天然环保型油茶皂苷与椰油酰甘氨酸钠二元复配体系协同作用性能研究

doi:10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2025.07.003

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 椰油酰甘氨酸钠（SCG）是一种环保型阴离子氨基酸表面活性剂，作为一种传统表面活性剂的升级替代产品，广泛应用于日化产品中。通过将SCG与纯化非离子表面活性剂油茶皂苷（COS）进行复配，探究了不同摩尔分数COS（α_COS）的添加对COS-SCG复配体系表面张力（γ）、油水界面张力（IFT）、乳化性能和泡沫性能的影响，及在不同环境条件下表面张力和起泡性能的稳定性。结果表明，COS-SCG体系具有优异的表面活性协同增效作用。复配体系的临界胶束浓度（cmc）均低于SCG的cmc，少量COS的添加（1%~2%）协同降低了体系的γ，最小cmc和γ分别为2.50×10^-4 mol/L、23.1 mN/m。体系具有优异的降低IFT的能力，其中α_COS为10%时IFT最低为1.42 mN/m。复配体系起泡体积和泡沫稳定性最高分别达到51.0 mL（α_COS=50%）和97.37%（α_COS=75%），泡沫微观形态进一步证实了体系优异的泡沫性能。此外，在较高温度（35~75 ℃）和盐离子（0~20 g/L）条件下，COS-SCG体系γ降低，泡沫体积增多；但酸性和硬水条件削弱了体系γ和起泡性能的稳定性。

关键词: 皂苷, 椰油酰甘氨酸钠, 二元复配体系, 协同作用, 界面张力, 泡沫性能

Abstract:

Sodium cocoyl glycinate （SCG）, an environmentally friendly anionic amino acid surfactant, is widely used in daily chemical products as an upgraded alternative to traditional surfactants. In this study, crude Camellia oleifera saponin （COS） was purified using AB-8 macroporous adsorption resin, and its composition and structure were analyzed. The effects of different mole fractions of COS （α_COS） on surface tension （γ）, oil-water interfacial tension （IFT）, emulsification, and foam properties of COS-SCG binary mixed systems were investigated in mixtures of SCG with purified COS. The stability of γ and foamability under diverse environmental conditions were also discussed. The results indicated that the COS-SCG system exhibited remarkable surface-active synergism. The minimum critical micelle concentration （cmc） of the mixed system was lower than that of SCG, and adding a small mole fraction of COS （1%-2%） induced a synergistic reduction of γ. Specifically, the cmc and γ were 2.50×10^-4 mol/L and 23.1 mN/m for α_COS=1%, respectively. The system exhibited exceptional IFT reduction capacity, achieving a minimum value of 1.42 mN/mat α_COS=10%. The mixed system reached a foaming volume （at α_COS=50%） and foam stability （at α_COS=75%） were 51.0 mL and 97.37%, respectively. Microscopic analysis further confirmed these outstanding foam properties. Moreover, the COS-SCG system displayed reduced γ with enhanced foaming volume under elevated temperatures （35-75 ℃） and salinity （0-20 g/L）. However, acidic conditions and hard water compromised both γ stability and foamability.

Key words: saponin, sodium cocoyl glycinate, binary mixed system, synergism, interfacial tension, foam properties

中图分类号:

TQ423

李亚雯, 李维新, 张锋伦, 马世宏, 蒋建新, 朱莉伟. 天然环保型油茶皂苷与椰油酰甘氨酸钠二元复配体系协同作用性能研究[J]. 日用化学工业（中英文）, 2025, 55(7): 831-843.

Yawen Li, Weixin Li, Fenglun Zhang, Shihong Ma, Jianxin Jiang, Liwei Zhu. Synergistic properties of the binary mixed system of natural green surfactants: Camellia oleifera saponin and sodium cocoyl glycinate[J]. China Surfactant Detergent & Cosmetics, 2025, 55(7): 831-843.

图/表 12

参考文献 27

[1]	Zhang X L, Li C Z, Hu W, et al. An overview of tea saponin as a surfactant in food applications[J]. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 2023, 64 (33) : 11-13.
[2]	Lu J Y, Liu Z P, Wu Z L, et al. Synergistic effects of binary surfactant mixtures in the removal of Cr(Ⅵ) from its aqueous solution by foam fractionation[J]. Separation and Purification Technology, 2020, 237: 116346.
[3]	Jian H L, Liao X X, Zhu L W, et al. Synergism and foaming properties in binary mixtures of a biosurfactant derived from Camellia oleifera Abel and synthetic surfactants[J]. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 2011, 359 (2) : 487-492.
[4]	Tucker I M, Burley A, Petkova R E, et al. Surfactant/biosurfactant mixing: Adsorption of saponin/nonionic surfactant mixtures at the air-water interface[J]. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 2020, 574: 385-392. doi: S0021-9797(20)30508-7 pmid: 32339821
[5]	Richika G, Shveta S, Abhinay T, et al. Experimental and theoretical study of sodium cocoyl glycinate as corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in hydrochloric acid medium[J]. Journal of Molecular Liquids, 2022, 364: 119988.
[6]	Rajput G, Sirisha J D, Subramanyam G, et al. Novel approach for tuning micellar characteristics and rheology of a sulfate-free anionic surfactant sodium cocoyl glycinate[J]. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 2022, 648: 129426.
[7]	Tucker I M, Burley A, Petkova R E, et al. Self-assembly in saponin mixtures: Escin/tea, tea/glycyrrhizic acid, and escin/glycyrrhizic acid mixtures[J]. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 2021, 629: 127420.
[8]	Jurado P, Sörensen P M. Characterization of saponin foam from Saponaria officinalis for food applications[J]. Food Hydrocolloids, 2020, 101: 105541.
[9]	Yekeen N, Abdul Malik A, Idris A K, et al. Foaming properties, wettability alteration and interfacial tension reduction by saponin extracted from soapnut (Sapindus Mukorossi) at room and reservoir conditions[J]. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 2020, 195 (5) : 107591.
[10]	Yang G L, Qi Z W, Shan S J, et al. Advances in separation, biological properties, and structure-activity relationship of triterpenoids derived from Camellia oleifera Abel[J]. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2024, 72 (9) : 4574-4586.
[11]	Kesarwani H, Saxena A, Mandal A, et al. Anionic/nonionic surfactant mixture for enhanced oil recovery through the investigation of adsorption, interfacial, rheological, and rock wetting characteristics[J]. Energy & Fuels, 2021, 35 (4) : 3065-3078.
[12]	Azum N, Rub A M, Asiri M A. Micellization and interfacial behavior of binary and ternary mixtures in aqueous medium[J]. Journal of Molecular Liquids, 2016, 216: 94-98.
[13]	Liu Z L, Liu P, Hei Y X, et al. Synergistic mechanism in anionic/zwitterionic and anionic/nonionic surfactant mixtures on improving the thermal stability of emulsions: An experimental and simulation study[J]. Chemical Engineering Science, 2024, 289: 119824.
[14]	Nandni D, Mahajan K R. Micellization and phase behavior of binary mixtures of anionic and nonionic surfactants in aqueous media[J]. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 2012, 51 (8) : 3338-3349.
[15]	Teng M, Wang F, Zhang M, et al. Influence of salts on aqueous two-phase system of cationic and anionic surfactant aqueous mixture[J]. Journal of Chemistry, 2005, 63 (17) : 1570-1574.
[16]	Li W X, Zhu L W, Zhang F L, et al. Synergism and foam stability in a binary mixture of tea saponin derived from Camellia oleifera Abel and sodium lauryl ether sulfate[J]. Surfaces and Interfaces, 2022, 29: 101707.
[17]	Imuetinyan H, Agi A, Gbadamosi A, et al. Oil-water interfacial tension, wettability alteration and foaming studies of natural surfactant extracted from Vernonia Amygdalina[J]. Petroleum Research, 2022, 7 (3) : 350-356.
[18]	Atta D Y, Negash B M, Yekeen N, et al. A state-of-the-art review on the application of natural surfactants in enhanced oil recovery[J]. Journal of Molecular Liquids, 2021, 321: 114888.
[19]	Norouzpour M, Nabipour M, Azdarpour A, et al. Experimental investigation of the effect of a quinoa-derived saponin-based green natural surfactant on enhanced oil recovery[J]. Fuel, 2022, 318: 123652.
[20]	Reichert L C, Salminen H, Bönisch B G, et al. Concentration effect of Quillaja saponin-co-surfactant mixtures on emulsifying properties[J]. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 2018, 519: 71-80. doi: S0021-9797(18)30123-1 pmid: 29482098
[21]	Li W X, Zhu L W, Zhang F L, et al. Synergistic effect and performance characterization of an efficient environmental-friendly Camellia oleifera saponins based foamed cleaning agents[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2022, 376: 134217.
[22]	Tcholakova S, Mustan F, Pagureva N, et al. Role of surface properties for the kinetics of bubble Ostwald ripening in saponin-stabilized foams[J]. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 2017, 534: 16-25.
[23]	Kumar V, Pal N, Jangir K A, et al. Dynamic interfacial properties and tuning aqueous foamability stabilized by cationic surfactants in terms of their structural hydrophobicity, free drainage and bubble extent[J]. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 2020, 588: 124362.
[24]	Majeed T, Sølling I T, Kamal S M. Foamstability: The interplay between salt-, surfactant- and critical micelle concentration[J]. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 2020, 187: 106871.
[25]	Petkova R, Tcholakova S, Denkov N D. Foaming and foam stability for mixed polymer-surfactant solutions: effects of surfactant type and polymer charge[J]. Langmuir: the ACS Journal of Surfaces and Colloids, 2012, 28 (11) : 4996-5009.
[26]	Bello A, Ivanova A, Bakulin D, et al. An experimental study of foam-oil interactions for nonionic-based binary surfactant systems under high salinity conditions[J]. Scientific Reports, 2024, 14 (1) : 12208.
[27]	Ulaganathan V, Del Castillo L, Webber J L, et al. The influence of pH on the interfacial behaviour of Quillaja bark saponin at the air-solution interface[J]. Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces, 2019, 176: 412-419.

Sample	Crude COS	Purified COS
Glucose/%	3.72±0.26	4.48±0.24
Xylose/%	4.90±0.26	30.58±0.56
Arabinose/%	2.63±0.13	—
Rhamnose/%	3.26±0.17	—
Sapogenins/%	28.90±0.22	54.81±0.42
Purity/%	43.41±1.05	89.87±1.22

α_COS/%	γ_cmc/ （mN/m）	cmc₃/ （mol/L）	x_m	β^m	ln （cmc₁/cmc₂）
0	24.2	2.50×10^-2	—	—	—
1	23.1	2.50×10^-4	0.48	-17.46	-3.69
2	23.5	5.00×10^-4	0.49	-13.36	-3.69
5	25.9	1.25×10^-3	0.54	-7.87	-3.69
8	24.7	2.00×10^-3	0.59	-4.95	-3.69
10	26.3	2.50×10^-3	0.64	-3.47	-3.69
30	32.6	1.38×10^-3	0.77	-2.99	-3.69
50	36.0	1.00×10^-3	0.85	-2.77	-3.69
75	38.0	7.58×10^-4	0.92	-2.70	-3.69
100	40.7	6.25×10^-4	—	—	—

Time/min	Diameter/μm
Time/min	SCG	α_COS=1%	α_COS=50%	COS
0	62.97	47.56	78.01	74.50
30		74.47	96.09	81.06