冷水鱼胶原蛋白的提取、特性及在美容护肤品中的应用

doi:10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2025.08.013

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

胶原蛋白是一种纤维状蛋白，是生物体内重要的组成部分，由于其良好的生物学性能已成为美容、护肤品中最具前景的功能原料之一。冷水鱼胶原蛋白具有优异的保湿性、抗衰老活性及生物相容性和安全性，在美容、护肤品中的应用越来越广泛。文章详细阐述了从冷水性鱼类提取胶原蛋白的方法，对比了其在结构、组成和性质上与其他鱼类胶原蛋白的差异性，并介绍了现阶段冷水鱼胶原蛋白在美容、护肤品中的应用状况，旨在对冷水性鱼类胶原蛋白的研究以及美容、护肤品原料的开发提供理论依据。

关键词: 胶原蛋白, 冷水鱼, 特性, 护肤品

Abstract:

Collagen is a fibrous protein and an important part of the organism. Due to its good biological properties in beauty, it has become one of the most promising functional raw materials in skin care products. Cold-water fish collagen has excellent moisturising properties, anti-aging activity, biocompatibility and safety, leading to its increasingly widespread application in beauty and skin care products. The article provides a detailed overview of the methods used to extract collagen from cold-water fish and summarizes the differences between collagen from cold-water fish and warm-water fish in terms of collagen structure, amino acid composition, thermal stability and other physicochemical properties. Cold-water fish collagen has a lower content of proline and hydroxyproline, but the serine content is significantly higher than that of the warm-water fish. Among the aquatic collagen, the thermal stability of cold-water fish collagen is poor. In addition, the article describes the factors that cause skin aging and the effects of skin aging, summarizes the mechanisms by which collagen and its derivatives delay and improve skin aging, and introduces the forms of application and product types of cold-water fish collagen in beauty and skin care products. By summarizing and analyzing the extraction methods, properties and applications of cold-water fish collagen, we aim to provide a theoretical basis for the study of collagen from cold-water fish sources and the development of raw materials for beauty and skin care products.

Key words: collagen, cold-water fish, properties, skin care products

中图分类号:

TQ658

欧宽, 张俊杰, 邱晓锋, 段蕊. 冷水鱼胶原蛋白的提取、特性及在美容护肤品中的应用[J]. 日用化学工业（中英文）, 2025, 55(8): 1058-1065.

Kuan Ou, Junjie Zhang, Xiaofeng Qiu, Rui Duan. Extraction, properties and application of cold-water fish collagen in cosmetic skin care products[J]. China Surfactant Detergent & Cosmetics, 2025, 55(8): 1058-1065.

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生物分类	来源	前处理	提取方法				文献
生物分类	来源	前处理	溶剂	温度/℃	料液比（g/mL）	时间/h	文献
鲑科	大西洋鲑鱼（Salmo salar）	① 0.1 mol/L NaOH； ② H₃PO₄（pH 5~5.2）	水	45	1:2	16	[7]
	大马哈鱼（Oncorhynchus keta）	0.1 mol/L NaHCO₃	0.5 mol/L乙酸	4	1:30	24	[11]
	虹鳟（Oncorhynchus mykiss）	① 0.05 mol/L NaOH； ② 30%异丙醇	0.5 mol/L乙酸	4	1:40	48	[15]
鲟科	史氏鲟（Acipenser schrenckii）	① 3.5% NaCl； ② 0.5% Na₂CO₃	0.1%胃蛋白酶的0.01 mol/L HCl溶液	4	1:100	48	[13]
鲟科	欧洲鳇（Huso huso）	① 0.5 mol/L NaOH； ② 10%正丁醇	0.5 mol/L乙酸和胃蛋白酶	4	1:15	48	[16]
鳕科	大西洋鳕鱼（Gadus morhua）	乙醇	水	50	1:3	3	[8]
	波罗的海鳕鱼（Gadus Morhua）	① 0.1 mol/L NaOH； ② 3% H₂O₂溶液	0.5 mol/L乙酸	4	1:6	72	[17]
	大西洋鳕鱼（Gadus morhua）	① 0.15 mol/L NaOH； ② 10% 2-丙醇	0.5 mol/L乙酸和胃蛋白酶	4	1:10	72	[18]
鲆科	褐牙鲆（Paralichthys olivaceus）	0.1 mol/L NaOH	0.5 mol/L乙酸和胃蛋白酶	4	1:10	48	[14]
鲆科	大菱鲆（Scophthalmus maximus）	① 0.1 mol/L NaOH； ② 10%正丁醇	0.5 mol/L乙酸	4	1:50	48	[19]
鲽科	马舌鲽（Reinhardtius hippoglossoides）	① 10%乙醇； ② 0.1 mol/L NaOH	0.5 mol/L乙酸	4	1:20	96	[10]
	马舌鲽（Reinhardtius hippoglossoides）	① 10%乙醇； ② 0.1 mol/L NaOH	0.5 mol/L乙酸	4	1:20	96	[20]
	角木叶鲽（Pleuronichthys coconuts）	① 0.1 mol/L NaOH； ② 10%正丁醇	0.5 mol/L乙酸	4	1:30	24	[21]

种类	生存水域	热变性温度（Td） /℃
南亚野鲮（Labeo rohita）	暖水性鱼类	38.27^[35]
食人鲳（Pygocentrus nattereri）	暖水性鱼类	37.4^[35]
罗非鱼（Oreochromis mossambicus）	暖水性鱼类	30^[36]
鳕鱼（Gadus）	冷水性鱼类	16.8^[37]
鲑鱼（Salmon salar）	冷水性鱼类	20.6^[33]
鲽鱼（Pleuronectidae）	冷水性鱼类	18^[38]

影响因素	溶解性
pH	在等电点处溶解性最小
胶原蛋白浓度	浓度增加，溶解性逐渐降低
离子强度	盐浓度增加，溶解性逐渐降低
溶剂类型	溶解度随溶剂类型而改变