有机反离子十六烷基三甲基铵的表面活性及应用性能

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-1803.2022.02.002

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

研究了十六烷基三甲基甲酸铵（HTAF）、十六烷基三甲基乙酸铵（HTAA）和十六烷基三甲基丁酸铵（HTAE）的表面活性、抗静电性、耐盐和耐酸碱性、金属腐蚀性、抑菌性和生物降解性,并对HTAF与脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钠（AES）、脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚羧酸钠（AEC-9Na）和非离子表面活性剂烷基糖苷（APG₁₂₁₄）二元复配体系的抑菌性和去污洗涤效果进行了测试。结果表明：HTAE的临界胶束浓度（cmc）和表面张力（γ_cmc）皆低于HTAF和HTAA;HTAF和HTAA的抗静电性能与传统抗静电剂十八烷基二甲基羟乙基硝酸铵（SN）处于一个数量级,HTAE的抗静电性较差;三种有机反离子季铵盐对一价Na⁺和二价Ca²⁺,Mg²⁺都具有优良的耐盐性（>200 g/L）,并且耐酸碱性能较好;有机反离子季铵盐对金属的腐蚀性明显低于十六烷基三甲基氯化铵（HTAC）;三种有机反离子季铵盐的7天初级生物降解度都大于98%;在20 mg/kg含量下,HTAF对金黄色葡萄球菌（S. aureus）和大肠杆菌（E. coli）仍表现出较好的抑菌效果（>95%）。二元复配体系表明：AES/HTAF混合体系相比标准洗衣液具有更好的去污效果,但基本无抑菌性能;AEC-9Na/HTAF混合体系兼具优异的抑菌和去污洗涤性能;APG₁₂₁₄/HTAF混合体系抑菌性能较好,但去污效果较差。

关键词: 有机反离子十六烷基三甲基铵, 抗静电性, 金属腐蚀性, 抑菌性, 复配体系

Abstract:

The surface activity, antistatic performance, salt resistance, acid and alkali resistance, metal corrosion, antimicrobial properties and biodegradability of cetrimonium formate （HTAF）, cetrimonium acetate （HTAA） and cetrimonium butyrate （HTAE） were investigated, and the antibacterial properties and detergency of binary mixed systems of HTAF mixed with sodium alkylpolyoxyethylene sulphate （AES）, sodium polyoxyethylene alkyl ether carboxylate （AEC-9Na） and alkyl glucoside （APG₁₂₁₄） were measured. The results are as follows: the critical micelle concentration （cmc） and the surface tension at cmc （γ_cmc） of HTAE are lower than that of HTAF and HTAA; the antistatic performance of HTAF and HTAA is basically at the same order of magnitude as traditional antistatic agent octadecyl dimethyl hydroxyethyl ammonium nitrate （SN）, while the antistatic performance of HTAE is poor; three cetrimonium salts with organic counterions have exhibited strong salt resistance （>200 g/L） against either monovalent Na⁺or divalent Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺, and have good acid and alkali resistance; their corrosiveness to metals is significantly lower than that of cetrimonium chloride （HTAC） ; the primary biodegradability after 7 days for three surfactants is greater than 98%; HTAF shows good antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus （S. aureus） and Escherichia coli （E. coli）（>95%） even at a content of 20 mg/kg. The results of binary mixed systems show that, AES/HTAF mixed system has better detergency than that of standard laundry detergent, but has no antibacterial activity; AEC-9Na/HTAF mixed system has both excellent antibacterial performance and detergency; APG₁₂₁₄/HTAF mixed system has good antibacterial activity but poor detergency.

Key words: cetrimonium salts with organic counterions, antistatic property, metal corrosiveness, bacteriostasis, mixed system

中图分类号:

TQ423

王亚魁,鞠洪斌,耿涛,曹玉朋,杨伟光,丁慧,姜亚洁. 有机反离子十六烷基三甲基铵的表面活性及应用性能[J]. 日用化学工业, 2022, 52(2): 116-123.

Wang Yakui,Ju Hongbin,Geng Tao,Cao Yupeng,Yang Weiguang,Ding Hui,Jiang Yajie. Study on the surface activity and application properties of cetrimonium salts with organic counterions[J]. China Surfactant Detergent & Cosmetics, 2022, 52(2): 116-123.

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种类	cmc/（mol/L）	γ_cmc/（mN/m）	Γ_max/（10^-10mol/cm²）	A_min/nm²	△G⁰_mic/（kJ/mol）	△G⁰_ads/（kJ/mol）	Krafft/℃
HTAF	1.04×10^-3	40.8	2.0	0.81	-34.0	-49.1	<0
HTAA	1.57×10^-3	45.1	1.9	0.87	-32.9	-46.6	<0
HTAE	9.31×10^-4	37.8	2.3	0.70	-34.6	-49.0	<0

样品	质量浓度/（g/L）	R_S/Ω	lg（R_S/Ω)	△lg ρ_s
空白		4.63×10¹³	13.77	0
HTAF	0.35	3.21×10⁹	9.51	4.26
HTAA	0.35	4.76×10⁹	9.68	4.09
HTAE	0.35	6.59×10⁹	9.82	3.95
SN	0.35	9.31×10⁸	8.97	4.80

质量浓度/（g/L）	R_S/Ω	lg（R_S/Ω）	△lg ρ_s
空白	4.63×10¹³	13.77	0
0.1	4.57×10¹⁰	10.66	3.11
0.2	1.31×10¹⁰	10.12	3.65
0.35	3.21×10⁹	9.51	4.26
1.0	5.62×10⁸	8.75	5.02
2.0	2.51×10⁸	8.40	5.37

无机盐种类	无机盐质量浓度/（g/L）
无机盐种类	25	50	100	150	200
NaCl	清晰	清晰	清晰	清晰	清晰
CaCl₂	清晰	清晰	清晰	清晰	清晰
MgSO₄	清晰	清晰	清晰	清晰	清晰

样品	pH值
样品	0.5	1	2	12	13	14
HTAF	1级	1级	1级	1级	1级	1级
HTAA	1级	1级	1级	1级	1级	1级
HTAE	1~2级	1级	1级	1级	1级	1级