天然生物质材料的制备、性质与应用（Ⅺ）——高支化的高浓低黏植物多糖：阿拉伯胶

doi:10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2024.11.002

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

阿拉伯胶是一种来源于合金欢树（Acacia sengal （L.） Willdenow）及其它亲近树种的具有高度支化结构和复杂组成的天然植物胶。因阿拉伯胶具有良好的水溶性、增稠性、乳化性、稳定性等性质以及安全无毒、生物相容性良好、可生物降解的天然属性，且利用其分子结构中的羟基、糖苷键等活性官能团进行物理、化学、酶处理及共混/复合后能显著改善其理化性质、增强其功效性能，使得阿拉伯胶及其改性产物和复合物在日用化工、食品、医药、纺织印染、油墨、功能材料等多个行业领域得到广泛应用。本文浅述了阿拉伯胶的名称、来源、结构和典型理化性质与功能特性，并较为系统地介绍了阿拉伯胶的提取方法和再加工工艺，同时介绍了阿拉伯胶及其改性产物和复合物的应用情况，并提及了阿拉伯胶及其改性产物和复合物当前所面临的主要问题及今后的研发方向与发展前景。

关键词: 阿拉伯胶, 结构, 性质, 提取, 改性, 复合物, 应用

Abstract:

Arabic gum is one kind of natural plant gum derived from Acacia sengal （L.） Willdenow and other related tree species, characterized by its highly branched structure and complex composition. Arabic gum possesses excellent water solubility, thickening property, emulsifying ability, and stability properties, as well as safe, non-toxic nature, good biocompatibility, and biodegradability. Moreover, both its physicochemical properties and functional performance can be further improved by conducting physical, chemical, enzymatic treatments and blending/composite processing with the active functional groups, such as hydroxyl groups and glycosidic bonds, in the arabic gum molecular structure. As a result, arabic gum, its modified products and composites have been widely used in various industries, including daily-use chemical industry, food processing industry, pharmaceutical industry, textile industry, printing and dyeing industry, ink industry, and functional materials manufacturing industry. In this paper, the name, source, chemical structure, main physicochemical properties and functional characteristics of arabic gum are briefly introduced. Its extraction methods and reprocessing techniques are also systematically presented. Furthermore, the application status of arabic gum and its modified products, its composites, as well as the main issues currently faced by them are together summarized. Meanwhile, some future research and development directions and prospects of arabic gum are properly pointed out.

Key words: arabic gum, structure, property, extraction, modification, composite, application

中图分类号:

TQ658

赵以墨, 王嘉麟, 吴放, 熊海平, 薛鹏程, 范金石. 天然生物质材料的制备、性质与应用（Ⅺ）——高支化的高浓低黏植物多糖：阿拉伯胶[J]. 日用化学工业（中英文）, 2024, 54(11): 1298-1306.

Yimo Zhao, Jialin Wang, Fang Wu, Haiping Xiong, Pengcheng Xue, Jinshi Fan. Preparation, properties and applications of natural biomass materials （Ⅺ）Highly branched, high concentration-low viscosity plant polysaccharides: arabic gum[J]. China Surfactant Detergent & Cosmetics, 2024, 54(11): 1298-1306.

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等级	特性
手选级	具有完美的形状，颜色最浅，价格最高
精选级	含有完整或破碎的团块，颜色从淡色到深琥珀色不等
清洁与筛选级	颜色从浅色到深琥珀色不等，含有不同数量的异物，但没有灰尘
筛屑级	分级上述等级后获得的较细颗粒，含有一定比例的树皮、泥土和沙子
尘埃级	是在清洁操作后获得的，含有非常细小的胶粒，也包括沙子和泥土
红色级	手工从阿拉伯胶团块中分离出来的小部分深红色胶质颗粒