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2025年, 第55卷, 第5期　刊出日期：2025-05-22 上一期    下一期

特邀专稿

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基于改进Stöber法合成的单分散二氧化硅纳米粒子及其应用评述 Synthesis of monodisperse silica nanoparticles via modified Stöber method and their applications: A review 修石健, 暴也儒, 权波 2025 (5):  539-547.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2025.05.001 摘要 ( 67 )   HTML ( 357 )   PDF(2390KB) ( 18 )   二氧化硅纳米粒子是一种极其重要的无机材料，具有比表面积大、表面吸附能力强、无毒、物理化学稳定性强等一系列优点，在吸附、陶瓷、催化、医药、日用化工等领域具有巨大应用潜力而受到广泛关注。Stöber法是一种非常有效的溶胶-凝胶策略，常被用作生产具有高度可定制尺寸和表面性能的均匀单分散二氧化硅纳米粒子。不同尺寸的二氧化硅纳米粒子理化性质有所变化，根据不同领域的需求，对二氧化硅纳米粒子的粒径有着不同要求，因此，为满足这些需求，逐渐在Stöber法的基础上发展出了许多改进方案，以获得尺寸范围更大、粒径更加均一、形态更多样化的二氧化硅纳米粒子。本文在简要介绍二氧化硅纳米粒子的基础上，重点介绍了Stöber法和其改进方案，以及基于改进Stöber法合成的二氧化硅纳米粒子在日用化学工业和生物医药方面的应用。旨在为相关领域提供一些参考。 Among various inorganic materials, silica nanoparticles have gained considerable attention due to their remarkable characteristics, including large specific surface area, strong surface adsorption capacity, non-toxic nature, and excellent physicochemical stability. These unique properties render them particularly advantageous for diverse applications spanning adsorption processes, ceramic engineering, catalytic systems, pharmaceutical development, and daily chemical industries, which has driven extensive research efforts in recent decades. The Stöber method, recognized as a benchmark sol-gel technique, has been widely adopted for synthesizing highly uniform, monodisperse silica nanoparticles with precisely controllable particle sizes and tailorable surface properties. Given that the physicochemical characteristics of silica nanoparticles exhibit strong size-dependent behavior, and considering the varying size requirements across different application fields, numerous modified Stöber-based strategies have been developed to engineer silica nanoparticles with optimized dimensions, narrower size distributions, and sophisticated morphological architectures. This review provides a comprehensive overview of advanced Stöber synthesis methodologies. Special emphasis is placed on emerging applications of these engineered nanoparticles in biomedical technologies and innovative daily chemical formulations. Through systematic analysis, this work aims to establish theoretical frameworks and practical guidelines for designing silica nanoparticle-based functional materials that address evolving industrial challenges. 数据和表 | 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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MOFs功能化三聚氰胺海绵柱结合高效液相色谱法测定化妆品中对羟基苯甲酸酯类防腐剂 MOFs-Functionalized melamine sponge columns combined with high-performance liquid chromatography for determination of parabens in cosmetics 马品一, 李靖康, 高德江, 宋大千 2025 (5):  548-553.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2025.05.002 摘要 ( 43 )   HTML ( 315 )   PDF(1203KB) ( 23 )   建立了一种利用功能化三聚氰胺海绵（MeS）作为样品前处理材料的高效液相色谱分析方法，用于定量测定化妆品中对羟基苯甲酸酯类（PBs）防腐剂。通过利用聚偏氟乙烯的粘接性能，将金属有机骨架材料—MIL-68（Al）与MeS结合，制备了一种高效吸附材料—MIL-68（Al）/MeS。将MIL-68（Al）/MeS作为固相萃取材料对样品溶液进行提取，结合高效液相色谱，应用于化妆品样品中4种PBs的提取和检测分析。结果显示，该方法的检出限为0.24~0.43 ng/mL，线性范围为5.00~200.00 ng/mL。日内和日间精密度分别为91.8%~98.4%和101.4%~107.9%，相对标准偏差（RSD）<11.6%。该方法无需离心和过滤步骤，在保证高回收率的前提下，简化了样品前处理过程，是一种便捷高效的化妆品中防腐剂含量测定方法，也适合作为大学仪器分析课程的开放创新实验。 This study developed a high-performance liquid chromatography （HPLC） method that leverages a functionalized melamine sponge as a sample pre-treatment material for the quantitative determination of paraben preservatives （PBs） in cosmetics. Utilizing the adhesive properties of polyvinylidene fluoride, the metal-organic framework material, MIL-68（Al）, was effectively combined with melamine sponge （MeS） to create an efficient adsorbent, MIL-68（Al）/MeS. This novel material was used as a solid-phase extraction medium to isolate and quantify four types of PBs from various cosmetic samples. The method demonstrates excellent analytical performance, characterized by detection limits ranging from 0.24 to 0.43 ng/mL and a broad linear range of 5.00 to 200.00 ng/mL. The developed method exhibits robust intra-day and inter-day precision with recovery rates between 91.8%-98.4% and 101.4%-107.9%, respectively, and maintained a relative standard deviation （RSD） below 11.6%. Notably, this analytical procedure eliminates the need for centrifugation and filtration steps, significantly simplifying the sample preparation process while ensuring high recovery rates. The MIL-68（Al）/MeS composite is not only effective in adsorbing the target analytes but also enhances the efficiency of the extraction process. By reducing the complexity and time required for sample preparation, this method offers a practical and effective approach to ensuring product safety and compliance with regulatory standards. It also holds potential as an educational tool in analytical chemistry, providing a hands-on experience for undergraduate students through innovative experiments. 数据和表 | 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

基础研究

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多羟基阳离子表面活性剂与AES混合体系的相互作用、表面活性和应用 Interactions, surface activity and applications of the mixed system of polyhydroxy cationic surfactant and AES 高帅, 姜亚洁, 张璐, 李俊, 王亚魁, 王志飞, 耿涛 2025 (5):  554-562.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2025.05.003 摘要 ( 51 )   HTML ( 13 )   PDF(1948KB) ( 22 )   探讨了多羟基阳离子表面活性剂MDAE与阴离子表面活性剂直链脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钠（AES）复配后的性能变化，重点分析了不同配比下复配体系的界面活性、表面张力、临界胶束浓度（cmc）、润湿性和泡沫稳定性等特性。结果显示，复配后体系的cmc显著降低，表面活性和界面活性明显增强，表现出显著的协同增效作用。在较佳复配比例下（n（MDAE） ∶n（AES）=1∶9），体系展现了良好的泡沫稳定性和较强的润湿能力。研究表明，多羟基阳离子表面活性剂与AES的协同作用能显著提升表面活性和应用性能，具有广阔的工业应用前景。 The performance of the mixtures of a polyhydroxy cationic surfactant, MDAE, and an anionic surfactant, sodium fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sulfate （AES）, was studied. The interfacial activity, surface tension, critical micelle concentration （cmc）, wetting ability and foam stability of the mixed system at different mixing ratios were measured. The results showed that, compared with single surfactants, the cmc of the mixed system significantly decreased, and both surface and interfacial activities were notably enhanced, indicative of significant synergistic effect. At the optimal mixing ratio （n（MDAE） ∶n（AES）=1∶9）, the mixed system exhibited good foam stability and strong wetting ability. This work indicated that the synergism between MDAE and AES could significantly improve the surface activity and application performance, and the mixed system had great potential for industrial applications. 数据和表 | 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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卵磷脂体系形成液晶的相行为研究 Study of the phase behavior of liquid crystals formed in lecithin systems 张婉萍, 陈婕, 王珊珊, 顾洁, 吕智, 张倩洁 2025 (5):  563-572.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2025.05.004 摘要 ( 52 )   HTML ( 9 )   PDF(3371KB) ( 23 )   研究卵磷脂体系的相行为，即研究卵磷脂在不同条件下的相变和分子间相互作用行为形成的聚集体结构，对于液晶体系的形成机制具有重要意义。为了明确大豆卵磷脂自身形成液晶结构的规律性，本文利用二元相图的形式研究了助乳化剂对不同质量分数卵磷脂在不同温度下的相态变化，结果表明常温下质量分数为20%~35%的大豆卵磷脂复配胆固醇可以形成规则明亮的“马耳他十字”液晶。通过拟三元相图研究了油脂种类及含量对卵磷脂体系形成液晶结构的影响，研究发现单一油脂中酯类油脂（GTCC、JOJOBA）有助于液晶结构乳状液的形成，添加16%~20%的复合油脂（m（白油）∶m（GTCC）∶m（JOJOBA）=1∶1∶1）所形成的相图中液晶结构乳液面积最大，液晶结构明亮。同时，振荡流变测试证明液晶乳液的线性黏弹范围大于普通乳液，具有更好的稳定性。 The studies of the phase behavior of lecithin systems are of great significance for understanding the formation mechanism of liquid crystal systems. Such studies include the phase transition under different conditions as well as the aggregate structure induced by intermolecular interactions. To find the rule for the formation of liquid crystal structure of soybean lecithin, the effects of co-emulsifiers on the phase changes for different mass fractions of lecithin at different temperatures were investigated in the form of binary phase diagrams. The results showed that after mixed with cholesterol, soybean lecithin at mass fraction range of 20%-35% at room temperature could form liquid crystal exhibiting regular and bright Maltese crosses. The effects of oil type and content on the formation of liquid crystal structure of lecithin systems were studied by pseudo-ternary phase diagram. It was found that for the case of a single oil, those ester oils （e.g., GTCC and JOJOBA） would contribute to the formation of liquid crystal structure in the emulsion. The phase region of liquid crystal-structured emulsion was the largest area for the case of 16%-20% mixed oils （m（white oil）∶m（GTCC）∶m（JOJOBA）=1∶1∶1）, and the Maltese crosses denoting liquid crystal structure were bright. The oscillatory rheological test showed that the linear viscoelastic region of liquid crystal emulsion was larger than that of ordinary emulsion, indicative of better stability. 数据和表 | 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

开发与应用

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CdS/g-C3N4复合材料的制备及对刚果红的光催化降解 Preparation of a CdS/g-C3N4 composite and its performance in photocatalytic degradation of congo red 朱砚, 李薇, 邱小燕 2025 (5):  573-580.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2025.05.005 摘要 ( 46 )   HTML ( 10 )   PDF(1484KB) ( 15 )   以硫化镉（CdS）和石墨相氮化碳（g-C3N4）作为前驱体通过水热法制备了CdS/g-C3N4复合材料。CdS/g-C3N4复合材料具有较高的比表面积和丰富的介孔结构，平均晶粒尺寸为11.0 nm，带隙能2.43 eV。紫外可见漫反射光谱出现明显的红移，光谱吸收范围变得更加广泛。荧光光谱典型发射峰强度明显低于纯相材料，实现了光电子-空穴的高效分离。将刚果红（CR）染料作为目标靶污染物进行光催化实验，CdS/g-C3N4复合材料30 mg投加量，pH=7.0，100 mL质量浓度20 mg/L的CR染料溶液去除率为95.99%，且CdS/g-C3N4复合材料表现出良好的稳定性。机理分析表明S型电荷转移机制内电场和高活性超氧自由基（·O2-）等自由基协同作用下实现了CR染料的高效降解。 A CdS/g-C3N4 composite was prepared by hydrothermal method using cadmium sulfide （CdS） and graphitic carbon nitride （g-C3N4） as precursors. This CdS/g-C3N4 composite material had high specific surface area and rich mesoporous structure. The average grain size was 11.0 nm and the band gap energy was 2.43 eV. The UV-visible diffuse reflectance spectrum showed a significant red shift, and the spectral absorption range became wider. The typical emission peak intensity in fluorescence spectrum was significantly lower than that of the pure-phase material, which realized the efficient photoelectron-hole separation. Congo red （CR） dye was used as the target pollutant to carry out photocatalytic experiments. When 30 mg CdS/g-C3N4 composite was added to 100 mL of CR dye solution with a mass concentration of 20 mg/L at pH of 7.0, the removal percentage of CR was 95.99%, and the CdS/g-C3N4 composite material showed good stability. Mechanism analysis showed that the efficient degradation of CR dye was achieved under the synergistic effect of electric field and highly active superoxide anion radicals （·O2-） in the S-scheme charge transfer mechanism. 数据和表 | 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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白花蛇舌草提取液对日光性皮炎小鼠的保护作用及机制研究 Protective effect and mechanism of Hedyotis diffusa extract on mice with solar dermatitis 马悦文, 李小静, 黄雪锋, 陈贤, 王春丽 2025 (5):  581-590.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2025.05.006 摘要 ( 59 )   HTML ( 12 )   PDF(7690KB) ( 23 )   研究白花蛇舌草提取液对紫外线B（UVB）诱导的日光性皮炎小鼠的抗氧化和抗炎作用。使用KM小鼠进行UVB照射7天，同时外涂质量分数1%和2%的白花蛇舌草提取液进行治疗。对小鼠皮肤组织进行苏木精-伊红染色（HE）染色、苦味酸-酸性品红法（VG）染色观察小鼠皮肤状态。通过生化和免疫组化检测皮肤组织中氧化应激指标NOS、NO、T-SOD以及炎症指标TNF-α、IL-6、IL-1β水平，通过qRT-PCR和Western blotting检测皮肤组织中Nrf2、Keap1、HO-1、NQO1、GCLC、NF-κB、HMGB1、p65的mRNA或蛋白表达水平。结果表明，与UVB组对比，白花蛇舌草提取液1%组和2%组小鼠皮肤损伤程度有所改善，胶原纤维排列整齐，胶原密度升高，NOS、NO水平降低、T-SOD水平提高，TNF-α、IL-6、IL-1β表达水平降低，皮肤组织中Nrf2、Keap1、HO-1、NQO1、GCLC的mRNA表达水平升高，NF-κB、HMGB1 mRNA表达水平降低，皮肤组织中Nrf2、Keap1、HO-1、NQO1、GCLC、p65的蛋白相对表达量升高，HMGB1的蛋白表达水平降低。可见，白花蛇舌草提取液可以改善UVB介导的小鼠日光性皮炎，其抗氧化抗炎机制可能与Nrf2和NF-κB信号通路有关。 The paper aimed to study the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of Hedyotis diffusa extract on mice with ultraviolet B （UVB）-induced solar dermatitis. KM mice were subjected to UVB irradiation for 7 days, which were also treated with topical application of 1% and 2% Hedyotis diffusa extract. Hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining, and picric acid-acidic magenta method （VG） staining were performed to observe the state of mouse skin. The levels of oxidative stress indicators NOS, NO, T-SOD, and inflammation indicators TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β were detected by biochemistry and immunohistochemistry, and the mRNA or protein levels of Nrf2, Keap1, HO-1, NQO1, GCLC, NF-κB, HMGB1 and p65 were detected by qRT-PCR and western blotting in skin tissues. Compared with the UVB group, the degree of skin damage in mice in the 1% and 2% Hedyotis diffusa extract groups is improved, with collagen fibers aligned, collagen density increased, NOS and NO levels decreased, T-SOD levels increased, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β expression levels decreased, mRNA expression levels of Nrf2, Keap1, HO-1, NQO1, and GCLC in skin tissue increased, NF-κB, HMGB1 mRNA expression levels decreased, the relative protein expression levels of Nrf2, Keap1, HO-1, NQO1, GCLC, and p65 in skin tissues increased, and the protein expression level of HMGB1 decreased. It can be seen that Hedyotis diffusa extract can ameliorate UVB-mediated solar dermatitis in mice, and its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanism may be related to Nrf2 and NF-κB signaling pathway. 数据和表 | 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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油醇烷氧基化物的合成与性能研究 Synthesis and properties of oleyl alcohol alkoxylates 李萍, 张政委, 柴杰, 任培毓, 王硕昱, 孙佳怡 2025 (5):  591-600.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2025.05.007 摘要 ( 43 )   HTML ( 14 )   PDF(4292KB) ( 14 )   以油醇为原料经烷氧基化反应合成了油醇聚氧乙烯醚（OEn, n=3, 5, 7）和油醇聚氧乙烯聚氧丙烯醚（OE3P3），对其表面活性、润湿性、乳化性、泡沫性及以其为乳化剂制备的液晶型乳液的性质进行了研究。结果表明，OEn的临界胶束浓度（cmc）随着分子中EO加合数的增多而减小，其临界胶束浓度时的表面张力（γcmc）为33~34 mN/m，OE3P3的表面活性与OE3相差不大。随着OEn分子结构中EO加合数的增加，其动态表面活性、润湿性增强；与OE3和OE7相比，OE5具有较低的乳化性和较高稳泡性，在OE3分子中引入PO基团可以提高其动态表面活性、润湿性和乳化性，但会显著降低其稳泡性。以油醇烷氧基化物为乳化剂制备的乳液都形成了层状液晶且属于剪切变稀体系，加入OE3的乳液体系具有较好的稳定性。 Oleyl alcohol polyoxyethylene ethers （OEn, n=3, 5, 7） and oleyl alcohol polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene ether （OE3P3） were synthesized from oleyl alcohol by alkoxylation. Their surface activity, and wetting, emulsifying and foaming properties were studied, as well as the properties of those liquid crystal emulsions prepared with them as emulsifiers. The results showed that the apparent critical micelle concentration （cmc） of OEn decreased with the increase of EO addition number, and the surface tension （γcmc） at the apparent critical micelle concentration was 33-34 mN/m. The surface activity of OE3P3 was quite close to that of OE3. As the EO addition number of OEn was increased, the dynamic surface activity and wetting ability were enhanced. Compared with OE3 and OE7, OE5 exhibited lower emulsifying ability and higher foam stability. Introducing PO groups into OE3 molecule could improve its dynamic surface activity, wetting ability, and emulsifying ability, but significantly reduce its foam stability. All emulsions prepared with these oleyl alcohol alkoxylates as emulsifiers formed lamellar liquid crystals and behaved as shear-thinning system. The emulsion added with OE3 had good stability. 数据和表 | 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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芹菜素和原花青素舒缓敏感肌肤的作用机制 Mechanism of the action of apigenin and proanthocyanidins in alleviating sensitive skin 魏来娇, 邓榕榕, 郑诗倩, 李珞炫, 王科证, 沈志滨 2025 (5):  601-610.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2025.05.008 摘要 ( 63 )   HTML ( 14 )   PDF(2726KB) ( 16 )   为研究芹菜素（API）和原花青素（PC）舒缓敏感肌肤（SS）的作用机制，用钙离子载体A23187刺激RBL-2H3细胞建立肥大细胞脱颗粒模型。通过联合实验发现，当API和PC以摩尔比4∶1和2∶1组合时拮抗组胺释放表现为拮抗作用（CI>1）；当API和PC以摩尔比1∶1、1∶2和1∶4组合时拮抗组胺释放表现为协同作用（CI<1），其中API和PC以摩尔比1∶1组合时具有较佳的协同抗组胺释放作用（CI=0.70），组胺是肥大细胞脱颗粒的标志，表明API和PC以摩尔比1∶1联用时抑制肥大细胞脱颗粒的效率较佳，此时IC50值最小，与API单药使用相比，IC50下调了11.150 µmol/L；与PC单药使用相比，IC50下调了6.503 µmol/L。与阳性药丹皮酚（PA）相比，经过组合物处理后，β-hex分泌显著减少；F-actin细胞骨架重排减少；TNF-α、IL-4和MCP-1释放显著降低。对肥大细胞脱颗粒相关信号通路进行研究发现，组合物有效抑制细胞内Ca2+内流并显著抑制钙调蛋白依赖性蛋白激酶（CaMK）和磷脂酶C/蛋白激酶C（PLC/PKC）的磷酸化。综上，API和PC以摩尔比1∶1联用时具有较佳的协同拮抗组胺释放作用，能通过减少Ca2+内流并抑制Ca2+/CaMK和PLC/PKC通路激活，抑制肥大细胞脱颗粒模型活化，稳定细胞膜、调节炎症因子分泌，发挥舒缓敏感肌的作用。 To investigate the mechanisms of apigenin （API） and proanthocyanidins （PC） in soothing sensitive skin （SS）, a mast cell degranulation model was established by stimulating RBL-2H3 cells with the calcium ionophore A23187. Based on the combinatorial experiments, it was found that when API and PC were combined at the molar ratios of 4∶1 and 2∶1, they exhibited the antagonistic effects on histamine release （combination index CI>1）; when they are combined at the molar ratios of 1∶1, 1∶2 or 1∶4, they showed the synergistic effects on histamine release （CI<1）. Among them, the combination of API and PC at a molar ratio of 1∶1 showed the better potent synergistic antihistamine release effect （CI=0.70）. Histamine is a hallmark of the mast cell degranulation, consequently, the combination of API and PC at a molar ratio of 1∶1 yields the better efficiency in inhibiting the mast cell degranulation with the lowest IC50 value. Compared to the utilization of API or PC alone, the IC50 value was reduced by 11.150 and 6.503 µmol/L, respectively. Compared to the positive control paeonol （PA）, the treatment with the combination significantly reduced the β-hex secretion, decreased the F-actin cytoskeleton rearrangement, and markedly suppressed the release of TNF-α, IL-4, and MCP-1. Further studies on the signaling pathways related to the mast cell degranulation indicated that the combination effectively inhibited the intracellular Ca2+ influx and significantly suppressed the phosphorylation of calmodulin-dependent protein kinase （CaMK） and phospholipase C/protein kinase C （PLC/PKC）. In summary, the combination of API and PC at a molar ratio of 1∶1 exhibited the better synergistic antagonistic effect on the histamine release, inhibited the mast cell degranulation model activation by reducing Ca2+ influx and inhibiting the activation of Ca2+/CaMK and PLC/PKC pathways, stabilized the cell membranes, regulated the inflammatory factor secretion, and exerted an effect in alleviating sensitive skin. 数据和表 | 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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石墨烯-聚氯乙烯复合材料制备与性能研究 Study on the preparation and properties of graphene-polyvinyl chloride composites 李俊, 吴晗 2025 (5):  611-615.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2025.05.009 摘要 ( 54 )   HTML ( 9 )   PDF(1835KB) ( 12 )   采用溶液共混法制备了不同含量石墨烯的石墨烯-聚氯乙烯复合材料，通过对该复合材料的力学性能、微观形貌、导电性能和热失重等进行分析发现：随着石墨烯含量的增加，石墨烯-聚氯乙烯复合材料的拉伸强度和硬度均逐渐升高，当石墨烯含量为4wt%时，拉伸强度和硬度分别达到最大值25.8 MPa和49.2°，导电性能分析发现石墨烯-聚氯乙烯复合材料的电导率随着石墨烯含量的增加而呈指数上升，在石墨烯含量为6wt%时电导率达到了最大值，SEM分析发现纯聚氯乙烯的断面和基体中存在着缺口较多，当引入石墨烯后断口处慢慢细化并出现了片层结构，聚氯乙烯分子有效附着在表面，热分析发现随着石墨烯含量的增加，石墨烯-聚氯乙烯复合材料的热稳定性得到了明显的改善，并且在500 ℃下炭残留随着石墨烯含量的增加而升高，在石墨烯含量6wt%时的炭残留达48.3%。 In this paper, a solution blending method was selected to prepare graphene-polyvinyl chloride composites with different mass fractions （0%, 2%, 4%, 6%） of graphene. The mechanical properties and microscopic morphology, electrical conductivity and thermal weight loss of the composites were analyzed. It is found that with the increase of graphene content, the tensile strength and hardness of graphene-polyvinyl chloride composite materials gradually increase. When the graphene content is 4wt%, the tensile strength and the hardness reach the maximum values of 25.8 MPa and 49.2°, respectively. The conductivity analysis reveals that the conductivity of the graphene-polyvinyl chloride composite material increases exponentially with the increase of graphene content, reaching its maximum value at a graphene content of 6wt%. The SEM analysis shows that there are many gaps in the section and matrix of pure PVC. After the introduction of graphene, the fracture is gradually refined and a lamellar structure appears. The PVC molecules are effectively attached to the surface. The analysis shows that with the increase of graphene content, the thermal stability of the graphene-polyvinyl chloride composite material is significantly improved, and the carbon residue increases with the increase of graphene content at 500 ℃, reaching 48.3% at a graphene content of 6wt%. 数据和表 | 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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基于网络药理学探究大花红景天改善皮肤毛细血管扩张症机制 Elucidating the potential mechanism of Rhodiola crenulata on improving skin telangiectasia based on network pharmacology 王斌雅, 杨杨, 权强华, 安全, 杨成, 赵炳天 2025 (5):  616-624.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2025.05.010 摘要 ( 58 )   HTML ( 12 )   PDF(3241KB) ( 18 )   基于网络药理学和实验验证研究大花红景天提取物的改善皮肤毛细血管扩张症作用，为其在化妆品、食品等领域的综合利用提供科学依据。运用SymMap和TCMIP数据库获取大花红景天的活性成分，运用Swiss Target Prediction和Genecards数据库得到大花红景天与皮肤毛细血管扩张症相关的靶点，并采用String分析蛋白之间的相互作用以及KEGG信号通路富集。最后通过体外细胞实验初步验证大花红景天改善皮肤毛细血管扩张症的作用。选取14种大花红景天活性成分获得相应靶点253个，皮肤毛细血管扩张症相关靶点2 646个，其中两者交集靶点164个。KEGG通路富集分析结果表明，大花红景天可能通过Ras、VEGF、HIF-1等与血管生成相关的信号通路发挥抑制皮肤毛细血管扩张的作用。体外细胞实验结果显示大花红景天提取物能够显著抑制TNF-α诱导的角质形成细胞（HaCaT）中VEGF的分泌，同时它可以进一步抑制由VEGF诱导人脐静脉内皮细胞（HUVEC）的增殖、迁移和管状结构的生成。 Based on network pharmacology and experimental verification, the improvement of Rhodiola cernulata（R. crenulata） on skin telangiectasia was investigated to provide scientific basis for its comprehensive utilization in cosmetics, food and other fields. The active ingredients of R. cernulata were retrieved from SymMap and TCMIP database. Targets related to R. crenulata and skin telangiectasia were predicted using Swiss Target Prediction and Genecards database. The interactions between proteins were analyzed using String and the KEGG signaling pathways enrichment analysis were performed further. Finally, in vitro cell experiments were used to preliminarily verify the improvement of R. crenulate on skin telangiectasia. A total of 14 active ingredients of R. crenulata are selected to obtain 253 corresponding targets and 2 646 targets related to skin telangiectasia, of which 164 are intersection targets. The results of KEGG pathway enrichment analysis show that R. crenulata may play a role in inhibiting skin telangiectasia through Ras, VEGF, HIF-1, and other signaling pathways related to angiogenesis. In vitro cell experiment results show that R. crenulata extract can significantly inhibit the secretion of VEGF in keratinocytes （HaCaT） induced by TNF-α, and it further inhibit the proliferation, migration and formation of tubular structures of human umbilical can vein endothelial cells （HUVEC） induced by VEGF, which reflect the potential value of R. crenulata in treating skin telangiectasia. 数据和表 | 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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包装用可生物降解聚酯材料的制备及性能研究 Preparation and properties of biodegradable polyester materials for packaging 李鹏鹏, 李武伟 2025 (5):  625-632.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2025.05.011 摘要 ( 38 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF(2118KB) ( 14 )   以钛酸四丁酯作为增溶剂，聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯（PET）和聚乳酸（PLA）为原料，通过熔融共混制备了聚乳酸/聚酯体系，研究了PLA的比例对共混物体系微观形貌、热稳定性、力学性能和生物降解性能的影响。研究结果表明：PET和PLA熔融共混形成的共混物具有良好的相容性，未出现明显的界面和团聚现象。PLA质量分数的增加改善了聚乳酸/聚酯共混物的热稳定性能，残炭率随PLA质量分数的增加而降低。PLA质量分数30%的共混物的拉伸强度和断裂延伸率达到了最大值55.1 MPa、16.2%，较纯PET的拉伸强度和断裂延伸率分别提高了39.50%、48.62%，缺口冲击强度为27.9 kJ/m2，较纯PET提高了108.21%，对应的硬度为92 HR。将猪胰腺脂肪酶加入到缓冲液中测试了共混物的生物降解性能，随着PLA质量分数的增大，聚乳酸/聚酯共混物在缓冲液中的生物降解率逐渐增大，降解28 d时，PLA质量分数30%的共混物缺口冲击强度为27.9 kJ/m2，力学性能最优。 In this paper, polylactic acid/polyester system was prepared by melt blending of polyethylene terephthalate （PET） and polylactic acid （PLA） with tetrabutyl titanate as solubilizer. The effects of the proportion of PLA on the micromorphology, thermal stability, mechanical properties and biodegradability of the system were studied. The results show that the blends formed by melt blending of PET and PLA have good compatibility without obvious interface and agglomeration. The thermal stability of polylactic acid/polyester blend is improved with the increase of PLA mass fraction, and the carbon residue rate decreases with the increase of PLA mass fraction. The tensile strength and fracture elongation of PLA blend with 30% mass fraction reach the maximum value of 55.1 MPa and 16.2%, which are 39.50% and 48.62% higher than that of the pure PET, respectively. The notch impact strength is 27.9 kJ/m2, which is 108.21% higher than that of the pure PET. The corresponding hardness is 92 HR. The biodegradation rate of polylactic acid/polyester blend in buffer increases with the increase of PLA mass fraction. At 28 d of degradation, the notch impact strength of the blend with 30% PLA mass fraction is 27.9 kJ/m2, indicating the best mechanical properties. 数据和表 | 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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蒲公英多酚的抑菌和抗炎活性研究 Study on the antibacterial activity and anti-inflammatory activity of dandelion polyphenols 谢诗雅, 刘明巍, 肖雷, 胡绍霖 2025 (5):  633-639.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2025.05.012 摘要 ( 51 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF(1737KB) ( 22 )   为了揭示蒲公英多酚（DP）对常见皮肤病原菌的抑菌活性及其抗炎活性。使用不同质量浓度的蒲公英多酚处理6种常见皮肤病原菌24 h，测量最小抑菌浓度（MIC）和抑菌圈直径。使用CCK-8试剂盒检测蒲公英多酚对RAW264.7细胞的毒性。将RAW264.7细胞分为Blank组、LPS组、LPS+10 DP组、LPS+50 DP组、LPS+100 DP组、LPS+200 DP组、LPS+400 DP组、LPS+800 DP组和LPS+1 600 DP组。根据分组使用生理盐水、LPS（1 μg/mL）和不同质量浓度的DP处理细胞24 h。通过可见分光光度法测量NO含量。通过RT-qPCR检测诱导型一氧化氮合酶（iNOS）、环氧合酶-2（COX-2）、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、白介素（IL）-1β和IL-6的mRNA水平。通过Western blotting检测核因子-κB（NF-κB） p65和p38丝裂原活化蛋白激酶（MAPK）磷酸化水平。免疫荧光染色观察NF-κB p65的细胞核转位情况。结果显示，DP对金黄色葡萄球菌、表皮葡萄球菌、大肠埃希菌、铜绿假单胞菌、普通变形杆菌和痤疮丙酸杆菌的的MIC分别为400，400，400，800，800和400 μg/mL。当DP质量浓度≥800 μg/mL时，6种病原菌均有明显的抑菌圈（P<0.001）。DP质量浓度在10~1 600 μg/mL范围内对RAW264.7细胞无毒（P>0.05）。与LPS组相比，LPS+100 DP组、LPS+200 DP组、LPS+400 DP组、LPS+800 DP组和LPS+1 600 DP组RAW264.7细胞中NO含量及iNOS、COX-2、TNF-α、IL-1β和IL-6 mRNA相对水平均降低（P<0.05），NF-κB p65和p38 MAPK相对磷酸化水平降低（P<0.05），并且NF-κB p65细胞核转位减少。上述结果说明蒲公英多酚对常见皮肤病原菌具有抑菌活性，并且可抑制LPS诱导的RAW264.7细胞炎症及NF-κB p65和p38 MAPK信号通路的活化。 The study aimed to reveal the antibacterial activity of dandelion polyphenols （DP） against common skin pathogens and anti-inflammatory activity. In this study, six common skin pathogens were treated with different concentrations of dandelion polyphenols for 24 hours, and the minimum inhibitory concentration （MIC） and the diameter of bacteriostatic zone were measured. CCK-8 kit was used to detect the toxicity of dandelion polyphenols to RAW264.7 cells. RAW264.7 cells were divided into Blank group, LPS group, LPS+10 DP group, LPS+50 DP group, LPS+100 DP group, LPS+200 DP group, LPS+400 DP group, LPS+800 DP group and LPS+1 600 DP group. The cells were treated with saline, LPS （1 μg/mL） and different concentrations of dandelion polyphenols for 24 hours. The content of NO was measured by visible spectrophotometry. The mRNA levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase （iNOS）, cyclooxygenase-2 （COX-2）, tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）, interleukin （IL）-1β and IL-6 were detected by RT-qPCR. The phosphorylation levels of NF-kappa B （NF-κB） p65 and p38 mitogen activated protein kinase （MAPK） were detected by Western blotting. The nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65 was observed by immunofluorescence staining. The results show that the MIC of dandelion polyphenols against Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus vulgaris and Cutibacterium acnes are 400, 400, 400, 800, 800 and 400 μg/mL, respectively. When the concentration of dandelion polyphenols is over 800 μg/mL, all the six pathogens have obvious bacteriostatic circles （P<0.001）. The concentration of dandelion polyphenols in the range of 10 to 1 600 μg/mL is non-toxic to RAW264.7 cells （P>0.05）. Compared with LPS group, NO content and relative levels of iNOS, COX-2, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 mRNA in RAW264.7 cells in LPS+100 DP group, LPS+200 DP group, LPS+400 DP group, LPS+800 DP group and LPS+1 600 DP group decrease （P<0.05）, the relative phosphorylation levels of NF-κB p65 and p38 MAPK decrease （P<0.05）, and the nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65 decreases. The above results indicate that dandelion polyphenols have antibacterial activity against common skin pathogens, and can inhibit LPS-induced RAW264.7 cell inflammation and the activation of NF-κB p65 and p38 MAPK signaling pathways. 数据和表 | 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

专论与综述

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有机硅季铵盐表面活性剂的合成与发展 Synthesis and development of organosilicon quaternary ammonium surfactants 孟祥吉, 王婧如, 王韵恺, 智丽飞, 王国永, 杨佳茜 2025 (5):  640-648.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2025.05.013 摘要 ( 46 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF(1354KB) ( 23 )   有机硅季铵盐表面活性剂既具有有机硅材料的优良性能，还具有季铵盐基团的杀菌、柔软、抗静电等性能，属于多功能型的表面活性剂，多年来倍受关注。目前国内外关于有机硅季铵盐的制备工艺繁多，常见的有机硅季铵盐合成方法有：卤烃基硅烷与叔胺的取代反应、环氧基硅烷与叔胺的开环加成反应、自由基聚合反应、硅烷基溶胶-凝胶反应等制备工艺。针对有机硅季铵盐反应周期长的缺点，在合成中引入微波高压、加入催化剂等方法提高反应速度。文章综述了国内外有机硅季铵盐表面活性剂的分子结构、合成工艺和应用领域，并对产品的研究现状、存在的问题以及未来的发展方向进行讨论与展望。 Organosilicon quaternary ammonium surfactants not only have the excellent performance of silicone materials, but also have the bactericidal, softening and antistatic properties of quaternary ammonium groups. Therefore, they are multi-functional surfactants and have attracted much attention for many years. Currently, based on relevant domestic and foreign reports, there are a variety of preparation techniques for organosilicon quaternary ammonium salts. The common methods of synthesis of organosilicon quaternary ammonium salts are as follows: The substitution reactions between halogenated hydrocarbon-based silanes and tertiary amines, the ring-opening addition reactions between epoxy silanes and tertiary amines, free-radical polymerization reaction, sol-gel reaction, etc. To overcome the shortcoming of long reaction period for synthesizing organosilicon quaternary ammonium salts, microwave and high-pressure treatment and catalysts have been introduced to improve the reaction rate. In this review, an overview of the molecular structure, synthesis process and application fields for silicone quaternary ammonium surfactants has been provided, both domestically and internationally. Furthermore, the current research status, existing problems and future development direction of the products have also been discussed. 数据和表 | 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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全氟和多氟烷基物质的检测方法综述 A review of determination methods for per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances 张颖, 王华, 左玥华, 王晨光, 翟自芹, 柳明 2025 (5):  649-658.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2025.05.014 摘要 ( 44 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF(1849KB) ( 21 )   全氟和多氟烷基物质（PFAS）是一类具有持久性、高稳定性和生物积累性的物质，因其会给环境和人类健康带来危害而受到广泛关注。PFAS中的多种化合物在国内外都被列为持久性有机污染物，进入禁用或限用的重点管控清单。本文系统综述了国内外关于PFAS类物质的标准测定方法，总结了检测对象、定量方法、检出限或定量限，分析了标准测定方法的优势和不足。同时还阐述了PFAS类物质的半定量方法和快速检测方法，介绍了快速检测方法中所用的有机染料、纳米材料、分子印迹聚合物、生物等技术。最后提出根据实际使用场景和检测对象，选用半定量或快速检测方法作为初筛方法，标准测定方法作为确证，两者优势互补，以期为制定更加完善的PFAS类物质监控检测体系提供参考。 Per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances （PFAS） are a class of persistent, highly stable and bioaccumulative compounds, which are widely concerned because of their environmental and human health hazards. Many of the compounds in PFAS are classed as Persistent Organic Pollutant at home and abroad, which are on the list of banned or restricted substances. In this paper, the standard methods for determination of PFAS at home and abroad are reviewed. The detection objects, quantitative methods, detection limits or quantitative limits of these standard methods are summarized. The advantages and disadvantages of these standard methods are also pointed out. And then, the methods of semi-quantitative analysis and rapid determination of PFAS are introduced. Since PFAS are not optically or electro chemically active, they cannot be directly measured by conventional spectroscopic or electrochemical methods. So the techniques of organic dyes, nano-materials, molecularly imprinted polymers and biology, which are used to improve the optical or electro chemical activity of the PFAS are also described. At last, it is suggested that according to the actual situation and test objects, the semi-quantitative or rapid determination method can be chosen as the primary screening method, and the standard determination method can be used as the confirmation. The purpose of this study is to provide a reference for the establishment of a more perfect monitoring and determination system for PFAS. 数据和表 | 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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基于情感视角的女性日用化妆品包装设计及应用研究 Research on packaging design and application of women’s daily cosmetics based on emotional perspective 杨雅君, 刘畅 2025 (5):  659-667.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2025.05.015 摘要 ( 42 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF(2867KB) ( 15 )   随着消费市场的日益成熟和消费者需求的多样化，产品包装已成为品牌与消费者情感沟通的重要桥梁。对于女性消费者而言，化妆品包装的设计更多承载着她们对美的追求以及对自我价值的认同。本文首先分析了女性消费者在购买化妆品时的心理特征，包括她们对美的追求、对品质的关注以及对个性化、情感化消费的需求。其次，详细阐述情感设计在化妆品包装设计中的具体应用，包括如何通过色彩、形态、材质等设计元素来传达品牌理念和情感价值，以及如何根据目标消费群体的心理特征进行有针对性的设计。最后，结合女性日用化妆品产品包装设计现状，分析当前情感设计在化妆品包装设计中存在的不足，以期为化妆品包装设计提供新的理论支持和实践指导。 With the increasing maturity of the consumer market and the diversification of consumer demands, product packaging has become an important bridge for emotional communication between brands and consumers. For female consumers, the design of cosmetic packaging carries more of their pursuit of beauty and recognition of their self-worth. This article first analyzes the psychological characteristics of female consumers when purchasing cosmetics, including their pursuit of beauty, attention to quality, and demand for personalized and emotional consumption. Secondly, it elaborates on the specific application of emotional design in cosmetic packaging design, including how to convey brand concepts and emotional values through design elements such as color, form, and material, as well as how to design targeted products based on the psychological characteristics of the target consumer group. Finally, based on the current situation of packaging design for women’s daily cosmetics products, it analyzes the shortcomings of emotional design in cosmetics packaging design, which provides new theoretical support and practical guidance for cosmetic packaging design. 数据和表 | 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

分析与检测

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化妆品微生物ATP生物荧光增幅检测技术的双培养体系构建及可行性研究 Establishment and feasibility study of a dual enrichment system for amplified ATP bioluminescence microbial detection assay in cosmetics 李婷, 马紫英, 刘吉泉, 崔生辉, 景宇, 白飞荣, 姚粟 2025 (5):  668-676.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2025.05.016 摘要 ( 36 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF(1137KB) ( 19 )   建立了基于双培养体系的化妆品微生物ATP生物荧光增幅24 h检测方法，开展了富集培养体系促生长能力测试和产品适用性试验。选择11株生长缓慢的丝状真菌、酵母菌和细菌代表菌株，针对培养温度、增菌培养基配方等参数进行优化，开发了促进真菌生长的培养体系为TLE培养基，培养温度25 ℃；细菌培养体系为MTAT培养基、培养温度32.5 ℃，建立了ATP生物荧光增幅24 h检测方法。收集的32株与化妆品原料及生产环境相关的菌株在富集培养体系中生长良好，ATP生物荧光增幅24 h检测方法检测结果均为阳性，符合促生长试验要求。分别选取了不同功能宣称、使用部位、生产剂型、使用方法的6种化妆品，接种6株《中国药典》（2020版）推荐菌株，进行了产品适用性试验。结果表明，供试产品背景值符合方法要求，接菌后的供试样品检测结果均为阳性。因此，ATP生物荧光增幅24 h检测方法在化妆品及相关领域开展微生物快速筛选具有良好应用前景。 To improve the microbial detection efficiency in cosmetics, an amplified ATP bioluminescence 24 h assay with dual enrichment system was established. Meanwhile, growth promotion test of an enrichment medium and product suitability test was carried out. 11 of slow-growing fungi, yeasts and bacteria were selected as representative strains, and the key parameters such as culture temperature and enrichment medium formula were optimized. The results show that the enrichment system that promoted fungal growth is TLE medium incubated at 25 ℃, and the bacterial enrichment system is MTAT medium incubated at 32.5 ℃. 32 representative strains relevant to raw materials and production environment of cosmetics are collected and tested. They all grow well in the enrichment system，and the results of amplified ATP bioluminescence 24 h assay are all positive. Subsequently, six kinds of cosmetics with different functional claims, use parts, production dosage forms and use methods are selected and inoculated with six reference strains recommended by Chinese Pharmacopoeia （2020） for product suitability test. The background values of the tested cosmetics meet the requirements of the detection method. Results of spiking test show that all the samples tested are positive. Therefore, amplified ATP bioluminescence 24 h assay has a promising application prospect in the rapid screening of microorganisms in cosmetic fields. 数据和表 | 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标