化学驱乳化机理及乳化驱油新技术研究进展

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-1803.2019.01.010

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

乳化作用是化学驱的重要机理之一,近年来的研究较多,同时乳化相关驱油新技术也越来越受到重视。介绍了乳化的基本概念,总结了化学驱中乳化作用的机理,分析了化学驱乳化的影响因素,介绍了目前乳化驱油新技术的研究现状,最后在指出目前存在的一些问题的基础上,给出了一些建议。随着化学驱应用规模逐步扩大,对化学驱新技术的需求日益强烈,乳化的研究仍需深入,乳化驱油技术具有较大的研究与应用潜力。

关键词: 化学驱, 乳化, 乳状液, 驱油, 新技术, 进展

Abstract:

Emulsification is one of the important mechanisms in chemical flooding, which is widely studied in recent years. In addition, the new technology of emulsification displacement is focused increasingly. The basic concepts in emulsification have been introduced. The emulsification mechanism in chemical flooding has been summarized, and the influencing factors in chemical flooding emulsification has been analyzed. The current research status of new technology for emulsification displacement has been introduced. Some problems are pointed out and some suggestions are given. As the application of chemical flooding gradually becomes in a larger scale, the demand for new chemical flooding technology is increasingly strong. The deep study of emulsification should go on. The technology of emulsification displacement has great research value and application potential.

Key words: chemical flooding, emulsification, emulsion, oil displacement, new technology, progress

中图分类号:

TE357.46

苑光宇. 化学驱乳化机理及乳化驱油新技术研究进展[J]. 日用化学工业, 2019, 49(1): 44-50.

Guang-yu YUAN. Research progress of the emulsification mechanism in chemical flooding and the new technology of emulsification displacement[J]. China Surfactant Detergent & Cosmetics, 2019, 49(1): 44-50.

图/表 1

参考文献 46

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性质	乳状液	微乳液	胶束
外观	白色,不透明	透明或略带乳光	透明
粒径	大于100 nm,显微镜可见	小于100 nm,显微镜不可见	小于10 nm
质点形状	球形,分散相比例较大时呈不规则形状	球形的孤立粒子	球状、棒状、层状
表面活性剂用量	较少,一般1%~3%	较多,一般5%~20%,常需要助表面活性剂	浓度大于cmc
稳定性	热力学不稳定,静置易分层,离心可使之分离	热力学稳定,静置不易分层,离心不能使之分离	稳定
溶解性	只能与外相混溶	在一定范围内互溶	增溶油或水至饱和
形成方式	外力	自发	自发