日用化学品泡沫性能的多维度评价方法研究

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-1803.2022.05.007

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

介绍了动态泡沫分析的测试方法和测试原理,并开展了表面活性剂常用原料、洗衣液、洗发水和牙膏等常规日化产品的泡沫性能研究。在动态泡沫的测试中,基于不同样品设置了差异化的测试程序,监测了整个测试周期内泡沫高度、泡沫体积、每平方毫米气泡个数、气泡平均面积、气泡平均半径等参数随时间的演化关系,计算出体积消泡率、气泡个数变化率等反映泡沫稳定性的相关参数。利用高度测试模块中泡沫体积、泡沫高度等参数的分析评价了各样品的发泡能力;通过结构测试模块中气泡个数、平均气泡面积、平均气泡半径等参数的分析评价了各样品的泡沫微观特性;同时结合高度测试和结构测试双模块中持久值、体积消泡率、气泡个数变化率、半衰期等多角度评价了各样品的泡沫稳定性。由此经双模块测试中各参数的协同分析实现了产品发泡快慢、泡沫多少、泡沫大小和稳定性等泡沫性能的多维度评价。

关键词: 泡沫高度, 泡沫结构, 泡沫稳定性, 消泡率, 半衰期

Abstract:

For daily chemical cleaning products, the size, compactness and stability of the foam can be easily perceived by consumers, which may even directly affect the comprehensive evaluation of the products. Therefore, the evaluation of foam performance is very important. Herein, the testing method and principle of dynamic foam analysis were introduced. The transmission light could be measured with time using LED panel and side line sensor. The liquid/foam and foam/air boundaries could be detected by light intensity difference, and the foam decay process in the measurement cycle could be read out through the line sensor. This testing method was used to test the foams of common raw materials of surfactants and conventional daily cleaning products such as laundry detergents, shampoos, and toothpastes. Differentiated test procedures were set for different samples. Then the evolution of foam height （h_foam）, foam volume （V_foam）, number of bubbles per square millimeter （BC）, average area of bubbles （MBA）, average radius of bubbles （R_avg） and other parameters over time was monitored in the whole test period. Through the analysis of foam volume, foam height and other parameters in the height test module, the foaming abilities of the products were evaluated; by analyzing the number of bubbles, the average bubble area and the average bubble radius in the structure test module, the foam micro-structure was evaluated; the foam stability was evaluated by analyzing the parameters of foam volume fraction, maximum foam liquid carrying capacity, half-life of bubbles, etc. Therefore, based on the characteristics of daily chemical products, setting up different automatic test programs and analyzing the foam performance with the combination of the parameters in each test module can effectively realize the multi-dimensional evaluation of foam performance, so as to guide the development and optimization of new products.

Key words: foam height, foam structure, foam stability, defoaming rate, half-life

中图分类号:

TQ649

徐杰,祝愿,徐项亮,鲍红洁. 日用化学品泡沫性能的多维度评价方法研究[J]. 日用化学工业, 2022, 52(5): 506-513.

Xu Jie,Zhu Yuan,Xu Xiangliang,Bao Hongjie. Study on multidimensional evaluation method of foam performance of daily chemicals[J]. China Surfactant Detergent & Cosmetics, 2022, 52(5): 506-513.

图/表 7

表1

表2

图1

表3

表4

表5

表6

参考文献 14

[1]	Wang Peiyi, Xu Baocai, Wang Jun. Surfactant: synthesis, performance and application[M]. Beijing: Chemical Industry Press, 2007: 230-235.
[2]	Yin Zhong, Yao Changlin, Liao Gang, et al. Kinetics equation of foam decay[J]. Drilling Fluid & Completion Fluid, 2007, 24 (2): 32-33.
[3]	Malysa K. Wet foams: formation, properties and mechanism of stability[J]. Advances in Colloid & Interface Science, 1992, 40: 37-83.
[4]	Wang Lijuan, Zhang Gaoyong, Dong Jinfeng, et al. Progress in test and evaluation methods for foaming performance[J]. China Surfactant Detergent & Cosmetics, 2005 (3): 171-173, 191.
[5]	The State Bureau of Quality and Technical Supervision. Surface active agents-measurement of foaming power-modified Ross-Miles method: GB/T 7462-1994 [S]. Beijing: Standards Press of China, 1994.
[6]	Sha Li. Potential application of bubble size distribution on toothpaste [G]// China Oral Care Industry Association. Proceedings of 2005 China Oral Care Products Industry Symposium. Haikou: China Oral Care Industry Association, 2005: 209-210.
[7]	Du Zhiping, Wang Wanxu, Liu Xiaoying, et al. Effect of additives on the stability of alpha-olefin sulfonate foam [G]// The Chinese Ceramic Society, China Concrete Admixture Association. Proceedings Commem Orating the 20^th Anniversary of the Founding of China Concrete Admixture Association. Shangdong: China Concrete Admixture Association, 2006: 221-226.
[8]	Zhang Zhifeng. Factors affecting the measurement of toothpaste foam volume[J]. Toothpaste Industry, 2004 (3): 36-37.
[9]	Wang Lushan, Cao Yanbin, Yu Tiantian, et al. Influence of the characteristics of gas liquid interface to foam stability[J]. Oil Drilling & Production Technology, 2007 (1): 75-78, 85.
[10]	Chen Yuhao, Lu Chunjing, Huang Chuanxin. Fabrication and application of micro-analysis model for foam stability[J]. Contemporary Chemical Industry, 2018 (8): 1607-1609, 1743.
[11]	Sun Qicheng, Huang Jin. Structure and stability of liquid foams[J]. Physics, 2006 (12): 1050-1054.
[12]	Yan Bing. Study on the dynamic mechanism of oil-water-gas three phrase foam[D]. Xi'an: Xi'an Shiyou University, 2016.
[13]	Li Binfei, Huang Mengmei, Li Zhaomi, et al. Design on experiment of comprehensive evaluation of foam properties[J]. Experimental Technology and Management, 2017 (10): 187-190.
[14]	Wang Qi, Xi Hailing, Zuo Yanjun. Review on measurement techniques of performance and influence factors of stability for foam[J]. Journal of Chemical Industry and Engineering, 2007 (2): 25-30.

	发泡模式选择	自动程序设置	延时测试时间/s	高度照明	样品质量浓度/（g/L）	测试样品温度/℃
表面活性剂原料	鼓气	泵送气体量：60 mL;气体流速：5 mL/s	340	蓝色波长 λ=469 nm	0.1	25
洗衣液	搅拌	搅拌速度：4 000 r/min;搅拌时间：40 s	860	蓝色波长 λ=469 nm	3	25
洗发水	搅拌	搅拌速度：3 000 r/min;搅拌时间：40 s	860	红外波长 λ=850 nm	3	40
牙膏	搅拌	搅拌速度：4 000 r/min;搅拌时间：40 s	860	红外波长 λ=850 nm	10	40

参数名称	单位	定义
最大泡沫体积V_{foam max}	mL	发泡结束后最大泡沫体积
终止泡沫体积V_{foam final}	mL	测量结束时的泡沫体积
最大泡沫高度H_{foam max}	mm	发泡结束后最大泡沫高度
终止泡沫高度H_{foam final}	mm	测量结束时的泡沫高度
体积膨胀率ER		最大泡沫时刻,最大泡沫体积与泡沫中液体体积比值
体积消泡率η_v	%	测试结束时减少的泡沫体积占最大泡沫体积的比率
每平方毫米初始气泡个数BC_initial	mm^-2	开始测量时每平方毫米的气泡个数
每平方毫米最终气泡个数BC_final	mm^-2	结束测量时每平方毫米的气泡个数
初始平均气泡面积MBA_initial	µm²	开始测量时的平均气泡面积
最终平均气泡面积MBA_final	µm²	结束测量时的平均气泡面积
初始平均气泡半径R_{avg initial}	µm	开始测量时的平均气泡半径
最终平均气泡半径R_{avg final}	µm	结束测量时的平均气泡半径
气泡个数变化率	%	测试结束时减少的气泡个数占初始气泡个数的比率
泡沫液体体积分率MD		最大泡沫时刻,泡沫中液体体积与最大泡沫体积比值
最大泡沫携液量V_{liquid foam max}	mL	最大泡沫时刻,泡沫层的液体含量
析液半衰期t_{FLS 50%}	s	泡沫中液体含量渗出50%所需的时间
气泡个数半衰期t_BC1/2	s	气泡个数减少50%所需的时间

	V_{foam max}/mL	H_{foam max}/mm	V_{foam final}/mL	H_{foam final}/mm	ER	η_v/%
K12	101.2	82.6	57.4	46.9	4.0	43.3
AES	93.4	76.3	69.7	56.9	3.7	25.4
CAB	105.3	86	81.8	66.8	4.3	22.3
APG	94.3	77	69.7	56.9	3.9	26.1
ACS	87.1	71.1	38.4	31.4	3.3	55.9
洗衣液-001	47.3	38.4	22.4	18.2	2.6	52.6
洗衣液-002	39.2	32.0	18.8	15.4	2.2	52.0
洗衣液-003	37.7	30.7	13.0	10.6	1.8	65.5
洗衣液-004	53.4	43.6	24.2	19.8	2.6	54.7
洗衣液-005	43.2	35.2	20.2	16.5	3.5	53.2
洗发水-001	34.6	28.2	25.1	20.5	11.1	27.5
洗发水-002	34.6	28.2	23.6	19.3	11.6	31.8
洗发水-003	33.7	27.5	20.7	16.9	11.9	38.6
洗发水-004	42.0	34.2	21.3	17.4	2.2	49.3
洗发水-005	57.7	47.1	27.1	22.1	2.8	53.0
牙膏-001	62.2	50.7	32.6	26.6	2.9	47.6
牙膏-002	111.9	91.4	71.5	58.4	5.0	36.1
牙膏-003	43.2	35.3	30.6	25.0	14.5	29.2
牙膏-004	62.6	51.1	32.9	26.9	2.9	47.4
牙膏-005	106.9	87.3	64.8	52.9	4.8	39.4

	BC_initial/mm^-2	MBA_initial/µm²	R_{avg initial}/µm	BC_final/mm^-2	MBA_final/µm²	R_{avg final}/µm	气泡个数变化率/%
K12	80	12 470	61	17	58 544	119	78.7
AES	102	9 802	55	24	41 468	102	76.4
CAB	59	16 920	70	19	52 931	115	68.0
APG	29	34 476	99	16	61 691	127	44.1
ACS	53	18 805	74	10	103 916	152	81.9
洗衣液-001	91	10 971	50	6	172 419	197	93.6
洗衣液-002	87	11 474	49	8	128 175	169	91.0
洗衣液-003	107	9 350	47	4	244 153	226	96.2
洗衣液-004	114	8 761	46	10	105 002	154	91.7
洗衣液-005	52	19 266	65	7	142 080	170	86.4
洗发水-001	153	6 534	42	15	65 599	126	90.0
洗发水-002	129	7 729	45	15	66 734	123	88.4
洗发水-003	105	9 502	50	16	62 153	117	84.7
洗发水-004	192	5 215	37	13	77 547	136	93.3
洗发水-005	77	12 922	57	4	101 406	152	94.8
牙膏-001	195	5 131	38	21	46 994	106	89.1
牙膏-002	216	4 622	36	53	18 791	71	75.4
牙膏-003	183	5 466	40	14	74 048	133	92.6
牙膏-004	167	5 984	42	16	64 046	125	90.7
牙膏-005	180	5 568	39	35	28 926	86	80.7

	100 s	200 s	300 s
K12
K12	每平方毫米内气泡个数：54.631 平均气泡面积：18 305 μm²	每平方毫米内气泡个数：31.217 平均气泡面积：32 034 μm²	每平方毫米内气泡个数：19.736 平均气泡面积：50 669 μm²
AES
AES	每平方毫米内气泡个数：77.759 平均气泡面积：12 860 μm²	每平方毫米内气泡个数：49.449 平均气泡面积：20 223 μm²	每平方毫米内气泡个数：29.594 平均气泡面积：33 791 μm²
APG
APG	每平方毫米内气泡个数：20.595 平均气泡面积：48 556 μm²	每平方毫米内气泡个数：18.497 平均气泡面积：54 063 μm²	每平方毫米内气泡个数：16.951 平均气泡面积：58 993 μm²