封汽窜用栲胶冻胶的制备及其流变性能研究

doi:10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2025.12.006

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

栲胶可用于处理蒸汽吞吐过程中出现的汽窜问题，然而其面临低温成胶困难以及高温稳定性欠佳的状况。通过对橡椀栲胶、杨梅栲胶、相思栲胶的高温成胶性能展开系统研究，综合考量稳定性、结构特性以及经济因素，最终选定杨梅栲胶作为冻胶主剂，并在质量分数4%~8% （w/%，下同）的范围内开展试验。该实验研究结果显示，成胶液的最佳配方组成为6%的杨梅栲胶、4%的水溶性酚醛树脂、3%的纳米SiO₂以及0.1%的催化剂。含2%~6%栲胶的成胶液在低温环境下成胶时间较长，经250 ℃热处理3天后，冻胶强度的弹性模量处于8~10 kPa，30天的脱水率低于15%，且经过长期热处理后结构稳定，适用于海上油田对蒸汽汽窜的封堵。借助Cryo-SEM对冻胶微观结构进行观察，发现纳米SiO₂可使冻胶从疏松结构转变为致密的三维网状结构，这解释了其增强热稳定性的原理。采用触变环方法研究发现，当纳米SiO₂的加入量超过3%时，成胶液具备触变性，有利于地层封堵。弹性模量、黏性模量以及蠕变测试表明，添加纳米SiO₂能够提升冻胶的弹性模量。当纳米SiO₂用量为3%时，老化30天后冻胶弹性模量峰值可达0.256 34 MPa，能显著延迟应变超调。当纳米SiO₂颗粒含量为5%时，冻胶屈服应力最高可达1 500 Pa。

关键词: 蒸汽窜流, 栲胶冻胶, 纳米二氧化硅颗粒, 胶凝规律, 耐热性

Abstract:

Tannin extract can be used to address the problem of gas channeling during steam huff-and-puff process. However, it faces difficulties in gel formation at low temperatures and poor stability at high temperatures. Through a systematic study on the high-temperature gel-forming properties of valonea tannin extract, myrica tannin extract, and acacia tannin extract, and comprehensively considering factors such as stability, structural characteristics, and economic factors, myrica tannin extract was finally chosen as the key component of the gelling agent. Experiments were carried out in which the mass fraction of myrica tannin extract in the investigated system was in the range of 4%-8%. The results showed that the optimized formula of the gelling solution consisted of 6% myrica tannin extract, 4% water-soluble phenolic resin, 3% nano-SiO₂, and 0.1% catalyst. The gelling solution containing 2%-6% tannin extract had a long gelling time at low temperatures. After heat treatment at 250 ℃ for 3 days, the elastic modulus of the gel strength was in the range of 8-10 kPa, the degree of dehydration after 30 days was less than 15%, and the structure was stable after long-term heat treatment, which was suitable for the plugging of steam channeling in offshore oilfields. By observing the microstructure of the gel with Cryo-SEM, it was found that nano-SiO₂ could transform the gel from a loose structure into a dense three-dimensional network structure, which contributed to its enhanced thermal stability. By using thixotropic loop method, it was found that when the amount of nano-SiO₂ exceeded 3%, the gelling solution had thixotropy, which was beneficial for formation plugging. Elastic modulus, viscous modulus, and creep tests showed that adding nano-SiO₂ could increase the elastic modulus of the gel. When the amount of nano-SiO₂ was 3%, the peak value of elastic modulus of the gel after 30 days of aging could reach 0.256 34 MPa, which could significantly delay the strain overshoot. When the amount of nano-SiO₂ was 5%, the yield stress of the gel could reach a maximum of 1 500 Pa. This research could provide technical support for solving the problem of steam channeling during steam huff-and-puff process in oilfields.

Key words: steam channeling, gel of tannin extract, nano-SiO₂, gelling regularity, thermal stability

中图分类号:

TE357

周文超, 孙君, 付云川, 孙艳萍. 封汽窜用栲胶冻胶的制备及其流变性能研究[J]. 日用化学工业（中英文）, 2025, 55(12): 1544-1551.

Wenchao Zhou, Jun Sun, Yunchuan Fu, Yanping Sun. Preparation and rheological properties of a gel based on tannin extract for steam channeling plugging[J]. China Surfactant Detergent & Cosmetics, 2025, 55(12): 1544-1551.

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