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2024年, 第54卷, 第10期　刊出日期：2024-10-22 上一期    下一期

基础研究

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三嗪基Gemini表面活性剂在0.5 mol/L H2SO4中对45#碳钢的缓蚀性能研究 Corrosion-inhibiting effects of triazinyl Gemini surfactants on carbon steel in aqueous solution containing 0.5 mol/L H2SO4 原梦颖, 王德华, 楠惠开, 耿涛, 刘弘毅, 朱海林 2024 (10):  1145-1154.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2024.10.001 摘要 ( 2802 )   HTML ( 18 )   PDF(7806KB) ( 56 )   以三聚氯氰、正己胺/正辛胺/十二胺、乙二胺、N, N-二甲基-1, 3-丙二胺、溴乙烷为原料，合成了3种不同疏水链长度的三嗪基Gemini表面活性剂Cm-2-Cm （m=6，8，12），并通过傅里叶红外变换光谱（FT-IR）、核磁共振氢谱（1H NMR）、高分辨质谱（ESI-MS）对其结构进行了表征。采用表面张力法研究合成的3种不同疏水链长的三嗪基Gemini表面活性剂（C6-2-C6，C8-2-C8和C12-2-C12）的表面活性；采用静态失重法、电化学阻抗、动电位极化和量子化学方法研究其在0.5 mol/L H2SO4溶液中对45#碳钢的缓蚀性能。结果表明，随着疏水链碳数从6增加到12，3种三嗪基Gemini表面活性剂的临界胶束浓度（cmc）从0.059 mmol/L降低到0.013 mmol/L，pc20值从1.23增加到1.89；电化学阻抗结果表明，同一浓度下，缓蚀率随疏水链亚甲基数目的增加而增加，在0.5 mol/L H2SO4溶液中，对碳钢均有较好的缓蚀性能，当C12-2-C12浓度为0.2 mmol/L时，其对45#碳钢的缓蚀率可达95.03%；动电位极化结果表明，3种表面活性剂都是以抑制阴极为主的混合型缓蚀剂。量子化学计算结果表明3种三嗪基Gemini表面活性剂可以有效地吸附在碳钢表面。 The triazinyl Gemini surfactants with different hydrophobic chain lengths （Cm-2-Cm, m=6, 8, 12） were synthesized by using cyanuric chloride, hexylamine/octylamine/dodecylamine, ethylenediamine,N, N-dimethyl-1, 3-propanediamine and bromoethane as raw materials. The molecular structure was characterized by FT-IR, 1H NMR and ESI-MS. The surface activities of the three triazinyl Gemini surfactants （C6-2-C6, C8-2-C8 and C12-2-C12） were investigated by surface tension method. Their corrosion-inhibition properties on 45# carbon steel in 0.5 mol/L H2SO4 were studied by static weight loss method, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, potentiodynamic polarization and quantum chemistry. The results showed that, when the carbon number of hydrophobic chain was increased from 6 to 12, the critical micelle concentration （cmc） of the triazinyl Gemini surfactant was decreased from 0.059 mmol/L to 0.013 mmol/L, and meanwhile the pc20 value was increased from 1.23 to 1.89. The results of electrochemical impedance showed that, the corrosion inhibition efficiency increased with the increase of carbon number of hydrophobic chain for the surfactants at the same concentration. The inhibition efficiency could reach 95.03% for 45# carbon steel in 0.5 mol/L H2SO4 when adding 0.2 mmol/L C12-2-C12. The results of potentiodynamic polarization showed that the three surfactants were mixed corrosion inhibitors which mainly inhibited the cathode. These three triazinyl Gemini surfactants could effectively adsorb on the carbon steel surface, as shown by the results of quantum chemical calculation. 数据和表 | 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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聚醚有机硅表面活性剂与经典阴离子表面活性剂复配体系 Study on the mixed systems of polyether organosilicon surfactant and classic anionic surfactants 梁馨支, 孙婷, 叶馨遥, 王宇凯, 白亮, 李洪光 2024 (10):  1155-1165.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2024.10.002 摘要 ( 2083 )   HTML ( 10 )   PDF(9356KB) ( 62 )   聚醚有机硅表面活性剂因其良好的表面活性近年来受到广泛关注。为了进一步扩展其下游应用空间，开发复合表面活性剂配方，文章将一种寡聚醇聚醚三硅氧烷表面活性剂与经典阴离子表面活性剂（烷基糖苷磺酸盐和醇醚磷酸盐）复配，详细探究了二元表面活性剂混合体系的混合吸附参数和混合胶束参数。随后围绕精选的复配比例，对二元表面活性剂的分散（泡沫、乳液、悬浮液）性能在常见模型体系中进行了初步探究，为聚醚硅表面活性剂体系的应用开发提供了重要的基础参考。 Polyether organosilicon surfactants have received widespread attention in recent years due to their excellent surface activities. To further expand the downstream application and develop a surfactant formula, in this work, a polyether modified trisiloxane surfactant was mixed with a classical anionic surfactant （alkyl glycoside sulfonate or fatty-alcohol polyethoxylate phosphate）, and the mixed adsorption parameters and mixed micellization parameters of the binary surfactant mixtures were investigated in detail. For the selected mixing ratio, the dispersing performance of binary surfactant mixtures was evaluated in common model systems （foam, emulsion, suspension）, which could provide an important reference for the application and development of systems of polyether modified silicone surfactants. 数据和表 | 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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长链烷基甜菜碱表面活性剂在驱油用油水界面行为的分子模拟研究 Molecular simulation study on the behavior of long-alkyl-chain betaine surfactants at the interface between water and the oil 易飞, 孟繁涛, 陈斌, 徐浩, 吴晓燕, 李晓亮 2024 (10):  1166-1171.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2024.10.003 摘要 ( 1778 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF(5799KB) ( 42 )   随着化学驱规模化实施，表面活性剂的需求量猛增，而甜菜碱型表面活性剂由于其优异的界面活性、抗盐性能及绿色环保等特点，是适合油田多场景开采的一类高效驱油剂。为从分子尺度探究长链烷基甜菜碱型表面活性剂的界面活性并解释提采机制，利用分子动力学模拟研究了不同疏水链长和亲水基团的甜菜碱型表面活性剂油水界面行为和微观分子构型。通过与实验数据相互验证，为宏观实验现象提供了微观分子层面解释，并归纳了长链烷基甜菜碱型表面活性剂的界面作用机制，为根据分子模拟界面迁移及分布规律进行驱油剂设计提供指导。 With the large-scale implementation of chemical flooding, the demand for surfactants has increased sharply. Betaine surfactants are a type of efficient displacement agent suitable for multi-scenario exploitation in oilfields due to their excellent interfacial activity, salt resistance, and environmental friendliness. Molecular dynamics simulations were used to study the oil-water interface behavior and microscopic molecular configuration of betaine surfactants with different hydrophobic chain lengths and hydrophilic groups, so as to explore the interfacial activity of long-alkyl-chain betaine surfactants at the molecular level, and explain the recovery-enhancing mechanism. Through mutual verification between the simulation results and experimental data, microscopic explanations for macroscopic experimental phenomena were provided. Furthermore, the interfacial action mechanism of long-alkyl-chain betaine surfactants was summarized, providing guidance for the design of displacement agents based on the interface migration and distribution by molecular simulation. 数据和表 | 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

科技讲座

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天然生物质材料的制备、性质与应用（Ⅹ）——高黏稳定的水溶性微生物多糖：黄原胶 Preparation, properties and applications of natural biomass materials （Ⅹ） The stable, highly viscous, water-soluble microbial polysaccharides: xanthan gum 吕妮雅, 张燕爽, 韩桂梅, 范金石 2024 (10):  1172-1180.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2024.10.004 摘要 ( 1617 )   HTML ( 8 )   PDF(6644KB) ( 38 )   黄原胶是由黄单胞菌属产生的胞外多糖，是由一系列五糖重复单元链接形成的高分子杂多糖聚合物。黄原胶及其衍生物以其优异的稳定性、增稠性、乳化性、悬浮性、流变性、耐酸碱性、耐温性，耐盐性等性能，广泛应用于日用化学品、食品、医药、水处理、石油开采等多个行业领域。本文介绍了黄原胶的结构、性质、生产方法和改性技术，以及黄原胶寡糖的性质、制备和分离纯化方法，并概述了黄原胶及其改性产物的应用情况，提及了当前黄原胶生产中的问题及今后的发展前景。 Xanthan gum is a kind of extracellular polysaccharides produced by xanthomonas. It is a heteropolysaccharide polymer with high molecular weight formed by a series of five-sugar residues repeating units. Xanthan gum and its derivatives are widely used in various industries such as daily-use chemical industry, food processing industry, pharmaceutical industry, water treatment, and oil exploitation, due to their excellent stability, thickening ability, emulsifying ability, suspensibility, rheological property, acid resistance, base resistance, heat resistance, salt resistance, and other fit properties. In this paper, the chemical structure, the main physicochemical properties, the production methods, and the modification technologies of xanthan gum, as well as the properties, the preparation, separation and purification methods of xanthan gum oligosaccharides are briefly presented. Furthermore, the application status of xanthan gum and its modified products, the current problems in xanthan gum production, and the future prospects for the development of xanthan gum are also mentioned in this paper. 数据和表 | 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

开发与应用

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表面活性聚集体稳定非水相泡沫的实验研究 Experimental study of non-aqueous foams stabilized with different surfactant aggregates 张自伟, 燕永利, 贺炳成, 豆龙龙, 史松 2024 (10):  1181-1190.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2024.10.005 摘要 ( 1543 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF(6946KB) ( 43 )   非水相泡沫在化妆品、多孔材料、生物医药、油气开发等方向具有广泛的应用，然而表面张力较低等原因导致发泡困难，稳定性差，因此与泡沫相关的领域，一直是被攻克的难点。表面活性聚集体具有密度高，有序性良好等性质，可有效降低界面张力，被广泛应用于相关领域。文章以十二烷基磺酸钠、十二烷基苯磺酸钠为主剂，与甲酰胺和癸醇融合，制备出不同的表面活性聚集体并对其表征，观察非水相溶剂的起泡性和稳定性能。 结果表明：表面活性聚集体均为层状液晶结构，属于非牛顿流体，有剪切-稀释的流变现象，并且表面活性剂的含量越高，表面活性聚集体层状液晶的结构越稳定，泡沫随层状液晶质量含量上升呈现出先增大后减少的趋势。SDBS/癸醇/甲酰胺的稳泡能力优于SDS/癸醇/甲酰胺，以甲酰胺为非水相时，SDBS/癸醇/甲酰胺中层状液晶为60%（w/%）时，泡沫稳定时长55 h以上。当非水相为癸醇时，SDBS/癸醇/甲酰胺中层状液晶为60%（w/%）时，泡沫稳定时长6 h以上。 Non-aqueous foams have wide applications in cosmetics, porous materials, biomedicine, oil and gas development, etc. However, due to the low surface tension of non-aqueous solvents, they have difficulty in foaming and their foams usually have poor stability. Therefore, relevant field has been a difficult problem to overcome. Surfactant aggregates are widely used in related field due to their high density and ordered structure. In this work, different surfactant aggregates were prepared and characterized, in which sodium dodecyl sulfonate and sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate were used as the main agents, and formamide and decanol were used as the non-aqueous phase. Then their foaming ability and foam stability for non-aqueous solvents were observed. The results showed that all these surfactant aggregates were of layered liquid crystal structure, belonging to non-Newtonian fluids, which had shear-thinning rheological phenomenon. The higher the content of surfactant, the more stable the layered liquid crystal structure of the surfactant aggregates. The foam volume was first increased and then decreased with the increase of layered liquid crystal content. The foam-stabilizing ability of SDBS/decanol/formamide system was better than that of SDS/decanol/formamide system. When formamide was used as the non-aqueous phase and the layered liquid crystal content in the SDBS/decanol/formamide system was 60% （w/%）, the foam life was more than 55 h. When the non-aqueous phase was decanol and the layered liquid crystal content in the SDBS/decanol/formamide system was 60% （w/%）, the foam life lasted for more than 6 h. 数据和表 | 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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磷脂基微乳液的制备及其负载白藜芦醇的性能研究 Preparation of phospholipid-based microemulsion and properties of loaded resveratrol 贾宝通, 常宽 2024 (10):  1191-1200.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2024.10.006 摘要 ( 68 )   HTML ( 8 )   PDF(7275KB) ( 35 )   以2∶1的比例，将大豆磷脂和烷基糖苷羟丙基磺酸钠复配作为乳化剂制备O/W微乳液。通过拟三元相图法确定了最优配方：助表面活性剂为1, 2-己二醇，油相为己二酸二丁酯，复配表面活性剂与助表面活性剂的质量比Km为1∶2，己二酸二丁酯在体系中的质量分数为8.00%，水添加量为60.00%，水中无机盐的浓度为0.1 mol/L。透射式电子显微镜显示该微乳液为球形，油滴均匀分布，粒径为15~25 nm。该体系对于白藜芦醇的最大负载量为（11.55±0.14） mg/mL，显示出良好的增溶效果。在1.00%白藜芦醇负载量下，微乳液展示出良好的稳定化效果，50 ℃保存28 d后的保留率为77.13%±0.51%，比未包裹的提升19.21%；在365 nm的紫外光照下保存32 h后的保留率为57.21%±0.32%，比未包裹的提升20.72%。白藜芦醇在该体系中24 h的经皮渗透量可达（461.12±35.01） μg/cm2，对难溶性的多酚类化合物有着良好的促渗效果。 An O/W microemulsion （ME） was prepared by compounding soybean phospholipids and alkylglycoside sodium hydroxypropyl sulfonate （APGSHS） as the emulsifiers in a 2∶1 ratio. The optimal formulation was determined by the ternary phase diagram method: 1, 2-hexanediol as the co-surfactant, dibutyl adipate as the oil phase, the mass ratio of the complex surfactant to the co-surfactant （Km） of 1∶2, the mass fraction of dibutyl adipate in the system of 8.00%, and the amount of water added of 60.00%, and the concentration of inorganic salts in the water of 0.1 mol/L.Transmission electron microscopy show that the microemulsion is spherical, with oil droplets uniformly distributed, and the particle size is 15-25 nm. The maximum loading of the system for resveratrol is （11.55±0.14） mg/mL, which shows a good solubilization effect. At 1.00% resveratrol loading, the microemulsion shows good stabilization effect, with a retention rate of 77.13%±0.51% after 28 days of storage at 50 ℃, which is 19.21% higher than that of the unwrapped one, and a retention rate of 57.21%±0.32% after 32 h of storage at 365 nm UV illumination, which is 20.72% higher than that of the unwrapped one. The transdermal permeation amount of resveratrol in this system is up to （461.12±35.01）μg/cm2 for 24 h, which has a good osmotic effect on insoluble polyphenolic compounds. 数据和表 | 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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益智精油O/W型微乳液的制备及其性能研究 Preparation and properties of O/W microemulsion of Alpinia oxyphylla Miq. essential oil 谢小丽, 胡璇, 黄英, 王凯, 王丹, 于福来 2024 (10):  1201-1210.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2024.10.007 摘要 ( 60 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF(7612KB) ( 40 )   益智（Alpinia oxyphylla Miq.）提取物是一种天然的化妆品原料，可作为植物功能油使用。为了获得稳定的益智精油（AOEO）水包油型（O/W型）微乳液，本研究通过拟三元相图法构建含AOEO的O/W型微乳液，考察表面活性剂、助表面活性剂、Km（表面活性剂与助表面活性剂的质量比）以及其不同组分及比例对微乳液面积的影响，并测定微乳液的粒径、形貌、电导率、水溶性及稳定性等指标，探讨其表征与理化性能。 结果得到益智精油O/W型微乳液的较优配方为：m（蓖麻油聚氧乙烯醚40（EL-40）） ∶m（1,2-丙二醇） ∶m（AOEO）=10.5∶3.5∶6，水相的过渡点为60%（质量分数），平均粒径为（26.580±0.133） nm，多分散指数（PDI）为0.226±0.010，在透射电子显微镜（TEM）与数码生物显微镜（DBM）下微乳液呈球形或类球形，规整，无黏边，并具有良好的水溶性、离心稳定性、热稳定性及低温贮藏稳定性。结果表明以微乳液为载体可实现益智精油的纳米包覆，为益智精油在日化领域的开发与应用提供参考。 Alpinia oxyphylla Miq. extract is a kind of natural cosmetic raw material, which can be used as plant functional oil. In order to obtain a stable O/W microemulsion of Alpinia oxyphylla Miq. essential oil（AOEO）, the O/W microemulsion containing AOEO was constructed by pseudo ternary phase diagram method. The effects of surfactants, cosurfactants, Km （mass ratio of surfactant to cosurfactant）, and their different components and ratios on the area of the microemulsion were investigated. The particle size, morphology, conductivity, water solubility and stability of the microemulsion were measured, and its characterization and physicochemical properties were discussed. The results show that the optimal formula of O/W microemulsion of AOEO is obtained as follows: m（castor oil polyoxyethylene ether 40 （EL-40）） ∶m（1,2-propylene glycol） ∶m（AOEO）=10.5∶3.5∶6, the transition point of O/W microemulsion is 60% （mass fraction）. The average particle size of the O/W microemulsion is （26.580±0.133） nm, the polydispersion index （PDI） is 0.226±0.010, and the microemulsion is slightly spherical or quasi-spherical, regular, and without adhering edges under transmission electron microscopy （TEM） and digital biological microscopy （DBM）. The microemulsion has good water solubility, centrifugal stability, thermal stability and low temperature storage stability. The results show that the nano-coating of AOEO can be realized by using microemulsion as carrier, which provides reference for the development and application of AOEO in daily chemical field. 数据和表 | 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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表面活性剂对PCMX抑菌效果影响研究 Study on the influences of surfactants on the antibacterial effect of PCMX 刘庆刚 2024 (10):  1211-1217.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2024.10.008 摘要 ( 58 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF(5275KB) ( 36 )   研究了3种表面活性剂（SDS、AES和AEO9）对抑菌剂对氯间二甲苯酚（PCMX）的增溶作用及其复配体系对金黄色葡萄球、大肠杆菌和绿脓杆菌的抑菌效果。 结果表明，表面活性剂与PCMX的结合系数受表面活性剂的浓度影响的大小顺序为：AEO9>AES>SDS。通过最小抑菌浓度（MIC）测试考察了表面活性剂对PCMX抑菌效果的影响。当SDS的浓度在临界胶束浓度（cmc）以下时，复配体系中PCMX的MIC维持不变，当SDS浓度进一步增加会引起MIC线性增加。当AES的浓度在cmc以下时，复配体系中PCMX的MIC随AES浓度增加略有降低，在cmc以上AES浓度进一步增加会引起MIC线性增加。当AEO9浓度在1.61 mmol/L及以下时，AEO9浓度增加导致复配体系对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌和绿脓杆菌的MIC降低。发现在AEO9的cmc以上存在一段浓度区间，复配体系的抗菌效能随着AEO9浓度增加而提升。 The solubilization effects of three surfactants, i.e., SDS, AES and AEO9, on PCMX （parachlorometaxylenol） were studied, as well as their combined impact on the antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The results indicated that, the binding coefficient of surfactant with PCMX was influenced by the concentration of surfactant in the following order: AEO9>AES>SDS. The influences of surfactants on the antibacterial effect of PCMX were examined through minimum inhibitory concentration （MIC） testing. For the SDS concentrations below its critical micelle concentration （cmc）, the MIC of the PCMX complex remained unchanged. However, a further increase in SDS concentration beyond the cmc would lead to a linear increase in MIC. In the case of AES below cmc, the MIC of the PCMX complex was slightly decreased with the concentration of AES, while the AES in the concentration range above cmc would cause a linear increase of MIC. When the concentration of AEO9 was≤1.61 mmol/L, the increase of AEO9 concentration would lead to a decrease in MIC against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Above the cmc of AEO9, there was a concentration range in which the increase of AEO9 concentration could enhance the antibacterial efficacy of the system. This study might provide valuable insights into the synergism between surfactants and PCMX in antibacterial effectiveness. 数据和表 | 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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4种原料在高渗脱水细胞模型中的作用研究 Study on the effect of four kinds of raw materials in hypertonic dehydration cell model 高媛媛, 谭淇丹, 曹晨灿, 陈海峰, 加裕盈, 刘蕾 2024 (10):  1218-1226.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2024.10.009 摘要 ( 68 )   HTML ( 8 )   PDF(6336KB) ( 40 )   为探究透明质酸钠、泛醇、马齿苋提取物和金盏花提取物对高渗脱水诱导人永生化角质形成细胞（HaCaT）损伤的保护作用。通过检测细胞活率筛选4种原料安全作用浓度，采用ELISA法测定了透明质酸（HA）的分泌量。在mRNA水平上检测HaCaT屏障功能相关基因（OVOL1，EREG，TGM1，TGM2，IVL，IRF6，THBS1，CASP14）的表达情况，探究4种原料对屏障功能相关基因的调节作用。结果发现，4种原料能提高高渗脱水后的细胞活率，促进HA的分泌，改善高渗脱水后屏障功能相关基因的表达情况，其中泛醇和金盏花提取物效果较好。结果表明，4种原料对高渗脱水细胞模型均有一定的保护作用，为其在化妆品中的应用提供数据支撑。 It aims to investigate the protective effects of sodium hyaluronate, panthenol, Portulaca oleracea L. and Calendula officinalis L. on hyperosmotic dehydration-induced injury of human immortalized keratinocytes （HaCaT）. The safety mass concentrations of four raw materials were screened by detecting cell viability, and the secretion of hyaluronic acid （HA） was determined using the ELISA method. The expression of HaCaT barrier function related genes （OVOL1, EREG, TGM1, TGM2, IVL, IRF6, THBS1, CASP14） was detected at the mRNA level to explore the regulatory effect of four raw materials on these genes. The results demonstrate that pretreatment with the four kinds of raw materials could increase the cell viability after hyperosmotic dehydration, promote the secretion of HA, and improve the expression of barrier function related genes after hyperosmotic dehydration, among which panthenol and Calendula officinalis L. are better. The results show that the four raw materials have a certain protective effect on the hyperosmotic dehydration cell model, which provides data support for its application in cosmetics. 数据和表 | 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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PMTMS/TiO2复合材料的制备及其性能表征 Preparation of PMTMS/TiO2 composite material and its performance characterization 张婉萍, 关馨, 郑时莲, 张冬梅, 张子嘉, 张倩洁 2024 (10):  1227-1234.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2024.10.010 摘要 ( 51 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF(5899KB) ( 27 )   为了减轻二氧化钛（TiO2）在有机体系中的聚集行为，同时提升复合载体的合成效率，采用甲基三甲氧基硅烷（MTMS）对TiO2进行包覆。通过FTIR、TGA、SEM、EDS、DLS、接触角测试、亲油化度测试的表征方法，对包覆后的PMTMS/TiO2复合材料表面形貌与性质进行讨论，最后对PMTMS/TiO2复合材料的包覆机理进行总结阐述。 结果表明，硅钛（MTMS/TiO2）质量比为3∶1，催化剂质量分数为1.9%，反应时间为5 h的条件下，PMTMS/TiO2复合材料的聚集行为大大减轻，具有良好的疏水性能，且TiO2粒子在有机溶剂中的分散性与相容性得到显著提高。 To mitigate the aggregation behavior of TiO2 in organic system and also to enhance the synthesis efficiency of the composite carrier, methyltrimethoxysilane （MTMS） was used to coat TiO2. The surface morphology and properties of the coated PMTMS/TiO2 composites were characterized by the methods of FTIR, TGA, SEM, EDS, DLS, contact angle test, and lipophilicity test. The coating mechanism for PMTMS/TiO2 composites was summarized and elaborated. The results showed that the aggregation of PMTMS/TiO2 composites was greatly reduced when the synthesis condition was as follows: The mass ratio of MTMS to TiO2 was 3∶1, the mass fraction of catalyst was 1.9% and the reaction time was 5 h. The PMTMS/TiO2 composites thus prepared had good hydrophobicity. Therefore, by this way, the dispersion and compatibility of TiO2 particles in organic solvents were significantly improved. 数据和表 | 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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荷叶提取物在抑制口腔细菌和改善牙龈炎症的有效性分析 Analysis of the effectiveness of Lotus leaf extract in inhibiting oral bacteria and improving gingival inflammation 刘娟丽, 徐慧萍, 刘艳芳, 董振花, 王美艳 2024 (10):  1235-1242.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2024.10.011 摘要 ( 69 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF(5760KB) ( 37 )   分析了荷叶提取物（LLE）在抑制口腔细菌和改善牙龈炎症的有效性。使用不同质量浓度的LLE处理10种常见口腔细菌24 h，分别检测最小抑菌浓度（MIC）和抑菌圈直径。使用CCK-8法检测LLE对人牙龈上皮细胞活力的影响。将人牙龈上皮细胞分为对照组（Control）、脂多糖（LPS）组和LPS+1~500 μg/mL LLE组，分别用1 μg/mL LPS和不同质量浓度的LLE处理人牙龈上皮细胞24 h。RT-qPCR检测白介素（IL）-1β、IL-6、IL-8、肿瘤坏死因子-α （TNF-α）、细胞间黏附分子-1 （ICAM-1） mRNA水平。Western blotting检测核因子-κB（NF-κB） p65和p38丝裂原活化蛋白激酶（MAPK）的磷酸化水平。 结果显示，LLE对10种常见口腔细菌的MIC在300~500 μg/mL之间。与Control组相比，LPS组人牙龈上皮细胞中IL-1β、IL-6、IL-8、TNF-α和ICAM-1 mRNA相对水平均升高，NF-κB p65和p38 MAPK磷酸化水平均升高（P<0.05）。与LPS组相比，LPS+50~500 μg/mL LLE组人牙龈上皮细胞中IL-1β、IL-6、IL-8、TNF-α和ICAM-1 mRNA相对水平均呈LLE剂量依赖性降低，NF-κB p65和p38 MAPK磷酸化水平均呈LLE剂量依赖性降低（P<0.05）。本研究表明，LLE对10种常见口腔细菌和LPS诱导的人牙龈上皮细胞过度炎症具有抑制活性，其可能是口腔护理产品的有效添加成分。 This study aimed to analyze the effectiveness of Lotus leaf extract （LLE） in inhibiting oral bacteria and improving gingival inflammation. LLE of different mass concentrations was used to treat 10 common oral bacteria for 24 hours, and the minimum inhibitory concentration （MIC） and inhibition zone diameter were measured respectively. The CCK-8 method was used to detect the effect of LLE on the viability of human gingival epithelial cells. Human gingival epithelial cells were divided into control group （Control）, lipopolysaccharides （LPS） group and LPS+1-500 μg/mL LLE group. Human gingival epithelial cells were treated with 1 μg/mL LPS and different mass concentrations of LLE respectively for 24 h. RT-qPCR were used to detect the mRNA levels of interleukin （IL）-1β, IL-6, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）, and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 （ICAM-1）. Western blotting were used to detect the phosphorylation levels of nuclear factor-κB （NF-κB） p65 and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase （MAPK）. The results show that the MICs of LLE against 10 common oral bacteria are 300-500 μg/mL, respectively. Compared with the Control group, the relative mRNA levels of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α and ICAM-1 in human gingival epithelial cells in the LPS group are all increased, and the phosphorylation levels of NF-κB p65 and p38 MAPK are all increased （P<0.05）. Compared with the LPS group, the relative mRNA levels of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α and ICAM-1 in human gingival epithelial cells in the LPS+50-500 μg/mL LLE group are all decreased in a dose-dependent manner, and the phosphorylation levels of NF-κB p65 and p38 MAPK are decreased in a dose-dependent manner （P<0.05）. This study shows that LLE has inhibitory activity against 10 common oral bacteria and LPS-induced excessive inflammation of human gingival epithelial cells, and it may be an effective ingredient in oral care products. 数据和表 | 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

专论与综述

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多重乳液在护肤类化妆品上的应用 Application of multiple emulsions in skin care cosmetics 朱春芳, 李俊彪, 谢珍茗 2024 (10):  1243-1250.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2024.10.012 摘要 ( 1793 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF(6540KB) ( 71 )   多重乳液在化妆品配方工艺中是一种具有特殊结构的乳化体系，其具有提升化妆品功效成分的稳定性和安全性、改善传统乳状液的肤感、实现功效成分的协同包载及缓释等性能，在化妆品领域受到广泛关注，是化妆品乳化体系的研究热点。在配方设计及实践应用中，多重乳液结构复杂，稳定性较差，制备难度大，生产工艺应用要求高，因此在化妆品实际生产过程中未被广泛应用。本文首先介绍了多重乳液结构，阐述多重乳液的制备方法及稳定性影响因素，为解决多重乳液的稳定性问题提供思路，最后概述了不同类型多重乳液在护肤类化妆品上应用，展望多重乳液应用前景，旨在为多重乳液在护肤类化妆品实际应用提供理论依据。 The multiple emulsion system is an emulsification system with a special structure in the cosmetic formulation process. It can improve the stability and safety of cosmetic functional ingredients, improve the skin feel of traditional emulsions, and achieve synergistic encapsulation and sustained release of different functional ingredients. It has received more and more widespread attention in the field of cosmetics and has become a research hotspot of cosmetic emulsification systems. In formula design and practical application, multiple emulsions are not widely used in the actual production process of cosmetics due to their complex structure, poor stability, difficulty in preparation, and high requirements for actual production process application. This article first introduces multiple emulsions and their characteristic structures, then explains the preparation methods and factors affecting stability of multiple emulsions, providing ideas for solving the stability problems of multiple emulsions. Finally, it outlines the application of different types of multiple emulsions in skin care cosmetics, and looks forward to the application prospects of multiple emulsions. It aims to provide a theoretical basis for the preparation and application of multiple emulsions in skin care cosmetics. 数据和表 | 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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毛囊与头皮问题及其对策 Hair follicle and scalp problems and their countermeasures 刘峰, 韩婷婷, 贾庆文, 杨素珍, 胡志娟, 孙倩倩 2024 (10):  1251-1259.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2024.10.013 摘要 ( 90 )   HTML ( 8 )   PDF(7516KB) ( 58 )   毛囊是头皮上的微小上皮器官，其结构复杂并且具有周期性。毛囊在头皮中占有重要地位，每个毛囊都是一个独立的毛发生产工厂，健康的毛囊对于头皮和头发的良好维持起到关键作用，而且毛囊是不可再生的。当毛囊受到遗传、雄激素、压力等因素的影响出现萎缩或者堵塞就会引发一系列的头皮问题。目前国内外与毛囊生物学相关的研究较广泛，然而将各种头皮问题与毛囊相联系的报道却很少。文章主要综述了各类头皮问题如头皮屑、雄激素脱发、毛囊炎等的发生与毛囊的相关性，从毛囊的角度总结各种头皮问题的发生机制并提供相应的解决思路。 Hair follicles are tiny epithelial organs on the scalp that are complex and cyclical in structure. Hair follicles play an important role in the scalp. Each hair follicle is an independent hair production factory. Healthy hair follicles play a key role in the good maintenance of the scalp and hair, and hair follicles are non-renewable. When hair follicles shrink or become blocked due to genetics, androgens, stress and other factors, it can lead to a series of scalp problems. At present, there are extensive researches related to hair follicle biology at home and abroad, but there are few reports linking various scalp problems with hair follicles. This paper mainly reviews the correlation between the occurrence of various scalp problems such as dandruff, androgen alopecia, folliculitis and hair follicles, and summarizes the mechanism of various scalp problems from the perspective of hair follicles and provides corresponding solutions. It points out the direction of scientific scalp care. 数据和表 | 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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口腔护理产品美白功效测试实验室方法进展 Advances in laboratory methods for testing whitening efficacy of oral care products 乔翰, 吴孟轩, 刘子航, 程树军 2024 (10):  1260-1267.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2024.10.014 摘要 ( 101 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF(6933KB) ( 50 )   口腔护理产品的美白功效指口腔护理产品通过去除牙齿表面的污渍、色素和牙菌斑，改善口腔环境所达到的美白效果。从口腔护理市场容量占比可见，美白功效始终是消费者的核心诉求。国内外关于口腔护理产品美白功效虚假宣传、夸大功效的报道层出不穷，引发了社会的高度关注，也影响着口腔护理行业的进一步发展。因此，建立一套完整的口腔护理产品美白功效测试实验室方法具有重要意义，不仅可满足市场需求，而且有助于提高美白功效宣称产品的科学监管水平。为推动口腔护理产品美白功效测评方法的标准化，综述了国内外口腔护理产品美白功效实验室方法的设计原理、实验程序、检测技术及结果分析，从模型制备、染色方式、美白过程及应用评价四个维度进行了对比。以期提出科学严谨的标准化建议，为建立一套完整的口腔美白护理产品功效测试实验室方法提供支持。 The whitening effect of oral care products refers to the whitening effect achieved by removing stains, pigments and plaque on the surface of teeth. Commonly used oral whitening care products include whitening toothpaste, mouthwash, whitening tooth strips, whitening gels, etc. It is evident that whitening effect remains the primary concern of consumers from the market share of oral care products. At home and abroad, there are numerous reports of false advertising and exaggerated efficacy of oral care products for whitening, which trigger high social attention and affect the development of oral care industry. Therefore, the establishment of a complete efficacy evaluation system not only meets the market demand, but also helps to improve the scientific supervision level of products with whitening efficacy claims. The design principles, experimental procedures, detection techniques and result analyses of laboratory methods for assessing the whitening efficacy of oral care products are reviewed, focusing on both domestic and international approaches. The four dimensions of model preparation, staining method, whitening process and application evaluation are compared to standardize the whitening efficacy assessment methods for oral care products. Scientific and rigorous standardization suggestions are put forward, which provide data support for the establishment of a complete set of laboratory methods for efficacy testing of oral whitening care products. 数据和表 | 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

分析与检测

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高效液相色谱法同时测定淋洗类化妆品中7种异噻唑啉酮类防腐剂及质谱确证 Simultaneous determination of seven isothiazolinone preservatives in rinse-off cosmetics by HPLC and verification by HPLC-MS/MS 陈岑, 崔邶周, 张丽媛, 颜琳琦, 程巧鸳 2024 (10):  1268-1275.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2024.10.015 摘要 ( 78 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF(5983KB) ( 46 )   建立了同时检测淋洗类化妆品中7种异噻唑啉酮类防腐剂的高效液相色谱分析方法及液相色谱-串联质谱确证方法。膏霜乳和液体两种不同基质类型的化妆品样品分别经甲醇超声提取，提取液以离心处理后，取上清液经微孔滤膜过滤后测定。经CAPCELL PAK C18 MGIII （4.6 mm×250 mm, 5 μm）色谱柱分离，以甲醇和0.1%磷酸水溶液为流动相梯度洗脱，流速1.0 ml/min，柱温40 ℃。检测波长为275，282，和319 nm。以高效液相色谱法的结果进行定性筛查，并采用标准曲线法定量，以液相色谱-串联质谱法的结果进行确证。 结果表明，7种异噻唑啉酮类防腐剂在0.1~50 mg/L质量浓度范围内线性关系良好，相关系数均≥0.999 9。在低、中、高3种加标浓度水平下，平均加标回收率分别为97.5%~109.9% （膏霜乳）和95.6%~103.6% （液体）；相对标准偏差（RSD）小于3.0%，检出限为0.05~0.11 mg/kg。该方法具有简单、快速、准确性好的特点，适用于淋洗类化妆品中7种异噻唑啉酮类防腐剂的含量测定及质谱确证。 An analytical method for the simultaneous determination of seven isothiazolinone preservatives in rinse-off cosmetics by high-performance liquid chromatography （HPLC） and verification by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry （HPLC-MS/MS） was established. The cream and liquid cosmetic samples were ultrasonically extracted with methanol, centrifuged, and the supernatant was filtered through a microporous membrane for determination. The separation was executed on a CAPCELL PAK C18 MGIII column by gradient elution at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min with methanol and 0.1% （V/V） phosphoric acid aqueous solution as the mobile phases. The column temperature was set at 40 ℃. The wavelengths of detection were 278, 282 and 319 nm. The results of high performance liquid chromatography were used for qualitative screening, the standard curve method was used for quantification, and the results of liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry were used for verification. The results show that the linear ranges of the seven isothiazolinone preservatives are 0.1-50 mg/L, and the correlation coefficients are all greater than 0.999 9. The average recoveries are 97.5%-109.9% （for cream） and 95.6%-103.6% （for liquid）, and the relative standard deviations （RSD） are bellow 3.0% at low, medium and high spiked levels. The detection limits are 0.05-0.11 mg/kg. The method is simple, rapid and accurate for the simultaneous determination and verification of seven isothiazolinone preservatives in the rinse-off cosmetics. 数据和表 | 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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UPLC-Q-TOF-MS法测定化妆品和消毒产品中108种非法添加化合物 Determination of 108 illegally added compounds in cosmetics and disinfectants by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS 刘雪年, 鲁毅翔, 张科明, 焦爱军 2024 (10):  1276-1288.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2024.10.016 摘要 ( 58 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF(9768KB) ( 39 )   建立了超高效液相色谱-四极杆-飞行时间质谱（UPLC-Q-TOF-MS）进行筛查和确证化妆品和消毒产品中108种非法添加化合物的方法。样品采用饱和氯化钠溶液涡旋分散后，加入含0.05%（体积分数）甲酸的乙腈溶液超声提取，冷冻离心，X-Bridge C18色谱柱（4.6 mm×100 mm，3.5 μm）分离。在电喷雾离子源、正负离子扫描模式下，通过宽谱碰撞诱导解离（bbCID）模式采集待测物的质谱信息，构建108种非法添加化合物的筛查数据库。实验比较了提取溶剂的影响，优化了色谱条件和质谱条件，考察了凝胶剂、膏霜剂和粉剂的基质效应和回收率。 结果表明，108种化合物的检出限为0.05~2.25 mg/kg，定量限为0.15~7.50 mg/kg，线性关系良好，相关系数（R2）均不低于0.99，3个浓度水平的加标回收率为60.0%~122.1%、相对标准偏差（RSD）为1.2%~23.3%。应用该方法对83份化妆品和50份消字号抑菌制剂进行分析，最终从两份消毒产品中确证检出林可霉素和利多卡因，其含量分别为5 024.4和2.2 mg/kg。该方法操作简便，准确性好，适用于化妆品和消毒产品中多类非法添加化合物的筛查确证和定量分析，具有较强的应用价值。 An ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time of flight mass spectrometry method （UPLC-Q-TOF-MS） was established to identify 108 illegally added compounds in cosmetic and disinfectants. Samples were dispersed in a saturated sodium chloride solution, extracted by sonication with acetonitrile solution containing 0.05% formic acid, and frozen at 0 ℃ while centrifuged. Chromatographic separation was performed on a X-Bridge C18 column （4.6 mm×100 mm, 3.5 μm） with gradient elution using 0.1% （volume fraction） acetic acid aqueous solution and acetonitrile as the mobile phases. The mass spectrum information of the tested compounds was collected by broadband collision-induced dissociation （bbCID） mode under the electrospray ion source and positive and negative ion scanning mode, and a screening database of 108 illegally added compounds was constructed. The effect of extraction solvent was investigated and the chromatographic and mass spectrometry conditions were optimized. The matrix effects and recovery of gel-, cream-, and powder-based cosmetics were also investigated. The results show that the detection limit of 108 compounds is 0.05-2.25 mg/kg, and the limit of quantification is 0.15-7.50 mg/kg. The correlation coefficient （R2） are greater than 0.99 in the corresponding liner concentration range. Average recoveries are in the range of 60.0%-122.1% at three spiked levels, and the relative standard deviations （RSDs） are 1.2%-23.3%. A total of 83 cosmetics and 50 antibacteriostatic samples are analyzed by this established method. Finally, lincomycin and lidocaine are detected in two batches of disinfection products. The contents of lincomycin and lidocaine are 5 024.4 mg/kg and 2.2 mg/kg, respectively. The optimized method is simple, accurate and suitable for rapid screening and simultaneous quantitative analysis of various illegally added compounds in cosmetics and disinfectants. 数据和表 | 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标