植物源黄酮抑菌作用研究进展

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-1803.2021.08.012

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

黄酮类化合物广泛分布于自然界中的水果、蔬菜和中药材内,其中部分黄酮具有抗菌活性,是天然抑菌剂开发的热点。本文综述了植物源黄酮的分类和广谱抑菌性;通过比较不同结构对黄酮抑菌性的影响,总结了不同亚类植物源黄酮的抑菌构效关系;又从细胞整体形态、能量代谢及抑制生物大分子合成方面对植物源黄酮的抑菌机理做出了总结;最后分析了植物源黄酮在食品防腐、化妆品及医药行业的应用前景,旨在为植物源黄酮抑菌剂的开发提供理论参照。

关键词: 植物源黄酮, 天然植物, 构效关系, 抑菌机理, 应用

Abstract:

Flavonoids are widely distributed in nature, from fruits and vegetables to Chinese materia medica, Most of them have been found to have antibacterial activity, so they are the hot spot in the development of safe and natural preservatives. Plant derived flavonoids exist mostly in the form of glycosides and a few are in the form of free aglycones. As a kind of complex components, the antibacterial properties of plant flavonoids are closely related to the structure, classification and extraction methods of flavonoids. In this review, classification and antibacterial activity of bioactive flavonoids in plants was firstly summarized. Then the antibacterial structure-activity relationship trend of bioactive flavonoids was found by comparing the influence of different structure on the antimicrobial activity of flavonoids. Moreover, the antibacterial mechanisms of flavonoids were elucidated from the whole morphology, normal energy metabolism and inhibition of macromolecular synthesis. Finally, the application of bioactive flavonoids in plants as potential preservative in food, cosmetic and medicine were generalized. The main purpose of this review is to provide theoretical reference for flavonoids as antimicrobial agents.

Key words: flavonoids, natural plant, structure-activity relationship, antibacterial mechanism, application

中图分类号:

TQ658

梁海运,马泽盟,孙瑞良,宋丽雅. 植物源黄酮抑菌作用研究进展[J]. 日用化学工业, 2021, 51(8): 775-781.

Liang Haiyun,Ma Zemeng,Sun Ruiliang,Song Liya. Research progress on antibacterial activity of bioactive flavonoids[J]. China Surfactant Detergent & Cosmetics, 2021, 51(8): 775-781.

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序号	不同种类	植物来源
1	黄酮（flavones）	菊科和唇形科植物的枝、叶、果实、树干
2	黄酮醇（flavonols）	多种植物的叶子中,如洋葱、苹果、茶叶等
3	二氢黄酮（flavonones）	未成熟柑橘、豆科、桑科等植物
4	二氢黄酮醇（flavanonols）	广泛分布于多种植物
5	异黄酮类（isoflavones）	豆科类植物
6	查尔酮类（chalcones）	含量不高,以花为主
7	花青素类（anthocyanidins）	花瓣、叶子、根茎和果实中,如李子葡萄
8	黄烷醇类	含鞣质的木本植物

黄酮	取代基位置	抑菌活性	参考文献
7,3’,4’-三羟基黄酮	8H	=	[23]
5,7,2’,4’-五羟基黄酮	3-C,8-C	+	[24]
Oroxylin A	7-OH	+	[25]
Chrysin	7OH-（CH₂）₃	++	[26]
Chrysin	7OH-（CH₂）₅	++	[25]
Apigenin	8-C	++	[27]
Apigenin	8-C	+	[27]

取代位置	取代基	MIC/（μg·mL^-1）		参考文献
取代位置	取代基	革兰氏阳性菌	革兰氏阴性菌	参考文献
8,5’	5,7,2’,4’-OH（S）	S. aureus/1.56;MRSA/1.56	E. coil/0	[28]
8,5’	5,7,2’,4’-OH	S. aureus/3.13;MRSA/3.13	E. coil/0	[28]
3’	5,7,4’-OH,5’-OCH₃	S. aureus/16;MRSA/16	E. coil/0	[29]
3’	5,7,4’-OH,6’-OCH₃	S. aureus/16;MRSA/16	E. coil/0	[29]

黄酮名称	分类	目标菌	对整体形态的影响	参考文献
儿茶素	黄烷醇	肠炎沙门氏菌	破坏细胞壁的LPS而使之发生渗透作用,进一步使ATP从细胞质流出	[34]
Galangin	/	S. aureus	通过过氧化氢途径破坏细胞质膜	[35]
槲皮素和芹菜素	黄酮和黄醇酮	幽门螺杆菌和大肠杆菌	可以抑制D-丙氨酸-D-丙氨酸连接酶活性而抑制细胞壁的合成	[36]
黄烷酮	黄烷酮	粪肠球菌	通过抑制FabG等关键代谢酶的合成而抑制细胞膜的合成	[37]
茶多酚等	黄酮醇	阪崎慢杆菌	SEM和TEM显示其使得菌株胞内碱性磷酸酶等对生理具有重要意义的物质泄漏,导致细胞形态形成不可逆转的损伤	[38]
北欧浆果提取物	/	幽门螺杆菌和蜡状芽孢杆菌	通过与细菌外模的二价阳离子结合使得细胞壁出现凹陷坍塌等现象导致细胞壁的完整性被破坏	[39]