有机硅季铵盐的合成及其在洗护领域中的应用

doi:10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2024.07.008

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

利用N，N-二甲基十二烷基胺与不同分子量的端环氧聚醚硅油进行端环氧基开环反应，合成出不同硅氧链长的二甲基十二烷基有机硅季铵盐。通过FT-IR确定了有机硅季铵盐产物的合成结构；考察了不同分子量有机硅季铵盐与市场样以及纯棉织物经样品处理后的抑菌效果；考察了不同分子量有机硅季铵盐及其在柔顺剂体系中对织物表面Zeta电位的影响；考察了有机硅季铵盐在柔顺剂体系中的柔顺效果、在多元表面活性剂体系中的抗再沉积性能。结果表明，研制的有机硅季铵盐具有优良的抑菌效果，在低质量分数（0.1%）下即可达到大于99.9%的抑菌率。同时有机硅季铵盐能吸附到织物表面，改变织物表面Zeta电位，仅1%有机硅季铵盐即可使织物表面Zeta电位从负电位提升至正电位，提升效果明显优于市场样。所研制的有机硅季铵盐不仅能提升柔顺剂对织物的柔顺效果，还能在洗涤剂体系中提高织物对炭黑和黄泥土的抗再沉积作用。相比于聚酯纤维，有机硅季铵盐在纤维素纤维上具有更好的抗再沉积效果。

关键词: 有机硅季铵盐, 抑菌, 柔顺, 抗再沉积

Abstract:

Silicone quaternary ammonium salts were synthesized by the ring-opening reaction between N, N-dimethyl-dodecyl amine and epoxy polyether modified silicone oils of different molecular weights. The molecular structure of products of silicone quaternary ammonium salts were characterized by FT-IR. The bacteriostatic effects of these silicone quaternary ammonium salts with different molecular weights, as well as some commercial samples and the cotton fabrics treated by them, were investigated. The Zeta potential of fabric surface treated by the single solution and the softener containing quaternary ammonium salt was also studied. The fabric-softening effect in softener and the anti-redeposition effect in detergent were studied for silicone quaternary ammonium salt. The results showed that the synthesized silicone quaternary ammonium salt had excellent bacteriostatic effect with antibacterial rate above 99.9% at a dosage as low as 0.1% （w/%）. The Zeta potential of treated fabric was increased due to the adsorption of silicone quaternary ammonium salt. A solution of merely 1% silicone quaternary ammonium salt （M_W 5 000） was able to change the surface of cotton fabric from negatively charged to positively charged, which was much better than that of the commercial samples. Moreover, the synthesized silicone quaternary ammonium salt showed significant softening effect in softener system and good anti-redeposition effects against carbon black and yellow soil in the detergent system. The anti-redeposition effect on cellulose fabric was better than that on polyester fabric.

Key words: organosilicon quaternary ammonium salt, bacteriostasis, soften, anti-redeposition

中图分类号:

TQ649

蔡国强, 王琳, 张艳, 何美林, 张蕾, 何一波. 有机硅季铵盐的合成及其在洗护领域中的应用[J]. 日用化学工业（中英文）, 2024, 54(7): 812-820.

Guoqiang Cai, Lin Wang, Yan Zhang, Meilin He, Lei Zhang, Yibo He. Study on the synthesis of silicone quaternary ammonium salt and its application in the detergent and softener[J]. China Surfactant Detergent & Cosmetics, 2024, 54(7): 812-820.

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参考文献 17

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序号	w/%
序号	AES	AEO-9	LAS
1	0	15	0
2	7.5	7.5	0
3	15	0	0
4	0	7.5	7.5
5	7.5	0	7.5
6	0	0	15
7	5	5	5
8	2.5	10	2.5
9	10	2.5	2.5
10	2.5	2.5	10

原料	w/%
有机硅季铵盐	1
Tween-20	1
聚丙烯酰胺共聚物	1.2
苯氧乙醇	0.1
香精	0.1
水	余量
pH	4.5左右

评测标准	柔软度评分
十分粗糙、硬挺、涩感	1
粗糙、较硬、地毯的感觉	2
偶尔感觉粗糙、稍蓬松、有滑糯感	3
柔软、较光滑、有蓬松感	4
非常柔软、光滑、有弹性	5

原料名称	测试质量分数/%	抑菌率/%
原料名称	测试质量分数/%	金黄色葡萄球菌	大肠杆菌
市场样1	0.1	12.2	16.7
市场样1	1	>99.9	15.9
市场样2	0.1	50.7	18.2
市场样2	1	>99.9	50.7
5000-1	0.1	>99.9	>99.9
5000-1	1	>99.9	>99.9

样品	织物表面Zeta电位/mV
空白	-23.13
5000-1	+5.24
9000-1	-7.05
市场样1	-5.45