根据依数性计算碳点的分子量及其在估算表面吸附量上的应用

doi:10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2025.04.003

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

自2004年发现碳点（CDs）以来，碳点独特的光致发光现象受到了广泛关注。然而，由于碳点在原子上是不精确的，且其分子量分布较宽，目前还没有合理地量化碳点的分子量。文章制备了一系列Pluronic改性碳点，并简要分析了碳点的结构。随后，开发了一种基于依数性的分子量测量方法，并简要分析了算法中的校正系数，计算出的分子量用于测定表面吸附量。文章提供了一种平均原子不精确颗粒材料分子量的方法，有望为相关领域带来新的机遇。

关键词: 碳点, 分子量, 依数性, 表面吸附量

Abstract:

Since the discovery of carbon dots （CDs） in 2004, the unique photoluminescence phenomenon of CDs has attracted widespread attention. However, the molecular weight of CDs has not been adequately quantified at present, due to CDs are atomically imprecise and their molecular weight distribution is broad. In this paper, a series of Pluronic-modified CDs were prepared and the structure of the CDs was briefly analyzed. Subsequently, a molecular weight measurement method based on colligative properties was developed, and the correction coefficient in the algorithm was briefly analyzed. The calculated molecular weight was applied to the determination of surface adsorption capacity. This work provided a method for averaging the molecular weight of atomically imprecise particulate materials, which is expected to provide new opportunities in related fields.

Key words: carbon dots, molecular weight, colligative properties, surface adsorption capacity

中图分类号:

TQ423

孙婷, 梁馨支, 庞明昊, 辛霞, 冯宁, 李洪光. 根据依数性计算碳点的分子量及其在估算表面吸附量上的应用[J]. 日用化学工业（中英文）, 2025, 55(4): 422-429.

Ting Sun, Xinzhi Liang, Minghao Pang, Xia Xin, Ning Feng, Hongguang Li. The molecular weight of carbon dots calculated from colligative properties and their application in estimating surface adsorption capacity[J]. China Surfactant Detergent & Cosmetics, 2025, 55(4): 422-429.

图/表 10

参考文献 30

[1]	Xu Xiaoyou, Ray R, Gu Yanlong, et al. Electrophoretic analysis and purification of fluorescent single-walled carbon nanotube fragments[J]. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2004, 126(40): 12736-12737. doi: 10.1021/ja040082h pmid: 15469243
[2]	Xiao Meng, Liu Zhonggang, Xu Ningxia, et al. A smartphone-based sensing system for on-site quantitation of multiple heavy metal ions using fluorescent carbon nanodots-based microarrays[J]. ACS Sensors, 2020, 5(3): 870-878. doi: 10.1021/acssensors.0c00219 pmid: 32141287
[3]	Zhang Yanan, Zhang Xingwei, Shi Yanping, et al. The synthesis and functional study of multicolor nitrogen-doped carbon dots for live cell nuclear imaging[J]. Molecules, 2020, 25(2): 306.
[4]	Zhao Biao, Tan Zhanao. Fluorescent carbon dots: fantastic electroluminescent materials for light-emitting diodes[J]. Advanced Science, 2021, 8(7): 2001977.
[5]	Russo Christophe, Ciajolo Anna, Stanzione Fernando, et al. Separation and online optical characterization of fluorescent components of pyrogenic carbons for carbon dots identification[J]. Carbon, 2023, 209: 118009.
[6]	Russo Christophe, Carpentieri Andrea, Tregrossi A, et al. Blue, green and yellow carbon dots derived from pyrogenic carbon: Structure and fluorescence behaviour[J]. Carbon, 2023, 201: 900-909.
[7]	Kozak Ondrej, Datta Kasibhatta Kumara Ramanatha, Greplova Monika, et al. Surfactant-derived amphiphilic carbon dots with tunable photoluminescence[J]. Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 2013, 117(47): 24991-24996.
[8]	Seven Elif S, Sharma Shiv Kumar, Meziane Dihya, et al. Close-packed langmuir monolayers of saccharide-based carbon dots at the air-subphase interface[J]. Langmuir, 2019, 35(20): 6708-6718. doi: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b00920 pmid: 31039318
[9]	Zhou Yiqun, Liyanage Piumi Yasodha, Devadoss Dinesh, et al. Nontoxic amphiphilic carbon dots as promising drug nanocarriers across the blood-brain barrier and inhibitors of β-amyloid[J]. Nanoscale, 2019, 11(46): 22387-22397. doi: 10.1039/c9nr08194a pmid: 31730144
[10]	Kaur Navneet, Mehta Akansha, Mishra Amit, et al. Amphiphilic carbon dots derived by cationic surfactant for selective and sensitive detection of metal ions[J]. Materials Science&Engineering C: Materials for Biological Applications, 2019, 95: 72-77.
[11]	Lu Weiwei, Liu Yun, Zhang Zhiying, et al. Dual emissive amphiphilic carbon dots as ratiometric fluorescent probes for the determination of critical micelle concentration of surfactants[J]. Analytical Methods, 2022, 14(6): 672-677.
[12]	Rajendran Sathish, Bhunia Susanta Kumar. Bright red fluorescent amphiphilic carbon dots as dualphase and visual sensor for selective detection of As³⁺ in aqueous environment[J]. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 2023, 661: 130882.
[13]	Jiao Guili, Jiao Xiaoyun, Hua Yuxia, et al. Mass spectra characteristics of chiral tertiary amines and quarternary ammonium salts derivated from chloamphenicol[J]. Journal of Chinese Mass Spectrometry Society, 2004, 25(2): 100-102.
[14]	Li Rong, Liang Heng. Bio-mass spectrometry—the key technique for the proteome research[J]. Chemistry, 2002, 65(11): 748-751, 757.
[15]	Reuter Joern Hendrik, Perdue E Michael. Calculation of molecular weights of humic substances from colligative data: Application to aquatic humus and its molecular size fractions[J]. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 1981, 45(11): 2017-2022.
[16]	Rong Yan, Sillick Matthew, Gregson Christopher M. Determination of dextrose equivalent value and number average molecular weight of maltodextrin by osmometry[J]. Journal of Food Science, 2009, 74(1): C33-C40.
[17]	Rietveld Ivo B, Smit Julia A M. Colligative and viscosity properties of poly (propylene imine) dendrimers in methanol[J]. Macromolecules, 1999, 32(14): 4608-4614.
[18]	Li Jun, Ni Xiping, Zhou Zhihan, et al. Preparation and characterization of polypseudorotaxanes based on block-selected inclusion complexation between poly (propylene oxide)-poly (ethylene oxide)-poly (propylene oxide) triblock copolymers and α-cyclodextrin [J]. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2003, 125(7): 1788-1795.
[19]	Singla Pankaj, Parokie Gloria, Garg Saweta, et al. Enhancing encapsulation of hydrophobic phyto-drugs naringenin and baicalein in polymeric nano-micelles[J]. Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology, 2023, 83: 104403.
[20]	Gao Ruijun, Yao Yan, Wang Ling, et al. Fabrication and characterization of graphene oxide modified polycarboxylic by in situ polymerization[J]. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 2020, 137(4): 48316.
[21]	Nahrwold Michael L, Archer Philip G, Cohen Ptter J. Estimation of an equation relating saturated vapor pressure to temperature[J]. Anesthesiology, 1973, 39(4): 444-446. pmid: 4758353
[22]	Li Jun, Zhao Guang. Deep design of basic chemistry experiments in the field of medicine based on the numerical properties of dilute solutions[J]. Continuing Medical Education, 2022, 36(11): 9-12.
[23]	Mabesoone Mathijs F J, Palmans Anja R A, Meijer Edbert W. Solute-solvent interactions in modern physical organic chemistry: supramolecular polymers as a muse[J]. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2020, 142(47): 19781-19798. doi: 10.1021/jacs.0c09293 pmid: 33174741
[24]	Mousavi Nayereh Sadat, Miller Reinhard, Schneck Emanuel. General adsorption isotherm for polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers CnEOm adsorbed at the water/air surface[J]. Journal of Molecular Liquids, 2023, 375: 121314.
[25]	Khossravi Davar, Connors Katie Ann. Solvent effects on chemical processes. 3.Surface tension of binary aqueous organic solvents[J]. Journal of Solution Chemistry, 1993, 22(4): 321-330.
[26]	Terekhov Viktor I, Nikolay Shishkin. Influence of a surfactant on evaporation intensity of suspended water droplets[J]. Colloid Journal, 2021, 83(1): 135-141.
[27]	Yang Yin, Zhao Mingwei, Lai Lu. Surface activity, micellization, and application of nano-surfactants-amphiphilic carbon dots[J]. Carbon, 2022, 202: 398-413.
[28]	Wang Guoyong, Qu Wenshan, Du Zhiping, et al. Adsorption and aggregation behavior of tetrasiloxane-tailed surfactants containing oligo (ethylene oxide) methyl ether and a sugar moiety[J]. Journal of Physical Chemistry, 2011, 115(14): 3811-3818.
[29]	Radke Clayton J. Gibbs adsorption equation for planar fluid-fluid interfaces: Invariant formalism[J]. Advances in Colloid and Interface Science, 2015, 222: 600-614. doi: 10.1016/j.cis.2014.01.001 pmid: 24472562
[30]	Feng Ning, Zhao Ting, Zhao Yonghong, et al. Adsorption and aggregation behavior of aliphatic alcohol polyoxyethylene ether phosphate with different ethylene oxide addition numbers[J]. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 2020, 586: 124215.

	d m/d t	p^s	p^m
40 ℃	0.171 12	1 253
50 ℃	0.297 65	1 733	1 765
55 ℃	0.398 17	2 000	2 112
60 ℃	0.534 64	2 533

	d m/d t	M_w	p^m	k
F127	0.469 95	12 400	2 340	408 177
F68	0.446 87	8 400	2 268	379 146
P123	0.464 72	5 800	2 324	206 862

	d m/d t	p^m	k	M_eq
F127-CDs	0.476 75	2 361	408 177	13 902
F68-CDs	0.463 39	2 319	379 146	10 425
P123-CDs	0.483 21	2 380	206 862	7 856

Samples	cmc/ （mol/L）	γ_cmc/ （mN/m）	pc₂₀	Γ_m/ （μmol/m²）	A_min/ nm²
F127-CDs	3.81×10^-5	32.89	3.32	0.78	2.12
F127	6.86×10^-4	36.50	2.63	0.54	3.08
F68-CDs	3.18×10^-4	39.89	2.52	0.65	2.56
F68	1.44×10^-4	46.31	1.92	0.33	5.07
P123-CDs	4.20×10^-7	35.54	3.34	3.70	0.45
P123	6.55×10^-7	36.44	3.56	2.16	0.77