基于延展型表面活性剂的化学驱体系驱油机理研究

doi:10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2025.12.001

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

耐温、抗盐、高界面活性的延展型表面活性剂是高温高盐油藏提高石油采收率的重要驱油材料。为阐明延展型表面活性剂与聚合物二元复合驱体系在微观孔隙中的驱油机理，利用仿真微流控芯片的微观可视化驱油实验，研究了地层水驱后延展型羧酸盐（C₈P₁₅E₁₀C）、驱油聚合物及其复配溶液的微观驱油效果，并与界面张力、体相黏度和乳化性能进行了关联。研究发现，聚合物的高黏度有效降低流度比、增大波及范围，并能通过黏弹性产生的法向应力差剥离残余油，提高微观洗油效率，部分水解聚丙烯酰胺宝莫Ⅱ型和疏水改性的超高分多元共聚物法国Ⅲ型能将驱油效率在水驱的基础上分别提升了8.0%和15.2%，剩余油类型以簇状和柱状为主。延展型表面活性剂降低油水界面张力至10^-2 mN/m数量级，原位乳化水驱残余油，有效动用柱状剩余油，提高波及范围内的洗油效率，水驱基础上提高驱油效率9.6%，滴状剩余油数量明显增加，柱状剩余油面积占比在不同类型化学驱中最低。聚合物的增黏效果和表面活性剂的降低界面张力能力协同作用，不仅扩大波及范围，而且能够有效启动面积最大的簇状剩余油，增加洗油效率，水驱后驱油效率增幅约30%，明显优于单一体系。

关键词: 延展型表面活性剂, 部分水解聚丙烯酰胺, 超高分多元共聚物, 化学驱, 驱油机理

Abstract:

The extended surfactant with high temperature resistance, salt resistance and high interfacial activity is an important oil displacement component for enhancing oil recovery in high-temperature and high-salinity reservoirs. To clarify the oil displacement mechanism of the binary compound flooding of extended surfactant and polymer in microscopic pores, the microscopic oil displacement effects of extended carboxylate surfactant （C₈P₁₅E₁₀C）, polymer and their mixed solution after formation water flooding were studied by microscopic visualization oil displacement experiment using simulated microfluidic chips, and the results were correlated with those of interfacial tension, bulk viscosity and emulsification performance. It was found that the high viscosity of the polymer effectively reduced the mobility ratio, increased the sweep region, and could peel off the residual oil through the normal stress difference generated by viscoelasticity, and thus improved the microscopic oil washing efficiency. Partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide Baomo Ⅱ and hydrophobically modified polyacrylamide France Ⅲ could increase the oil displacement efficiency by 8.0% and 15.2%, respectively, compared with water flooding, and the remaining oil types are mainly cluster and column. The extended surfactant could reduce the oil-water interfacial tension to the order of magnitude of 10^-2 mN/m, in-situ emulsify the residual oil after water flooding, effectively utilize the columnar residual oil, and thus improved the oil washing efficiency within the sweep region. Compared with water flooding, the oil displacement efficiency was further increased by 9.6%, the number of residual oil droplets was significantly increased, and the proportion of columnar residual oil area was the lowest among different types of chemical floodings. For the surfactant-polymer binary flooding system, the synergism between the thickening effect of the polymer and the interfacial tension reduction by the surfactant could not only expand the sweep region, but also effectively move the cluster remaining oil with the largest area, and thus increase the oil washing efficiency. After water flooding, the oil displacement efficiency was further increased by approximately 30% by using the binary flooding system, which was significantly better than that of either single system.

Key words: extended surfactant, partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide, ultra-high molecular weight copolymer, chemical flooding, oil displacement mechanism

中图分类号:

TQ423

石静, 张磊, 陈兴锋, 郭淑凤, 潘斌林. 基于延展型表面活性剂的化学驱体系驱油机理研究[J]. 日用化学工业（中英文）, 2025, 55(12): 1501-1508.

Jing Shi, Lei Zhang, Xingfeng Chen, Shufeng Guo, Binlin Pan. Study on oil displacement mechanism of chemical flooding based on extended surfactant[J]. China Surfactant Detergent & Cosmetics, 2025, 55(12): 1501-1508.

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驱油体系	体相黏度/（mPa·s）	界面张力/（mN/m）	水驱/%	化学驱/%	比水驱提高/%	后续水驱提高/%
宝莫Ⅱ型	11.7		33.7	41.7	8.0	0.3
法国Ⅲ型	22.0		34.6	49.8	15.2	0.1
C₈P₁₅E₁₀C	1.0	0.035 6	31.4	41.0	9.6	0.1
C₈P₁₅E₁₀C+宝莫Ⅱ型	10.4	0.113 9	30.7	59.9	29.2	0.5
C₈P₁₅E₁₀C+法国Ⅲ型	11.2	0.127 1	41.6	73.1	31.5	0.5