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2024年, 第54卷, 第7期　刊出日期：2024-07-22 上一期    下一期

基础研究

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纳米SiO2颗粒稳定非水相泡沫的排液行为研究 Study on the drainage behavior of non-aqueous foams stabilized by nano-silica particles 高婷婷, 燕永利, 张随望, 陈钰, 贺炳成 2024 (7):  751-758.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2024.07.001 摘要 ( 914 )   HTML ( 10 )   PDF(2467KB) ( 58 )   非水相泡沫在石油化工、食品化工、日用化工和生物医药等行业有着广泛的应用，但非水相溶剂本身的低表面张力和低介电常数决定了其难以形成稳定的泡沫，而纳米SiO2颗粒在发泡及稳泡领域的独特优势正得到越来越多的关注。本文通过二氯二甲基硅烷（DCDMS）对14 nm的SiO2颗粒进行表面润湿性改性，研究纳米SiO2颗粒润湿性对非水相泡沫排液行为的影响。研究发现：随纳米SiO2颗粒表面润湿性的增大，在非水相溶剂中形成的泡沫体积呈现先增大后减小的趋势；非水相溶剂极性的增强，其发泡性能呈现逐渐增强的趋势，但在非极性溶剂中不能形成有效的泡沫。所形成的非水相泡沫排液过程分为排液初期、中期、末期三个阶段，随纳米SiO2颗粒表面润湿性的增大，泡沫消泡半衰期呈现先增大后减小的趋势；强极性溶剂泡沫排液半衰期可达45 min，中等极性溶剂泡沫排液半衰期可达60 min，且在光学显微镜下观察到随排液时间的增加，泡沫粒径逐渐增大，形状逐渐趋于多边形。 Non-aqueous foams have a wide range of applications in petrochemical industry, food industry, daily chemical industry and biomedical industry. However, the low surface tension and low dielectric constant of non-aqueous solvents lead to the difficulty in forming stable foams. The unique advantages of nano-silica particles in foaming and foam stabilization are getting more and more attention. In this work, the surface wettability of 14 nm nano-silica particles was modified with dichlorodimethylsilane （DCDMS）. The effects of wettability of these nano-silica particles on the drainage behaviors of several non-aqueous foams were studied. It was found that, with the increase of the polarity of non-aqueous solvents, the foaming performance showed a gradually increasing trend. The drainage process for non-aqueous foam could be divided into three stages: The initial stage, the middle stage, and the end stage. With the increase of the surface wettability of nano-silica particles, the half-life of foam was first increased and then decreased. The half-life of foams of highly polar solvents could reach 45 min, and the half-life of foams of moderately polar solvents could reach 60 min. Under optical microscope, it was observed that with drainage, the bubble size of foams gradually increased and the shape gradually became polygonal. 数据和表 | 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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海水条件下延展型表面活性剂降低界面张力性能研究 Study on the performance of extended surfactants in reducing interfacial tension under seawater conditions 潘斌林 2024 (7):  759-766.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2024.07.002 摘要 ( 845 )   HTML ( 8 )   PDF(1337KB) ( 69 )   为系统探究海水条件下延展型表面活性剂降低界面张力的结构-性能关系，本研究选取不同结构的延展型表面活性剂进行了界面张力测试，并分别考察了疏水烷基链长、烷基支链化、氧丙烯（PO）基团数、氧乙烯（EO）基团数对降低界面张力能力的影响。结果表明，通过增加烷基链长和疏水基支链化，对界面张力降低能力影响幅度小，不能达到超低数值（<10-2 mN/m）。PO数是影响延展型表面活性剂降低界面张力能力的关键因素，通过长PO链段螺旋卷曲，增大疏水基尺寸，在适宜的亲水亲油平衡条件下，可以将界面张力降至10-3 mN/m数量级。EO基团增加不利于分子在界面上紧密排列，造成界面张力升高。原油组分在界面上的竞争吸附不利于界面张力降低，PO数增加，与原油的界面张力逐渐降低。该类表面活性剂在海水条件下依然具有高界面活性，适用于海上油藏化学驱提高采收率。 The aim of this work was to systematically explore the relationship between the structure of extended surfactants and their abilities in reducing interfacial tension （IFT） under seawater conditions. Those extended surfactants with different structures were selected to test IFT. The effects of hydrophobic alkyl chain length, alkyl branching, and numbers of oxypropylene （PO） and oxyethylene （EO） groups on the ability of reducing IFT were investigated. The results showed that by increasing the length of the alkyl chain and the branching of the hydrophobic group, the effectiveness in reduction of IFT was small, which could not achieve the ultra-low level （<10-2 mN/m）. In contrast, the PO number was a key factor affecting the IFTs of the extended surfactant solutions against hydrocarbons and crude oil. The IFT could be reduced to the magnitude order of 10-3 mN/m at appropriate hydrophilic-lipophilic balance by spirally curling the long PO segment and thus increasing the hydrophobic group size. The increase of EO groups lead to incompact arrangement of molecules at the interface, resulting in the increase of IFT. The competitive adsorption of crude oil components at the interface was unfavorable to the decrease of interfacial tension. The increase of PO number lead to the gradual decrease of IFT against crude oil. This extended surfactant showed high interfacial activity under seawater conditions, which was suitable for chemical flooding to enhance oil recovery in offshore reservoirs. 数据和表 | 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

科技讲座

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天然生物质材料的制备、性质与应用（Ⅶ）——支链异构阴离子多糖胶：黄芪胶 Preparation, properties and applications of natural biomass materials （Ⅶ）Branched heteroglycan anionic polysaccharides: gum tragacanth 周业杰, 刘雅迪, 赵以墨, 孙晓彤, 高宇, 范金石 2024 (7):  767-776.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2024.07.003 摘要 ( 730 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF(2127KB) ( 46 )   黄芪胶是从天然草本植物黄芪中提取的一种多糖类物质，因具有化学稳定性、非致畸性、非免疫原性、生物可降解性、生物相容性和天然无毒等特性，且利用其分子结构中的羟基、羧基、糖苷键等活性官能基团进行分子修饰、化学交联、接枝共聚等改性处理能明显改善其理化性质、增强其功能效用，使得黄芪胶及其改性产物在医药领域、食品加工、水处理、医用材料、日用化学品领域得到广泛应用。本文浅述了黄芪胶的来源、组成和结构，主要理化性质和功能作用，以及提取纯化技术和应用进展情况，并提及了黄芪胶及其改产物当前研究开发所面临的问题和发展趋势。 Gum tragacanth is a kind of polysaccharide extracted from natural herbal plant astragalus membranaceus, which is distinguished by its chemical stability, non-teratogenicity, non-immunogenicity, biodegradability, biocompatibility and natural non-toxicity. Moreover its physical and chemical properties can be significantly improved, and its application performance can be significantly enhanced through molecular modification, chemical cross-linking, graft copolymerization and other modification treatments by utilizing the active functional groups in its molecular structure, such as hydroxyl group, carboxyl group and glycosidic bond. As a result, gum tragacanth and its modified products have been widely used not only in the field of medicine, but also in the fields of food processing, water treatment, medical materials and daily chemical products. In this paper, the source, composition and structure, the main physicochemical properties and functions of gum tragacanth, the key extraction and purification technologies, as well as some recent application examples of gum tragacanth in the above fields are briefly presented. Additionally, the existing challenges and future prospects of research and development of gum tragacanth and its modified derivatives are also highlighted in this paper. 数据和表 | 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

开发与应用

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氧化苦参碱对小鼠皮肤屏障功能障碍的修复作用研究 Study on the reparative effects of oxymatrine on impaired skin barrier function in mice 刘兆亿, 陈鑫宇, 王艳, 李雪, 郭若曦, 张晗 2024 (7):  777-783.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2024.07.004 摘要 ( 702 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF(1928KB) ( 53 )   探讨氧化苦参碱（OMT）乳膏对小鼠皮肤屏障功能的修复作用。将70只雄性ICR小鼠随机分为7组，除正常组小鼠外，采用胶带粘贴法模拟机械损伤，复制皮肤屏障功能障碍小鼠模型。造模后经皮连续给药5天，拍摄照片并测定造模区域的经表皮失水量（TEWL）。实验结束后，HE染色观察皮肤组织形态学变化，酶联免疫吸附法（ELISA）检测皮肤组织中肿瘤坏死因子α （TNF-α）、白细胞介素-8 （IL-8）的含量，通过实时定量PCR （RT-qPCR）检测紧密连接蛋白（ZO-1）、丝聚蛋白（FLG）、水通道蛋白3 （AQP3） mRNA的表达量，通过Western blot检测屏障相关蛋白如封闭蛋白（OCC）、FLG、紧密连接蛋白（Claudin）的表达量。结果显示，与模型组相比，OMT各剂量组均能降低皮肤TEWL，减轻炎症浸润，改善皮肤病理状态，同时高剂组皮肤组织中TNF-α等炎症因子的含量显著降低（P<0.05），ZO-1、FLG mRNA及OCC、FLG、Claudin蛋白的表达显著升高（P<0.05）。因此，OMT具有修复皮肤屏障功能的作用。 This study investigates the reparative effects of oxymatrine （OMT） cream on the skin barrier function in mice. Seventy male ICR mice were randomly divided into seven groups. Except for the normal group, mechanical damage was induced using tape-stripping to create a mouse model of impaired skin barrier function. Following model induction, continuous topical administration of OMT was administered for 5 days, during which time photographs were taken, and transepidermal water loss （TEWL） was measured in the model area. After completing the experiment, morphological changes in skin tissue were observed using Hematoxylin and Eosin （HE） staining. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） was used to determine the levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha （TNF-α） and interleukin （IL）-8 in skin tissue. Real-time quantitative PCR （RT-qPCR） was used to assess the expression levels of tight junction protein （ZO-1）, filaggrin （FLG）, and aquaporin 3 （AQP3） mRNA. Additionally, Western blot analysis was performed to measure the expression levels of occludin （OCC）, FLG, and claudin-1. The results indicated that all OMT dosage groups exhibited a reduction in skin TEWL, alleviation of inflammatory infiltration, and improvement in skin pathological conditions compared to the model group. Moreover, the high-dosage group showed a significant decrease in the levels of inflammatory factors such as TNF-α （P<0.05）, and a significant increase in the expression of ZO-1, FLG mRNA, OCC, FLG, and Claudin （P<0.05）. OMT was found to possess reparative effects on skin barrier function, with its mechanism may be associated with the inhibition of inflammatory factors and the upregulation of barrier-related protein expression. 数据和表 | 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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LP油田沉降罐过渡带原油破乳脱水实验研究 Experimental study on demulsification and dehydration of crude oil in the transition zone of LP oilfield sedimentation tank 张政, 童志明, 杨超, 王占生, 陈武 2024 (7):  784-794.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2024.07.005 摘要 ( 45 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF(2694KB) ( 25 )   LP油田沉降罐过渡带原油中含有起乳化作用的胶态FeS等成分，导致原油脱水困难，不能满足原油进后续电脱水器的要求；分析了过渡带原油物性、原油组分及采出水组成，对FeS脱除剂及破乳剂的筛选进行优化实验，重点研究了FeS脱除剂与破乳剂联合破乳效果及适应性。结果表明，筛选出的FeS脱除剂BLJ-01对FeS有很好的溶解效果，体积分数3%的FeS脱除剂BLJ-01和质量浓度800 mg/L的破乳剂X-75联合使用，55 ℃下可有效去除沉降罐过渡带原油中FeS，沉降罐过渡带原油脱水率达85.78%；BLJ-01与X-75配合使用适应性较强，对含水率超过40%的P2联合站沉降罐过渡带原油脱水率均可达80%以上，且在弱酸或弱碱性条件下都可以表现出优良的破乳效果，也适用于SJ站沉降罐过渡带原油的破乳脱水，并能显著降低破乳剂使用量。 The crude oil in the transition zone of LP oilfield settlement tank contains colloidal FeS and other components that play an emulsifying role, which makes crude oil dehydration difficult and cannot meet the requirements of crude oil inlet electrodehydrator. The physical properties, crude oil composition and produced water composition of crude oil in the transition zone were analyzed, and the screening of FeS remover and demulsifier was optimized, and the demulsification effect and adaptability of the combined FeS remover and demulsifier were studied. The results show that the screened FeS remover BLJ-01 has a good dissolution effect on FeS, and the combination of 3% FeS remover BLJ-01 and 800 mg/L demulsifier X-75 can effectively remove FeS from crude oil in the sedimentation tank transition zone at 55 ℃, with the dehydration rate of crude oil in the sedimentation tank transition zone reachings 85.78%. BLJ-01 has strong adaptability with X-75, and the dehydration rate of crude oil in the transition zone of P2 joint station settlement tank with a water content of more than 40% can reach more than 80%. It can show excellent demulsification effect under weak acid or weak alkaline conditions, which is also suitable for demulsification and dehydration of crude oil in the transition zone of SJ station settlement tank, and can significantly reduce the amount of demulsifier. 数据和表 | 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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交联聚醚破乳剂对胜利油田二元驱采出液破乳性能研究 Study on the emulsion-breaking performance of cross-linked polyether demulsifiers for the emulsion produced by surfactant/polymer flooding in Shengli oilfield 孙立梅, 何海峰, 安申法, 栾智勇, 孙鹏, 王阳, 严峰 2024 (7):  795-802.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2024.07.006 摘要 ( 692 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF(1936KB) ( 35 )   针对胜利油田二元驱采出液存在的破乳困难问题，将脱水型聚醚破乳剂（BP01，TA01和PA08）与清水型聚醚破乳剂（PEI01）交联，制备出交联聚醚破乳剂D-BP，D-TA和D-PA，研究了交联聚醚破乳剂的界面活性和对油水界面膜强度的影响，以及对二元驱采出液的破乳效果。结果表明，在三种交联聚醚破乳剂中，具有超支化结构的D-PA在油水界面上的吸附作用力最强，界面活性最高；D-PA对稀释原油与采出水油水界面膜的影响最大，其吸附在油水界面后形成的界面膜的扩张模量最低。D-PA破乳剂对W/O乳状液的脱水率达到94.4%，对O/W乳状液的除油率达到98.1%。更为重要的是，其能同步处理含W/O和O/W复杂乳状液。D-PA对含W/O和O/W复杂乳状液的综合脱水率高于98%，处理后污水含油低于30 mg/L，游离态聚合物保留率达到了94.8%，油水界面整齐，无乳化中间层，表现出良好的破乳效果。 In view of the difficulties in breaking the emulsion produced by surfactant/polymer flooding in Shengli oilfield, the cross-linked polyether demulsifiers D-BP, D-TA and D-PA were prepared by cross-linking polyether demulsifiers with dewatering function for water-in-oil （W/O） emulsion and polyether demulsifier with oil-removal function for oil-in-water （O/W） emulsion. The interfacial activities of the three cross-linked polyether demulsifiers were investigated. Their effects on the oil-water interfacial film of emulsions were examined, and their emulsion-breaking effects on W/O and O/W emulsions were explored. The results showed that among the three cross-linked polyether demulsifiers, D-PA with hyperbranched structure had the strongest adsorption at the oil-water interface and showed the highest interfacial activity. D-PA had the greatest effect on the oil-water interfacial film formed by the kerosene-diluted crude oil and produced water. The new film formed after D-PA adsorption at the oil-water interface had the lowest interfacial dilatational modulus. The dewatering rate of W/O emulsion by D-PA was 94.4%, and the oil removal rate for O/W emulsion from the same oilfield reached 98.1%. More importantly, the D-PA demulsifier was capable of simultaneously treating complex emulsions containing W/O and O/W types. The comprehensive dewatering rate by D-PA for the emulsion produced by surfactant/polymer flooding containing W/O and O/W was above 98%, and the oil content of the effluent after treated was less than 30 mg/L. The retention rate of polymer （HPAM） reached 94.8%, and the oil-water interface was neat and without emulsified intermediate layer. 数据和表 | 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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唇部皮肤生理参数的多维度分析和研究 Multidimensional analysis and study of physiological parameters of lip skin 彭常梅, 冯洁, 姚天波, 张婉萍, 郑时莲 2024 (7):  803-811.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2024.07.007 摘要 ( 84 )   HTML ( 13 )   PDF(2457KB) ( 76 )   通过考察不同地区、不同年龄和不同性别受试者唇部皮肤基础状态，进行唇部生理参数的多维度分析和研究，并通过唇油对唇部皮肤的干预，来探究影响唇部皮肤性状的主要因素。用无创性评价方法测定了华东地区（73名）和华北地区（50名）受试者（18~35岁73名，35~60岁50名；男性55名，女性68名）唇部下唇的水分含量、TEWL、光泽度、弹性、L*a*b*值和纹理8个皮肤生理参数。研究结果表明，华东地区组受试者唇部基础状态的经皮水分散失（Trans Epidermal Water Loss，TEWL）值（51.99±17.37）、L*值（51.99±8.83）、b*值（15.40±1.56）和纹理值（15.10±6.43）分别显著高于华北地区组（P<0.05）。35~60岁组受试者唇部基础状态的水分含量（56.82±12.63）和皮肤弹性（0.78±0.18）显著高于18~35岁组（P<0.05）。男性组唇部基础状态的TEWL值（52.08±17.68）显著高于女性组（43.48±16.03）（P<0.05）。通过唇油对唇部皮肤的干预，与基础状态相比，受试者使用唇油后其唇部水分含量均是先降低后逐渐升高；TEWL值先显著性降低后逐渐增加；光泽度、弹性和纹理均是先增加后减小；皮肤色泽（L*a*b*值）的变化不显著。由此可知，受试者唇部皮肤生理参数不仅受到地区、年龄以及性别的影响，还与受试者唇部基础状态及唇部产品的使用频率等因素相关。 To investigate the basic state of lip skin in subjects of different regions, ages and genders, multi-dimensional analysis and research on lip physiological parameters were conducted, and the main factors affecting lip skin traits through the intervention of lip oil on lip skin were explored. Subjects （73 aged 18-35 years old, 50 aged 35-60 years old, and 55 males, 68 females） in East China （73） and North China （50） were determined by noninvasive evaluation method. Eight skin physiological parameters of moisture content, TEWL, gloss, elasticity, L*a*b* value and texture of the lower lip were measured. The results of this study show that the trans epidermal water loss （TEWL） values of 51.99±17.37, L* values of 51.99±8.83, b* values of 15.40±1.56 and texture values of 15.10±6.43 in the East China group are significantly higher than those in the North China group （P<0.05）. The moisture content （56.82±12.63） and skin elasticity （0.78±0.18） of the 35-60 years old group are significantly higher than those in the 18-35 years old group （P<0.05）. The TEWL value of the basal state of the lips （52.08±17.68） in the male group is significantly higher than that in the female group （43.48±16.03）（P<0.05）. Through the intervention of lip oil on the skin of the lips, compared with the basic state, the moisture content of the lips of the subjects after using the lip oil first decreases and then gradually increases. TEWL first decreases significantly and then gradually increases. The gloss, elasticity and texture are first increased and then decreased. The change in skin color （L*a*b* value） is not significant. In summary, the physiological parameters of the subjects’ lip skin are not only affected by the regions, ages and genders, but also related to the basic state of the subjects’ lips and the frequency of lip products usage. 数据和表 | 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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有机硅季铵盐的合成及其在洗护领域中的应用 Study on the synthesis of silicone quaternary ammonium salt and its application in the detergent and softener 蔡国强, 王琳, 张艳, 何美林, 张蕾, 何一波 2024 (7):  812-820.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2024.07.008 摘要 ( 66 )   HTML ( 8 )   PDF(3234KB) ( 31 )   利用N，N-二甲基十二烷基胺与不同分子量的端环氧聚醚硅油进行端环氧基开环反应，合成出不同硅氧链长的二甲基十二烷基有机硅季铵盐。通过FT-IR确定了有机硅季铵盐产物的合成结构；考察了不同分子量有机硅季铵盐与市场样以及纯棉织物经样品处理后的抑菌效果；考察了不同分子量有机硅季铵盐及其在柔顺剂体系中对织物表面Zeta电位的影响；考察了有机硅季铵盐在柔顺剂体系中的柔顺效果、在多元表面活性剂体系中的抗再沉积性能。结果表明，研制的有机硅季铵盐具有优良的抑菌效果，在低质量分数（0.1%）下即可达到大于99.9%的抑菌率。同时有机硅季铵盐能吸附到织物表面，改变织物表面Zeta电位，仅1%有机硅季铵盐即可使织物表面Zeta电位从负电位提升至正电位，提升效果明显优于市场样。所研制的有机硅季铵盐不仅能提升柔顺剂对织物的柔顺效果，还能在洗涤剂体系中提高织物对炭黑和黄泥土的抗再沉积作用。相比于聚酯纤维，有机硅季铵盐在纤维素纤维上具有更好的抗再沉积效果。 Silicone quaternary ammonium salts were synthesized by the ring-opening reaction between N, N-dimethyl-dodecyl amine and epoxy polyether modified silicone oils of different molecular weights. The molecular structure of products of silicone quaternary ammonium salts were characterized by FT-IR. The bacteriostatic effects of these silicone quaternary ammonium salts with different molecular weights, as well as some commercial samples and the cotton fabrics treated by them, were investigated. The Zeta potential of fabric surface treated by the single solution and the softener containing quaternary ammonium salt was also studied. The fabric-softening effect in softener and the anti-redeposition effect in detergent were studied for silicone quaternary ammonium salt. The results showed that the synthesized silicone quaternary ammonium salt had excellent bacteriostatic effect with antibacterial rate above 99.9% at a dosage as low as 0.1% （w/%）. The Zeta potential of treated fabric was increased due to the adsorption of silicone quaternary ammonium salt. A solution of merely 1% silicone quaternary ammonium salt （MW 5 000） was able to change the surface of cotton fabric from negatively charged to positively charged, which was much better than that of the commercial samples. Moreover, the synthesized silicone quaternary ammonium salt showed significant softening effect in softener system and good anti-redeposition effects against carbon black and yellow soil in the detergent system. The anti-redeposition effect on cellulose fabric was better than that on polyester fabric. 数据和表 | 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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基于月桂酰肌氨酸异丙酯为油相的高负载量槲皮素微乳的研究 Study of quercetin-loaded microemulsion with high loading capacity based on isopropyl lauroyl sarcosine as oil phase 王强, 徐永林, 刁岩 2024 (7):  821-827.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2024.07.009 摘要 ( 58 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF(1598KB) ( 105 )   槲皮素在清除自由基以及皮肤保护等领域具有重要的应用前景，然而其存在水溶性低等缺陷，造成其载体开发受到一定程度的限制。前期研究发现，槲皮素在月桂酰肌氨酸异丙酯中的溶解度可达（83.30±2.65） mg/g，并远高于其他油脂，因此通过将具有较高槲皮素增溶性能的月桂酰肌氨酸异丙酯作为油相，采用低能乳化法构建槲皮素微乳体系，并对该体系的理化性质进行评价。结果表明，槲皮素微乳体系呈现圆整规整的球形，成型性好且分散较为均匀，其平均粒径为（38.6±0.5） nm，PDI值为0.18±0.07，Zeta电位为（-28.16±1.02） mV，pH值为6.23±0.18，同时测得体系中槲皮素的包封率为98.85%±2.36%，负载量为3.24%±0.12%。此外，构建的槲皮素微乳体系还属于非牛顿流体中的假塑性流体，并可表现出更多的弹性特征。上述结果表明月桂酰肌氨酸异丙酯作为微乳的分散相具有显著提高槲皮素溶解度和负载量的潜力，这对于提高槲皮素的功效以及减少微乳体系的用量或使用频率均具有重要意义。 Quercetin is well known for its significant scavenging properties on oxidizing species, and can play a protective role against ultraviolet radiation-induced damage, thus improving skin condition and preventing skin aging. However, its low solubility in water is the main reason of its formulation difficulties. To overcome these problems, a proper and effective drug delivery system development is essential. Moreover, previous studies found that the solubility of quercetin in isopropyl lauroyl sarcosine could reach a maximum of （83.30±2.65） mg/g, which was much higher than other oils. Therefore, in this study, quercetin-loaded microemulsion was prepared by low energy emulsification method using isopropyl lauroyl sarcosine as the oil phase due to its good solubilizing capacity, and then some physicochemical properties （i.e., microscopic morphology, droplet size, pH, encapsulation efficiency, loading capacity, etc.） of the microemulsion system were evaluated. The microemulsion is found to be spherical in shape with an uniform size distribution, and the average droplet size, PDI, Zeta potential and pH value are measured to be （38.6±0.5） nm, 0.18±0.07, （-28.16±1.02） mV and 6.23±0.18, respectively. Meanwhile, the encapsulation efficiency and loading capacity of quercetin in the microemulsion system are calculated to be 98.85%±2.36% and 3.24%±0.12%, respectively. Additionally, it can be found that the microemulsion system presented non-Newtonian pseudoplastic fluid and predominantly elastic behaviors. The above results indicate that the microemulsion system comprising isopropyl lauroyl sarcosine as the dispersion phase has the potential to effectively improve the solubility and loading capacity of quercetin, which is of great significance for improving the efficacy of quercetin and reducing the used amount and frequency of the microemulsion system. 数据和表 | 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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檀香木提取物对皮肤嗅觉受体的影响及功效 Effect of sandalwood extract on olfactory receptor and its clinical efficacy 江月明, 鲁文嘉, 瞿欣 2024 (7):  828-835.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2024.07.010 摘要 ( 92 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF(3769KB) ( 244 )   研究旨在探讨衰老对皮肤嗅觉受体OR2AT4的影响及檀香木提取物的作用机理和人体功效。通过不同年龄的体外重建表皮模型研究了年龄和OR2AT4的关系，并建立衰老表皮模型和毛囊真皮乳头细胞模型研究了檀香木提取物对OR2AT4的激活作用，通过毛囊真皮乳头细胞模型研究了檀香木提取物促进生长期延长因子IGF-1产生的作用。同时结合人体功效测试验证其抗衰老和防脱的功效。体外试验结果表明，OR2AT4的表达水平随年龄增加而减少。经1%檀香木提取物处理后，衰老表皮模型中的OR2AT4显著提升46%。同时，0.002%檀香木提取物作用于毛囊真皮乳头细胞时，可以促进IGF-1的产生，显著提升27%。临床试验结果表明，使用含2%檀香木提取物的面部乳霜28天后，皮肤水分含量、亮度、紧致度和皱纹均有所改善。使用含2%檀香木提取物的头皮精华86天后，头发密度显著提升。综上，檀香木提取物通过激活皮肤嗅觉受体改善皮肤衰老表征及防止因毛囊缺乏活力引起的脱发问题。 Olfactory receptors （OR） are a class of membrane proteins that can specifically bind to external chemicals （ligands）, thereby inducing intracellular signal transmission. In this work, the impact of aging on OR, the mechanism of sandalwood extract and its clinical efficacies were studied. The relationship between age and OR was studied using reconstructed human epidermis （RHEs） at different ages. The models of senescent RHE and hair follicle dermal papilla cells were established to study the activation of OR2AT4 by sandalwood extract. The role of sandalwood extract in promoting the production of anagen-prolonging factor IGF-1 was studied using hair follicle dermal papilla cell model. The results of in vitro test showed that, the expression of OR2AT4 decreased with age. The level of OR2AT4 in senescent RHE was significantly increased by 46% after treated with 1% sandalwood extract. In addition, 0.002% sandalwood extract could promote the production of IGF-1 in hair follicle dermal papilla cell model, which was significantly increased by 27%. The clinical results demonstrated that, the skin water content, skin tone, skin firmness and wrinkles were all improved after using a cream containing 2% sandalwood extract for 28 days. Hair density was significantly improved after using a scalp serum containing 2% sandalwood for 86 days. In conclusion, sandalwood extract could activate the expression of OR2AT4 and IGF-1 to improve skin aging signs and treat hair loss issue induced by hair follicle aging. 数据和表 | 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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大黄酸通过抑制p38 MAPK磷酸化减轻UVB诱导的皮肤光老化损伤 Rhein attenuates UVB-induced skin photoaging injury by inhibiting p38 MAPK phosphorylation 邵冠儒, 张坤阳 2024 (7):  836-843.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2024.07.011 摘要 ( 87 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF(2176KB) ( 50 )   揭示大黄酸（rhein）对紫外线B（UVB）诱导的皮肤光老化损伤的影响及机制。将大鼠分为6组，分别为正常对照组（NC）、UVB组、低剂量Rhein组（L-Rhein）、中剂量Rhein组（M-Rhein）、高剂量Rhein组（H-Rhein）和高剂量Rhein+p38 MAPK激动剂Anisomycin组（H-Rhein+Anisomycin）。NC组大鼠仅剃毛，不照射，其他组进行UVB照射。大黄酸的给药途径为口服。大鼠共治疗8周。治疗结束后，分别测定各组大鼠的体重、表皮含水量、皮肤组织中氧化应激指标水平，并对皮肤组织进行HE染色和Masson三色染色，计算胶原体积分数（CVF）。通过RT-qPCR检测皮肤组织中TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6、MMP-1、MMP-3和CollagenⅠmRNA水平。通过Western blotting检测皮肤组织中p-p38 MAPK和p38 MAPK蛋白水平。结果显示，与UVB组比较，L-Rhein组、M-Rhein组和H-Rhein组大鼠皮肤p38 MAPK磷酸化水平降低，表皮含水量升高，皮肤损伤减轻，CVF升高，皮肤MMP-1和MMP-3 mRNA相对表达量降低，CollagenⅠmRNA相对表达量升高，皮肤SOD、CAT和GSH-Px水平升高，MDA水平降低，皮肤TNF-α、IL-1β和IL-6 mRNA相对表达量降低（P<0.05）。Anisomycin减弱了大黄酸的皮肤保护作用（P<0.05）。说明大黄酸通过抑制p38 MAPK磷酸化减轻UVB诱导的皮肤光老化损伤。因此，大黄酸可能是一种防治皮肤光老化的候选天然药物。 The study aimed to reveal the effect and mechanism of rhein on skin photoaging injury induced by ultraviolet B （UVB）. Rats were divided into 6 groups: normal control group （NC）, UVB group, low dose Rhein group （L-Rhein）, medium dose Rhein group （M-Rhein）, high dose Rhein group （H-Rhein） and high dose Rhein+p38 MAPK agonist Anisomycin group （H-Rhein+Anisomycin）. Rats in the NC group were shaved without irradiation, while the other groups were irradiated with UVB. In this study, the administration route of rhein was oral administration. Rats were treated for 8 weeks. After treatment, the body weight, water content of epidermis and the levels of oxidative stress indexes （SOD, CAT, GSH-Px and MDA） in skin tissue were measured, and the skin tissue was stained with HE staining and Masson trichrome staining, and the volume fraction of collagen （CVF） was calculated. The levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, MMP-1, MMP-3 and Collagen Ⅰ mRNA in skin tissue were detected by RT-qPCR. The protein levels of p-p38 MAPK and p38 MAPK in skin tissue were detected by Western blotting. The results show that compared with UVB group, the phosphorylation level of p38 MAPK in L-Rhein group, M-Rhein group and H-Rhein group decreases, the water content of epidermis increases, the skin injury is alleviated, CVF increases, the relative expression of MMP-1 and MMP-3 mRNA decreases, the relative expression of Collagen Ⅰ mRNA increases, the level of SOD, CAT and GSH-Px increassd, the level of MDA decreases, and the relative expression of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 mRNA decreases in the skin （P<0.05）. Anisomycin attenuates the skin protective effect of rhein （P<0.05）. This study shows that rhein attenuates UVB-induced skin photoaging injury by inhibiting p38 MAPK phosphorylation. Therefore, Rhein may be a candidate natural drug for the prevention and treatment of skin photoaging. 数据和表 | 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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洗衣废水影响纳米银团聚及溶解行为的关键因素研究进展 Aggregation and dissolution behavior of silver nanoparticles in laundry wastewater: A review 谷秀君, 罗萍, 蔡承建, 杨德军, 蒋家超, 杨靖 2024 (7):  844-852.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2024.07.012 摘要 ( 751 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF(1275KB) ( 38 )   纳米银因卓越的抗菌性能被广泛用于纺织品生产中。然而，在纺织品洗涤过程中，大量的纳米银会释放并进入到洗衣废水中。不同的洗涤条件决定了释放出的纳米银的团聚及溶解行为，进而影响后续环境过程并对水生生物及生态系统产生负面影响。为探究不同洗涤条件对纳米银团聚及溶解行为的具体影响，降低纳米银所带来的环境风险，文章归纳了国内外相关研究文献，在分析洗衣废水特点的基础上，讨论了废水中洗涤剂种类、光照、pH值、离子强度等条件对纳米银团聚及溶解行为的单独或联合作用与影响机理，并根据机理提出了减小纳米银生物毒性的建议，包括减少洗涤过程中纳米银的释放及洗衣废水处理方法的改善，最后对洗衣废水中纳米银未来的研究方向进行展望，提出了后续研究建议。 Silver nanoparticles have been widely used in textiles because of excellent antibacterial properties to inhibit the growth of bacteria and pathogenic microorganisms. However, the massive use of silver nanoparticles can also cause harm to the ecological environment. During the textile washing process, a large amount of silver nanoparticles will be released and enter the laundry wastewater. The washing conditions, including detergents, light, pH, and ionic strength, can affect the aggregation and dissolution behavior of silver nanoparticles, thereby affecting subsequent environmental processes and negatively affecting aquatic organisms and ecosystems. In this review, relevant domestic and foreign research literature were summarized to explore the effects of different washing conditions on the aggregation and dissolution behavior of silver nanoparticles, and to reduce the environmental risks brought by silver nanoparticles. The characteristics of laundry wastewater were summarized. Based on the characteristics of water quality, the influences of different washing conditions on the aggregation and dissolution behavior of silver nanoparticles in laundry wastewater were summarized. The single or combined effects and mechanisms of detergent types, light, pH, ionic strength and other washing conditions in laundry wastewater on the aggregation and dissolution behavior of silver nanoparticles were discussed. According to the mechanism, some suggestions were put forward to reduce the biological toxicity of silver nanoparticles, including reducing the release of silver nanoparticles during washing, and optimizing the treatment of laundry wastewater. Finally, the future research direction of silver nanoparticles in laundry wastewater was prospected, and the follow-up research suggestions were put forward. This review could provide a reference for further research on the migration and transformation of silver nanoparticles in laundry wastewater or other polluted water bodies, and also provide a way to reduce the release of silver nanoparticles in the washing process and control the pollution caused by silver nanoparticles. 数据和表 | 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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3种熊果苷的安全性评价进展及其化妆品法规管理现状 Safety evaluation progress of three kinds of arbutin and its current status in cosmetics regulations 吴姣娇, 章为, 王彦超, 裴新荣 2024 (7):  853-858.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2024.07.013 摘要 ( 75 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF(1132KB) ( 177 )   α-熊果苷、β-熊果苷、脱氧熊果苷具有良好的美白作用，但在一定条件下容易产生氢醌，有导致外源性褐黄病、白斑病、致敏、致癌等风险，因此其安全性备受国内外关注。文章通过整理总结近些年欧盟消费者安全科学委员会（SCCS）关于α-熊果苷、β-熊果苷、脱氧熊果苷的安全性评价报告，以及不同国家和地区化妆品法规对熊果苷的监管情况，以期了解熊果苷的安全性评价状况，为我国化妆品中熊果苷的使用及监管提供参考。 α-arbutin, β-arbutin and deoxyarbutin have good whitening effect, but they are easy to produce hydroquinone under certain conditions, which has the risk of exogenous ochronosis, achromodermia, sensitization, and carcinogenesis. So their safety has attracted much attention at home and abroad. The author summarizes the safety evaluation reports of α-arbutin, β-arbutin and deoxyarbutin by the Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety （SCCS） of the European Union in recent years, as well as the supervision situation of cosmetics regulations in different countries and regions, in order to understand the safety evaluation status of arbutin and provide references for the use and supervision of arbutin in cosmetics in China. 数据和表 | 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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品牌人格化IP在化妆品包装设计中的应用 The application of brand personification IP in cosmetics packaging design 史海云, 华岩 2024 (7):  859-865.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2024.07.014 摘要 ( 40 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF(2994KB) ( 34 )   在化妆品市场竞争日益激烈的当下，品牌人格化IP已成为化妆品品牌营销的一种重要方式。采用文献研究、案例分析以及实践研究等方法，对品牌人格化及品牌人格化IP的特征，化妆品品牌IP的人格化建构及其在化妆品包装设计中的作用等展开研究。提出了化妆品品牌人格化IP的建构模型，并以荣格“原型”理论为基础对化妆品品牌人格化IP的人格提炼进行了探索，以认知联结主义模型理论为基础对化妆品品牌人格化IP在包装设计中的应用进行了人格化关联词提取，最终以自拟化妆品品牌Dubao为设计案例，对其品牌人格化IP及包装进行了设计实践。研究表明，品牌人格化IP应用于化妆品包装设计，对增强消费者体验、树立化妆品品牌形象以及促进产品销售都具有积极的促进作用。 In the increasingly fierce competition in the cosmetics market, brand personification IP has become an important way of cosmetics brand marketing. This paper uses the methods of literature research, case analysis and practice research to study the characteristics of brand personification and brand personification IP, the personification construction of cosmetics brand IP and its role in cosmetics packaging design. This paper puts forward the construction model of cosmetics brand personification IP, and explores the personification of cosmetics brand personification IP based on Jung’s “prototype” theory. Based on cognitive connectionism model theory, this paper extracts the personification related words from the application of cosmetics brand personification IP in packaging design. Finally, taking Dubao, a self-designed cosmetics brand, as a design case, the design practice of its brand personification IP and packaging is carried out. The research shows that the application of brand personification IP in cosmetic packaging design has a positive promoting effect on enhancing consumer experience, establishing cosmetic brand image and promoting product sales. 数据和表 | 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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两种体外评价抗氧化活性方法影响因素分析：DPPH和ABTS Influence factors analysis of two methods for evaluating antioxidant activity in vitro: DPPH and ABTS assays 贾雪丽, 祖姆热提·艾孜则, 毕永贤, 何聪芬, 唐萌, 董坤 2024 (7):  866-872.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2024.07.015 摘要 ( 65 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF(1108KB) ( 52 )   目前体外评价抗氧化活性方法在食品、医药和化妆品等领域广泛应用，但没有一种方法可真实准确反映抗氧化剂的“总抗氧化能力”，每种检测方法都存在一定缺点和局限性。DPPH法和ABTS法因快速、简单、成本低、可检测大量样本等优点，被广泛接受并使用，但不同抗氧化剂溶剂、结构、浓度和空间可及性、吸收信号、反应时间等因素对测定结果准确性存在影响。本研究依据影响DPPH法和ABTS法检测准确性的不同因素分析发现，DPPH法更适合评价以有机溶剂为反应溶剂、非极性/极性较小、反应较慢的抗氧化剂，且容易受到抗氧化剂颜色的影响，如色素；光照、金属离子、pH值波动也会影响DPPH法的稳定性。ABTS法更适合评价以水为反应溶剂、极性较大、反应迅速的抗氧化剂。因此，为准确测定抗氧化剂活性，应依据样品特征选择适合方法，同时建议使用至少两种或以上方法，以全面反映抗氧化剂活性。 Currently, in vitro evaluation of antioxidant activity is widely used in the fields of food, medicine and cosmetics, but none of the methods can truly and accurately reflect the “total antioxidant capacity” of antioxidants, and each assay has certain shortcomings and limitations. The DPPH and ABTS methods are widely accepted and used because they are rapid, simple, low-cost, and can detect a large number of samples. However, different antioxidant solvents, structures, concentrations and spatial polarizability, absorption signals, and reaction times have an impact on the accuracy of the results. In this study, based on the analysis of different factors affecting the accuracy of the DPPH and ABTS methods, it is found that DPPH method is more suitable for evaluating antioxidants with organic solvents as reaction solvents, nonpolar/lower polarity, and slower reaction, and the method is easily affected by the color of the antioxidants, such as pigments, light, metal ions, and fluctuations in pH. The ABTS method is more suitable for evaluating antioxidants with water as the reaction solvent, high polarity and rapid reaction. Therefore, in order to accurately determine the antioxidant activity, suitable methods should be selected according to the characteristics of the samples, and it is also recommended to use at least two or more methods to fully reflect the antioxidant activity. 数据和表 | 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

分析与检测

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UPLC-MS/MS法测定化妆品中5种美白剂 Determination of 5 whitening agents in cosmetics using UPLC-MS/MS 王昌钊, 李子豪, 王一欣, 杨玥 2024 (7):  873-878.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2024.07.016 摘要 ( 105 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF(1230KB) ( 71 )   建立了超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法（UPLC-MS/MS）测定化妆品中5种美白剂的方法。样品采用甲醇-水（70∶30）溶液作为提取溶剂，超声提取30 min，采用ZORBAX RR StableBond Aq（Agilent）色谱柱进行液相分离，梯度洗脱，采用电喷雾离子源负离子模式扫描和多反应监测模式采集。结果表明，在最优条件下，5种美白成分实现有效分离，以水乳、霜膏、粉饼化妆品为基质的标准工作曲线均在1.0~200.0 ng/mL范围内线性良好，相关系数R2≥0.996，方法检出限为0.01~0.1 mg/kg，定量限为0.03~0.3 mg/kg。3种不同基质的化妆品样品在1倍、2倍、10倍定量限浓度加标的平均回收率为82.6%~104.8%，相对标准偏差为2.1%~8.6%（n=6）。该方法操作简便，准确性良好，适用于不同基质化妆品中脱氧熊果苷、α-熊果苷、β-熊果苷、对苯二酚和熊果酸5种美白剂的测定。 A method was established for quantitative determination of five whitening agents in cosmetics using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry （UPLC-MS/MS）. The samples were extracted with methanol-water solution （70∶30）, ultrasonic extraction for 30 minutes and then separated by Agilent column （ZORBAX RR StableBond Aq） followed by gradient elution. An electrospray ionization （ESI） source in negative ion mode was utilized for multiple reaction monitoring （MRM） scanning. The results show that under optimal conditions no obvious matrix effect exists in 3 different cosmetic matrices. Among the three cosmetics with different types of matrices, good linearity is obtained for five whitening agents in the range of 1.0-200.0 ng/mL, and the correlation coefficients （R2） are more than 0.996. The limit of detection （LOD） and limit of quantitation （LOQ） are 0.01-0.1 mg/kg and 0.03-0.3 mg/kg, respectively. Spike recovery is performed on three cosmetics at three different spike levels （1, 2, and 10 times of the LOQ）, and the average recovery range is 82.6%-104.8% with a relative standard deviation of 2.1%-8.6% （n=6）. This method is easy to implement, efficient and accurate. It is suitable for quantitative analysis of five whitening agents, including deoxyarbutin, α-arbutin, β-arbutin, hydroquinone, and ursolic acid in common cosmetics, providing technical support for the regulation and risk monitoring of the cosmetics industry. 数据和表 | 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标