant. The oil-soluble nonionic surfactant Span80 and the extended surfactant molecules could form mixed micelles in solution, and thus did not affect the nmin value. When the interfacial activity of the extended surfactant was not strong enough, the nonionic surfactant from the “microcapsulated emulsion polymer” would compete with the extended surfactant for adsorption, and the interfacial tension increased. For those extended surfactants with strong interfacial activity, the targeted viscosifying polymer affected the interfacial tension by adjusting the hydrophilic-lipophilic balance. Both unbroken and broken microcapsulated emulsion polymer would further reduce the interfacial tension of those extended surfactants with strong oil solubility and maintain ultra-low interfacial tension. This work could have guiding significance for the design of targeted viscosifying binary flooding system. 数据和表 | 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

Select

延展型阴离子表面活性剂泡沫性能研究 Study on the foam properties of extended anionic surfactants 闫飞, 马骋, 徐志成, 宫清涛, 张磊, 张路 2025 (4):  415-421.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2025.04.002 摘要 ( 79 )   HTML ( 14 )   PDF(1696KB) ( 34 )   研究了不同结构延展型阴离子表面活性剂的泡沫性质，获得了发泡能力（FC）、携液量、泡沫膨胀系数（FE）、排液半衰期、泡沫半衰期、泡沫数量、泡沫分散度（PDI）等各项参数，探究了分子结构中引入氧丙烯（PO）基团和氧乙烯（EO）基团对泡沫性质的影响规律。研究表明，弱疏水的PO链不能有效结合水分子，液膜排液速度较快，泡沫稳定性较差；亲水的EO基团的引入削弱了离子头间的静电斥力，并增强表面吸附膜结合水分子的能力，降低泡沫体系的排液速率，提高体系的泡沫性能；过长的EO链破坏表面膜的紧密排列，不利于表面张力降低，泡沫性能变差。C12E3C分子的结构优势使其将表面张力降至22 mN/m，表现出最佳的发泡能力和稳定性，能同时稳定大小泡沫，并在12 h后形成稳定持久的干泡。研究结果对进一步探索延展型表面活性剂在泡沫体系中的应用具有借鉴作用。 The foam properties of extended anionic surfactants with different structure were studied. The parameters such as foaming capacity （FC）, liquid-carrying capacity, foam expansion coefficient （FE）, drainage half-life, foam half-life, bubble number and foam polydispersity index （PDI） were obtained. The effects of introduction of propylene oxide （PO） units and ethylene oxide （EO） units in molecular structure on the foam properties were investigated. The results showed that, the slightly hydrophobic PO chain could not effectively bind water molecules, and the drainage of liquid film became faster, which reduced the stability of the foam. In contrast, the introduction of hydrophilic EO groups weakened the electrostatic repulsions between ionic headgroups, enhanced the ability of surface adsorption film to bind water molecules, reduced the drainage rate of the foam system, and thus improved the foaming performance. However, a too long EO chain would destroy the close arrangement of molecules in the surface film, which was unfavorable to surface tension reduction and thus led to worse foaming performance. The advantages in molecular structure of C12E3C enabled it to reduce the surface tension to 22 mN/m, indicative of the best foaming ability and foam stability. It could stabilize both big and small bubbles at the same time and form stable and lasting dry foams after 12 h. This work could provide reference to further explore the application of extended surfactants in foam systems. 数据和表 | 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

基础研究

Select

根据依数性计算碳点的分子量及其在估算表面吸附量上的应用 The molecular weight of carbon dots calculated from colligative properties and their application in estimating surface adsorption capacity 孙婷, 梁馨支, 庞明昊, 辛霞, 冯宁, 李洪光 2025 (4):  422-429.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2025.04.003 摘要 ( 39 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF(1652KB) ( 13 )   自2004年发现碳点（CDs）以来，碳点独特的光致发光现象受到了广泛关注。然而，由于碳点在原子上是不精确的，且其分子量分布较宽，目前还没有合理地量化碳点的分子量。文章制备了一系列Pluronic改性碳点，并简要分析了碳点的结构。随后，开发了一种基于依数性的分子量测量方法，并简要分析了算法中的校正系数，计算出的分子量用于测定表面吸附量。文章提供了一种平均原子不精确颗粒材料分子量的方法，有望为相关领域带来新的机遇。 Since the discovery of carbon dots （CDs） in 2004, the unique photoluminescence phenomenon of CDs has attracted widespread attention. However, the molecular weight of CDs has not been adequately quantified at present, due to CDs are atomically imprecise and their molecular weight distribution is broad. In this paper, a series of Pluronic-modified CDs were prepared and the structure of the CDs was briefly analyzed. Subsequently, a molecular weight measurement method based on colligative properties was developed, and the correction coefficient in the algorithm was briefly analyzed. The calculated molecular weight was applied to the determination of surface adsorption capacity. This work provided a method for averaging the molecular weight of atomically imprecise particulate materials, which is expected to provide new opportunities in related fields. 数据和表 | 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

开发与应用

Select

防晒类化妆品中二氧化钛纳米颗粒的筛查方法研究 Research on screening methods for TiO2 nanoparticles in sunscreen cosmetics 李硕, 代静, 李庆武, 李莉 2025 (4):  430-436.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2025.04.004 摘要 ( 71 )   HTML ( 8 )   PDF(1690KB) ( 37 )   建立了单颗粒电感耦合等离子体质谱快速筛查防晒类化妆品中二氧化钛纳米颗粒的检测方法，并采用高分辨透射电子显微镜联用能谱技术对其中纳米二氧化钛晶型进行了表征。以0.1% Triton X-100为萃取剂超声辅助提取化妆品中二氧化钛纳米颗粒，在时间分辨分析模式下采集脉冲信号，通过对采集的数据进行计算从而获得颗粒粒径大小及分布情况。结果表明：颗粒尺寸的检测限不仅受到待测元素同位素背景信号的影响，也与所采用的计算方法密切相关。不同的粒径检测限结果对被识别为颗粒的尺寸大小及数量浓度均有显著影响，直接关系到化妆品产品的合规性判定及安全性评价。防晒类化妆品中二氧化钛纳米颗粒快速筛查方法，为含纳米级材料化妆品的合规性和安全性考察提供了可供探讨的空间和途径。 A method was developed for the determination of particle size and distribution of titanium dioxide nanoparticles in sunscreen using single particle-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry （spICP-MS）. The titanium dioxide nanoparticles were characterized by high resolution transmission electron microscopy （HRTEM） and energy dispersive spectroscopy （EDS）. 0.1% Triton X-100 was employed as an extractant for ultrasound-assisted extraction of titanium dioxide nanoparticles in cosmetics. The data were acquired in pulse signal mode, and the particle size and distribution were determined through calculation. The experimental results demonstrate that the lower limit of particle size detection is influenced not only by the background signal of the isotope to be detected but also by the cosmetic matrix. Different background thresholds significantly affect both the lower limit of particle size detection and the number of identified particles, thereby directly impacting compliance and safety considerations for cosmetics. This method enables rapid screening of titanium dioxide nanoparticles in sunscreen cosmetics while simultaneously determining and characterizing their particle size and distribution, providing a framework for discussing compliance and safety investigations regarding nanoparticle-containing cosmetics. 数据和表 | 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

Select

精制褐煤蜡/蜂蜡复合O/W乳液的制备工艺及应用研究 Study on the preparation process and application of composite O/W emulsion of refined montan wax/beeswax 程振, 耿涛, 王文琪, 台秀梅 2025 (4):  437-445.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2025.04.005 摘要 ( 45 )   HTML ( 10 )   PDF(1703KB) ( 17 )   以精制褐煤蜡为油相，采用相反转法制得蜡乳液。通过单因素和正交试验法，以乳液粒径为判断标准，分析了乳化剂比例、蜡比例、搅拌转速和搅拌时间对蜡乳液稳定性的影响，优化了蜡乳液的制备工艺条件，在此基础上，研究了蜂蜡的加入量对乳液粒径及稳定性的影响，得到了优化的精制褐煤蜡/蜂蜡复合蜡乳液的配方组成和制备工艺条件，并测试了复合蜡乳液的抑菌性能和应用性能。结果表明，对蜡乳液粒径影响从大到小的顺序为：乳化剂比例、搅拌转速、蜡的比例和搅拌时间；优化的制备工艺条件：椰子油脂肪酸二乙醇酰胺质量分数为6.30%、吐温60为0.75%、司盘60为2.95%、精制褐煤蜡为7.00%、蜂蜡为3.00%、水为80.00%、搅拌转速为1 500 r/min、搅拌时间为10 min；优化条件下得到的乳液粒径为650.2 nm；3.00%蜂蜡的加入可以大幅度降低乳液的粒径（352.5 nm），且分布更均一，大大提高了乳液的稳定性；自制蜡乳液对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌均具有较好的抑菌效果；将蜡乳液应用于皮革的涂饰中，能大幅度提高皮革的变色效果、光亮度和手感。 The wax emulsion was prepared by phase inversion method using refined montan wax as oil phase. Both single-factor and orthogonal experimental methods were used, in which emulsion particle size was used as a criterion for judgment. The effects of emulsifier dosage, wax ratio, stirring speed and stirring time on the stability of wax emulsion were studied. The process conditions for preparation of wax emulsions were optimized. Furthermore, the effects of incorporation of beeswax on the stability and particle size of the emulsion were also studied. Then, a composite emulsion of refined montan wax/beeswax with optimal formulation and preparation procedure was obtained. The antibacterial and application properties of the composite wax emulsion were also tested. The results showed that, the influencing factors on the particle size of the wax emulsion was in the descending order of emulsifier dosage>stirring speed>wax ratio>stirring time. The optimized preparation conditions were: The mass fraction of coconut oil fatty acid diethanolamide of 6.30%, Tween60 of 0.75%, Span60 of 2.95%, refined montan wax of 7.00%, beeswax of 3.00%, water of 80.00%, stirring speed of 1 500 r/min, and stirring time of 10 min. The particle size of the emulsion prepared under optimized conditions was 650.2 nm. It was confirmed that the addition of 3.00% beeswax could drastically reduce the particle size of the emulsion, and the particle size distribution became more uniform, which greatly improved the stability of the emulsion. This wax emulsion had good bacteriostatic effects on both Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The wax emulsion was applied in leather finishing, indicative of significant improvement in the color change effect, brightness, and feel of the leather. 数据和表 | 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

Select

月桂酸钠对月桂酰基谷氨酸钠的性能影响 Effect of sodium laurate on the properties of sodium lauroyl glutamate 高国芳, 冯亚丹, 刁梓薇, 孙永强, 胡志勇, 朱海林 2025 (4):  446-452.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2025.04.006 摘要 ( 45 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF(1491KB) ( 27 )   以月桂酰基谷氨酸钠（SLG）为研究对象，分析了月桂酸钠（SL）的含量对其表面活性参数、泡沫性能、润湿性能、乳化性能以及抗硬水能力的综合影响。结果显示，SLG的临界胶束浓度（cmc）为0.30 mmol/L，对应的表面张力（γcmc）为34.95 mN/m；随着SL含量的增加，SLG-SL混合溶液降低表面张力的效率下降。在泡沫性能方面，随着SL含量的增加，SLG的起泡性和稳泡性无显著变化。SLG的乳化性和润湿性随SL含量的增加均有所提升；而SL会降低SLG的抗硬水能力。 In this paper, the effect of sodium laurate （SL） on the properties of sodium lauroyl glutamate （SLG）, such as surface activity, foam, wetting, emulsification, and resistance to hard water, has been systematically investigated. The results showed that the critical micelle concentration （cmc） of SLG was 0.30 mmol/L, and the surface tension at the cmc （γcmc） was 34.95 mN/m. With the increase of SL content, the efficiency of SLG solution in reducing the surface tension was decreased. When the SL content was increased, there was no significant change in the foaming ability and foam stability of SLG solutions. The increase of SL content improved both the emulsification and wettability of SLG, but reduced its water resistance. 数据和表 | 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

Select

氧化白藜芦醇自微乳的制备、表征及美白活性的研究 Preparation, characterization, and whitening activity research of oxyresveratrol-loaded self-microemulsion 苗开元, 欧阳泽垚, 赵新颖, 杨晓婧, 陈欣妍, 石召华 2025 (4):  453-463.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2025.04.007 摘要 ( 63 )   HTML ( 12 )   PDF(2542KB) ( 34 )   以聚氧乙烯蓖麻油和辛酸癸酸聚乙二醇甘油酯为复合乳化剂制备可高效荷载氧化白藜芦醇（OXY）的自微乳递送系统（OXY-SME），表征其制剂特性，并评价其稳定性、体外透皮效果和美白活性。通过伪三元相图及乳液的粒径和多分散指数（PDI），明确了空白自微乳（SME）的制备处方和OXY的最适载药量。在最适载药量为4%时，OXY-SME的粒径为（18.69±0.29） nm，PDI为0.181±0.017，包封率为99.87%±1.50%，且乳滴呈类球形，并可将OXY的水中溶解度提高约62倍。通过含水量-电导率拟合曲线和染色法，明确了OXY-SME的乳液类型与含水量的关系。通过测定粒径、PDI和OXY含量等评价了OXY-SME在不同条件下的稳定性，结果表明OXY-SME具有良好的贮存稳定性和稀释稳定性，且能有效延缓光照引起的OXY含量下降。利用SD大鼠腹部皮肤考察了OXY-SME的含水量对OXY皮肤渗透的影响，结果表明在含水量为70%即OXY-SME为O/W型时，OXY的48 h皮肤累积渗透量最高。通过测定体外蘑菇酪氨酸酶及B16-F10细胞内酪氨酸酶活性和黑色素含量评价了OXY-SME的美白活性，结果表明OXY-SME对细胞内酪氨酸酶活性和黑色素生成的抑制作用均要强于OXY水溶液组和阳性对照曲酸（KA）组，OXY-SME具有提高OXY细胞内美白活性的作用。 A self-microemulsifying drug delivery system （OXY-SME） was developed using Cremophor® EL and Labrasol® as composite emulsifiers to efficiently load oxyresveratrol （OXY）, and its formulation characteristics, stability, in vitro skin permeation, and whitening activity were evaluated. Through the pseudo-ternary phase diagram and testing the particle size and polydispersity index （PDI） of the emulsion, the formulation for the preparation of blank self-microemulsion （SME） and the optimal drug loading of OXY were determined. At the optimal drug loading of 4%, the particle size of OXY-SME was （18.69±0.29） nm, with a PDI of 0.181±0.017 and an encapsulation efficiency of 99.87%±1.50%. The emulsion droplets were spherical, and the solubility of OXY in water was increased by approximately 62 times. The relationship between emulsion type and water content of OXY-SME was clarified using water content-conductivity fitting curves and staining methods. The stability of OXY-SME under various conditions was evaluated by measuring particle size, PDI, and OXY content. The results indicate that OXY-SME exhibits good storage stability and dilution stability, and effectively delays the decrease in OXY content caused by light exposure. The effect of water content on OXY skin permeation was investigated using the abdominal skin of SD rats, and the results show that the highest cumulative skin permeation of OXY over 48 hours is observed at a water content of 70%, indicating an oil-in-water （O/W） type emulsion. The whitening activity of OXY-SME was evaluated by measuring the activity of mushroom tyrosinase and intracellular tyrosinase in B16-F10 cells, as well as melanin content. OXY-SME exhibits stronger inhibitory effects on intracellular tyrosinase activity and melanin production compared to OXY aqueous solution and kojic acid （KA） as a positive control, demonstrating that OXY-SME enhances intracellular whitening activity of OXY. 数据和表 | 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

Select

消费者评价方法在敏感肌适用面霜中的应用 Application of consumer evaluation methods in sensitive skin-friendly facial creams 齐荣, 程党党 2025 (4):  464-471.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2025.04.008 摘要 ( 70 )   HTML ( 13 )   PDF(1343KB) ( 60 )   为了探究敏感肌适用面霜的偏好方向，筛选市售5款人气敏感肌适用面霜产品，通过9点喜好标度、Rate-all-that-apply （RATA）、Ideal profile method （IPM）等多种消费者研究方法从产品喜好度、理想产品、产品特征和情绪赋值等方面进行消费者测试，从多个维度对测试产品进行分析探究。结果表明，契合调查目的从而针对性地选择适用的消费者调查方法并且通过多种方法的结合应用，可以获得较为完整的敏感肌适用面霜开发思路。另外相比常规的消费者喜好度研究，当下消费者较为关注的产品概念、情绪赋值方面的评价也体现出较好的应用价值。 To thoroughly investigate the preferred characteristics of sensitive skin-friendly facial cream, a consumer study was conducted on five popularly marketed creams designed specifically for sensitive skin. The research applied several consumer study methods, including a 9-point hedonic scale, rate-all-that-apply （RATA）, and ideal profile method （IPM）. These tools were utilized to explore aspects such as product appeal, ideal product profiles, product features, and emotional associations, allowing for a comprehensive analysis of the tested products across multiple dimensions. Findings indicate that selecting appropriate consumer survey methods in alignment with the study’s objectives, combined with the application of various techniques, can yield a more complete development strategy for sensitive skin creams. Additionally, compared to traditional consumer preference studies, evaluations focusing on product concepts and emotional associations have shown significant value in consumer decision-making processes. 数据和表 | 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

Select

改性尖晶石催化盐酸四环素降解性能及机理研究 Study on the catalytic degradation of tetracycline hydrochloride by modified spinel and its mechanism 岑凤, 李俊 2025 (4):  472-480.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2025.04.009 摘要 ( 36 )   HTML ( 8 )   PDF(2136KB) ( 17 )   尖晶石光催化剂具有环境友好性和优异的稳定性，在光催化降解抗生素废水方面有着广阔的应用潜力。本研究用水热法制备了铬（Cr）掺杂的ZnAl2O4尖晶石光催化剂，通过XRD、SEM、EDS、FTIR、PL等手段表征了该催化剂的物相结构、微观形貌、光谱性能，以盐酸四环素为降解对象，通过氙灯照射探究了Cr掺杂ZnAl2O4尖晶石光催化剂的催化性能。研究结果表明：水热法制备的ZnAl2O4尖晶石属于正尖晶石结构，ZnAl2O4的形貌为180~400 nm的不规则的块体，具有多孔结构，Cr掺杂后没有改变ZnAl2O4的晶格结构，并且Cr均匀分布在ZnAl2O4中。Cr掺杂到ZnAl2O4后降低了带隙宽度，Zn0.4Cr0.6Al2O4试样的带隙宽度最小仅2.87 eV，光致发光强度显著降低。试样在光照180 min时对盐酸四环素的降解率最高为96.02%，在pH 3的酸性条件下降解率增大至97.95%，该试样循环试验5次后降解率保持在90%以上，具有优异的重复使用性能。 Spinel photocatalysts have environmental friendliness and excellent stability, which have broad application potential in the photocatalytic degradation of antibiotic wastewater. In this work, Cr-doped ZnAl2O4 spinel photocatalyst was prepared by hydrothermal method. The crystal structure, microstructure and spectral properties of the catalyst were characterized by XRD, SEM, EDS, FTIR and PL. Tetracycline hydrochloride was used as the degradation object. The catalytic performance of Cr-doped ZnAl2O4 spinel photocatalyst was investigated under xenon lamp irradiation. The results showed that the ZnAl2O4 spinel prepared by hydrothermal method was of normal spinel structure. The morphology of ZnAl2O4 was irregular blocks of 180-400 nm with porous structure. The lattice structure of ZnAl2O4 was not changed after Cr doping, and Cr was uniformly distributed in ZnAl2O4.The band gap width of Zn0.4Cr0.6Al2O4 was only 2.87 eV, and the photoluminescence intensity of Zn0.4Cr0.6Al2O4 was significantly reduced. The highest percentage of degradation of tetracycline hydrochloride catalyzed by Zn0.4Cr0.6Al2O4 samples at 180 min irradiation was 96.02%, and the degradation percentage was increased to 97.95% at pH 3.The degradation percentage could still maintain above 90% after 5 cycles of testing, indicative of excellent reusability. 数据和表 | 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

Select

无机凝胶强化自生泡沫调剖体系性能研究 Performance evaluation of inorganic gel enhanced in-situ foam profile control system 康小斌, 屈亚宁, 马宝鹏 2025 (4):  481-486.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2025.04.010 摘要 ( 37 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF(1730KB) ( 15 )   为克服常规自生泡沫强度低、调剖能力有限，针对强非均质性储层无法有效封堵高渗层的难题，提出一种无机凝胶强化自生泡沫体系。利用Waring Blender搅拌机、电子显微镜和双填砂管模型研究了体系的泡沫性能和调剖性能，结果表明：无机凝胶强化自生泡沫体系平均粒径为200 μm，析液半衰期达到55.2 min，较常规自生泡沫体系粒径更加细小均匀，稳定性显著增强。常规自生泡沫体系对于渗透率级差为5的并联填砂管模型具有良好的调剖效果，整体采收率可由13%增至30%，但渗透率级差≥10后基本无法动用低渗层；无机凝胶强化自生泡沫体系在不同渗透率级差下都具有良好的调剖效果，渗透率级差≤10时可实现产液率反转，当级差达到15时仍可有效封堵高渗层、启动低渗层，整体采收率可在水驱基础上提高21%。研究结果为在强非均质储层开展自生泡沫调剖提供了参考依据。 Conventional in-situ foams are of poor strength and limited profile control ability, which could not effectively plug the high-permeability layers in highly heterogeneous reservoirs. To solve this problem, in this work, an inorganic gel enhanced in-situ foam system was proposed. The foaming performance and profile control performance of conventional in-situ foam system and inorganic gel enhanced in-situ foam system were both studied by using Waring Blender mixer, electron microscope and double sand-filled tube model. The results showed that, the average particle size of the inorganic gel enhanced in-situ foam system was 200 μm, and the drainage half-life reached 55.2 min, which was smaller and more uniform than that of conventional in-situ foam system and exhibited significantly enhanced stability. Conventional in-situ foam system had good profile control effect for parallel sand-filled tube model with permeability ratio of 5, and the overall recovery factor could be increased from 13% to 30%, but low-permeability layers could hardly be used for permeability ratio≥10. In contrast, the inorganic gel enhanced in-situ foam system had good profile control effect at different permeability levels. When the permeability ratio was≤10, the liquid production rate could be reversed. When the permeability ratio reached 15, the high-permeability layer could still be effectively blocked, and the low-permeability layer could be used. The overall recovery factor could be increased by 21% on the basis of water flooding. This work could provide a reference for conducting in-situ foam profile control in highly heterogeneous reservoirs. 数据和表 | 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

Select

复合眼霜改善眼周早期老化症状的评估研究 Efficacy evaluation of a compound eye cream for early aging symptoms in the periorbital area 叶迎, 叶芳, 魏晓岚, 李亚男 2025 (4):  487-494.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2025.04.011 摘要 ( 68 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF(3558KB) ( 32 )   评估含薰衣草花提取物、二肽-4、抗坏血酸四异棕榈酸酯、齿叶乳香树脂提取物、葡糖基橙皮苷、生育酚烟酸酯、芽孢杆菌发酵产物和咖啡因的眼霜对改善眼周早期衰老症状的人体功效。31名有轻中度黑眼圈、眼周皱纹和眼袋的27~45岁中国女性参加了研究，在眼周涂抹眼霜，每天两次，持续4周。通过非侵入式仪器、皮肤科医生评估以及志愿者自我评估，对使用产品前后的眼周皮肤进行功效评价。结果显示，局部使用眼霜能提亮肤色、改善黑眼圈、眼袋和细纹。使用2周后，黑眼圈区域的黑色素指数、红斑指数、皮肤肤色，眼袋体积和眼周皱纹参数均有了明显的改善，并持续至4周后。皮肤科医生评估、志愿者自评与仪器客观数据具有良好的相关性和一致性。该研究介绍了一种基于仪器定量测量和主观评估的综合评价方法，用于评估黑眼圈和眼袋的改善情况，以期为开发眼周护肤配方提供有价值的思路。 This study aimed to assess the human efficacy of an eye cream formulated with Lavandula angustifolia （lavender） flower extract, dipeptide-4, ascorbyl tetraisopalmitate, Boswellia serrata resin extract, glucosyl hesperidin, tocopheryl nicotinate, bacillus ferment and caffeine for treating early aging symptoms around the eyes. A total of 31 Chinese women aged 27 to 45 years with noticeable dark circles, periorbital wrinkles, and eye bags participated in the study. They applied the eye cream around the eyes twice daily for four weeks. Evaluation of periorbital skin before and after product usage was conducted through non-invasive instrumentation, dermatologist assessment, and subject self-assessment. The results show that partial use of eye cream can significantly brighten skin color, and improve dark circles, eye bags, and fine lines. After 2 weeks of use, there is a significant improvement in the melanin index, erythema index, skin color, eye bag volume, and periorbital wrinkle parameters, which continue to improve up to 4 weeks. It is worth noting that the subjective evaluations by dermatologists and volunteers show good correlation and consistency with the instrument data. This study presents a comprehensive evaluation method based on quantitative instrument measurements and subjective assessments, providing valuable insights for developing eye area skincare formulations. 数据和表 | 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

专论与综述

Select

天然气井排水采气用泡排剂研究进展 Research progress of foam drainage agents for gas well deliquification 范佳宝, 韩薇薇, 刘延强, 刘强, 吕红苗, 董三宝 2025 (4):  495-507.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2025.04.012 摘要 ( 42 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF(4560KB) ( 24 )   泡沫排水采气技术是排除天然气井井底积液的有效方法。近年来，业内已开发出多种泡排剂，但相关进展仍需要进一步梳理。文章首先介绍了泡排剂的起泡与稳泡机理，总结了泡排用表面活性剂的特点及适用性，根据泡排剂构筑方式的不同，将其分为表面活性剂复配型泡排剂、表面活性剂-纳米材料/聚合物复合型泡排剂、超分子作用型泡排剂和刺激响应型泡排剂。文章系统介绍了各类泡排剂的研究进展及其增强泡沫性能的作用机理，最后提出了泡排剂的未来发展趋势。 Foams are often employed as an efficient and cleaner method to remove the liquid accumulated at the bottom of gas wells and consequently promote the production of natural gas. In recent years, various foam drainage agents have been developed for gas well deliquification. In this review, the foaming and stabilizing mechanisms of foam drainage agents were introduced. Additionally, the characteristics and applicabilities of surfactants used as foam drainage agents were summarized. Various foam drainage agents constructed using different methods were comprehensively reviewed, including the foam drainage agents based on compounded surfactants, surfactant-nanomaterials/polymer, supramolecular interactions and stimuli-responsivity. Much effort has been focused on the mechanism of enhancing foam properties. Finally, the challenges and future development trend of foam drainage agents were also prospected. 数据和表 | 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

Select

共聚焦拉曼光谱在皮肤屏障功能评估和经皮吸收研究中的应用 Application of confocal Raman spectroscopy in the evaluation of skin barrier function and permeability 杨武成, 谢宇, 魏剑, 范瑞芳, 谭建华, 席绍峰 2025 (4):  508-515.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2025.04.013 摘要 ( 56 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF(1493KB) ( 30 )   在皮肤研究领域，共聚焦拉曼光谱是一项新兴的分析技术。它可以用于皮肤生理学分析，获得有关皮肤分子组成和结构的数据，并且该技术还具有高空间分辨率、非侵入性以及无需提前对目标物质进行标记（如使用荧光染料标记）的优点。基于以上优点，这项技术具有成为实验室标准化分析技术的巨大潜力。但共聚焦拉曼光谱技术目前仍处在一个不断发展和完善的阶段，文章介绍了共聚焦拉曼光谱的原理，重点强调了该技术的优点，并概述了共聚焦拉曼光谱技术在皮肤研究，特别是皮肤屏障功能和活性物质经皮吸收研究中的应用。同时分析了共聚焦拉曼光谱的局限性，并展望了共聚焦拉曼光谱的未来发展趋势。 Confocal Raman spectroscopy （CRS） is a new analytical technology in the field of percutaneous absorption, which enables physiology analysis to obtain information on the molecular composition and structure of the skin. Due to the advantages of high spatial resolution, non-invasive and non-pretreatment of sample compared to conventional methods, CRS possesses great potential to become a standardized laboratory analytical technique. Currently, the development and application of CRS is still in a stage of improvement. This review focuses on elucidating the principles and the advantages of this technology, and summarizes the application of CRS technique in skin research, including the skin barrier function assessment and permeation research. Furthermore, the limitations of CRS, such as the attenuation of signal and the interference of skin autofluorescence are analyzed, and the challenges and opportunities in CRS technology are also discussed. 数据和表 | 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

Select

香料中香味成分呈香方式及富集技术的研究进展 Research progress on conversion/release mode and enrichment methods of fragrance components in spices 侯文成, 刘洋洋 2025 (4):  516-521.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2025.04.014 摘要 ( 75 )   HTML ( 8 )   PDF(1102KB) ( 23 )   香料在香精日化、食品、医药等多个行业领域均有广泛应用，作为一种工业添加剂，具有微量高效的加工特点。受限于其添加量微、浓度低，所以明确香料中目标香味成分的转化/释放形式、选择适宜的分析检测前富集方法对加香产品的研发和香料的高效使用具有重要意义。文章通过综述近些年国内外关于香料在加香产品生产、使用和检测中的主要研究成果，分析了香味成分在加香产品中的主要转化/释放形式，以及其分析检测中常用的主要富集技术，并对其优缺点、影响因素及选择条件进行了进一步讨论分析。旨在为香料的使用、检测技术开发，及提升加香产品质量、价值提供理论指导。 Spices are widely used in various industries such as fragrances, daily chemicals, food, and pharmaceuticals. As an industrial additive, they are characterized by their efficiency in trace amounts. Due to the limited addition amounts and low concentrations, it is crucial to understand the transformation/release forms of the target aroma components in spices and to select appropriate enrichment methods for detection. This is significant for the development of fragrant products and the efficient use of spices. This paper reviews the main research findings from recent years, both domestically and internationally, on the production, usage, and detection of fragrant products containing spices. It summarizes and analyzes the main transformation/release forms of aroma components in fragrant products and the common enrichment methods used in their analysis and detection. Additionally, the paper discusses the advantages, disadvantages, influencing factors, and selection criteria of these methods. The aim is to provide theoretical guidance for the use of spices, the development of detection techniques, and the improvement of the quality and value of fragrant products. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

Select

家庭理念视角下产品包装设计研究——以儿童日用品为例 Research on product packaging design from the perspective of family philosophy: taking children’s daily necessities as an example 傅兴, 陈浩然 2025 (4):  522-530.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2025.04.015 摘要 ( 41 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF(2894KB) ( 19 )   随着时代的发展和人们生活水平的提高，消费者对产品包装的要求日益增长。家庭理念作为家庭文化的核心，深刻影响着家庭成员的消费观念和行为。本研究以儿童日用品包装为例，从家庭理念的视角出发，对产品包装设计进行深入探讨。首先，基于对家庭理念、儿童生理、心理行为特点阐述，讨论了家庭理念与儿童日用品的包装设计的关联性；然后，总结了家庭理念下儿童日用品包装设计应遵循的设计原则；最后，结合对典型的儿童日用品的包装设计实践的分析，提出应注重包装属性、环保理念、情感联结、个性化定制等设计策略，以期为相关产品包装设计实践提供有益参考。 With the development of the times and the improvement of people’s living standards, consumers have increasingly higher requirements for product packaging. Family philosophy, as the core of family culture, deeply influences the consumption concepts and behaviors of family members. This study takes the packaging of children’s daily necessities as an example and explores product packaging design in depth from the perspective of family philosophy. Firstly, based on the explanation of family philosophy, children’s physiological and psychological behavior characteristics, the correlation between family philosophy and packaging design of children’s daily necessities is discussed. Then, the design principles that children’s daily necessities packaging design should follow under the family concept are summarized. Finally, based on the analysis of typical packaging design practices for children’s daily necessities, it is proposed to pay attention to design strategies such as packaging attributes, environmental protection concepts, emotional connections, and personalized customization. This paper aims to provide useful reference for the packaging design practice of related products. 数据和表 | 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

分析与检测

Select

UPLC-MS/MS法测定美白化妆品中10种植物原料指标性成分 Determination of 10 indicative components from plant materials in whitening cosmetics by UPLC-MS/MS 黄炜东 2025 (4):  531-538.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2025.04.016 摘要 ( 215 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF(1207KB) ( 42 )   建立同时测定美白化妆品中10种植物原料指标性成分的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱（UPLC-MS/MS）方法。样品经80%（体积分数）甲醇水溶液超声提取后，采用Phenomenex Kinetex F5（3.0 mm×100 mm，2.6 μm）色谱柱进行分离，以0.1%甲酸水溶液-乙腈为流动相进行梯度洗脱。质谱采用电喷雾离子源（ESI），正、负离子同时扫描，多反应监测（MRM）模式进行检测。结果表明，10种指标性成分在各自的质量浓度范围内线性关系均良好（r>0.99），检出限（LOD）为0.07~1.93 μg/kg，定量限（LOQ）为0.22~6.42 μg/kg。在低、中、高3个质量浓度水平下，水基类、膏霜类、乳液类和面膜类基质样品中10种指标性成分的回收率为80.5%~122.5%，相对标准偏差（RSD）为1.3%~10.1% （n=6）。该方法准确灵敏，前处理简单，适用于多种基质类型的美白化妆品中多种植物原料指标性成分的定性鉴别及定量测定。 A method for simultaneous determination of 10 indicative components from plant materials in whitening cosmetics by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry （UPLC-MS/MS） was established. The sample was extracted by ultrasonic extraction using 80% methanol, then separated on a Phenomenex Kinetex F5 column （3.0 mm×100 mm, 2.6 μm） by gradient elution using 0.1% formic acid solution and acetonitrile as the mobile phases. The mass spectrometry was detected using electrospray ionization source （ESI）, positive and negative ion simultaneous scanning and multiple reaction monitoring （MRM） mode. The results show that there are good linear relationships for 10 indicative components in their respective mass concentration rangers with the correlation coefficients （r） larger than 0.99. The limits of detection （LOD） are in the ranges of 0.07-1.93 μg/kg and the limits of quantitation （LOQ） are in the ranges of 0.22-6.42 μg/kg. The recoveries of toner, cream, emulsion and mask samples at three spiked levels for 10 indicative components are 80.5%-122.5%, with the relative standard deviations （RSD） of 1.3%-10.1% （n=6）. With the advantages of accuracy, high sensitivity and simplicity, this method is suitable for qualitative identification and quantitative analysis of various indicative components from plant materials in various matrix types of whitening cosmetics. 数据和表 | 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标