基于改进Stöber法合成的单分散二氧化硅纳米粒子及其应用评述

doi:10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2025.05.001

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

二氧化硅纳米粒子是一种极其重要的无机材料，具有比表面积大、表面吸附能力强、无毒、物理化学稳定性强等一系列优点，在吸附、陶瓷、催化、医药、日用化工等领域具有巨大应用潜力而受到广泛关注。Stöber法是一种非常有效的溶胶-凝胶策略，常被用作生产具有高度可定制尺寸和表面性能的均匀单分散二氧化硅纳米粒子。不同尺寸的二氧化硅纳米粒子理化性质有所变化，根据不同领域的需求，对二氧化硅纳米粒子的粒径有着不同要求，因此，为满足这些需求，逐渐在Stöber法的基础上发展出了许多改进方案，以获得尺寸范围更大、粒径更加均一、形态更多样化的二氧化硅纳米粒子。本文在简要介绍二氧化硅纳米粒子的基础上，重点介绍了Stöber法和其改进方案，以及基于改进Stöber法合成的二氧化硅纳米粒子在日用化学工业和生物医药方面的应用。旨在为相关领域提供一些参考。

关键词: 单分散二氧化硅, 小粒径, 改进Stöber法, 日用化学产品, 生物医药

Abstract:

Among various inorganic materials, silica nanoparticles have gained considerable attention due to their remarkable characteristics, including large specific surface area, strong surface adsorption capacity, non-toxic nature, and excellent physicochemical stability. These unique properties render them particularly advantageous for diverse applications spanning adsorption processes, ceramic engineering, catalytic systems, pharmaceutical development, and daily chemical industries, which has driven extensive research efforts in recent decades. The Stöber method, recognized as a benchmark sol-gel technique, has been widely adopted for synthesizing highly uniform, monodisperse silica nanoparticles with precisely controllable particle sizes and tailorable surface properties. Given that the physicochemical characteristics of silica nanoparticles exhibit strong size-dependent behavior, and considering the varying size requirements across different application fields, numerous modified Stöber-based strategies have been developed to engineer silica nanoparticles with optimized dimensions, narrower size distributions, and sophisticated morphological architectures. This review provides a comprehensive overview of advanced Stöber synthesis methodologies. Special emphasis is placed on emerging applications of these engineered nanoparticles in biomedical technologies and innovative daily chemical formulations. Through systematic analysis, this work aims to establish theoretical frameworks and practical guidelines for designing silica nanoparticle-based functional materials that address evolving industrial challenges.

Key words: monodisperse silica, small particle size, modified Stöber method, daily chemical, biopharmaceutics

中图分类号:

TQ658

修石健, 暴也儒, 权波. 基于改进Stöber法合成的单分散二氧化硅纳米粒子及其应用评述[J]. 日用化学工业（中英文）, 2025, 55(5): 539-547.

Shijian Xiu, Yeru Bao, Bo Quan. Synthesis of monodisperse silica nanoparticles via modified Stöber method and their applications: A review[J]. China Surfactant Detergent & Cosmetics, 2025, 55(5): 539-547.

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