基于两性/非离子表面活性剂的纳米乳液捕收剂强化低阶煤浮选机理

doi:10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2025.12.005

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 低阶煤表面丰富的含氧官能团和发达的孔隙结构制约了其浮选效率，而乳液型捕收剂是提升传统烃油类捕收剂分散性能和改善煤表面吸附疏水改性效果的有效方法之一。分别选用芥酸酰胺丙基甜菜碱（EAB-40）和脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚（AEO-7）为两性和非离子表面活性剂、柴油为油相，采用低能乳化法制备了EAB-40/AEO-7协同稳定的纳米乳液捕收剂；借助动态光散射法（DLS）和多重光散射法（MLS）系统研究了EAB-40和AEO-7用量对乳液液滴粒径和微观动力学稳定性的影响规律，通过低阶煤浮选试验和颗粒-气泡间、颗粒-液滴间粘/脱附力试验揭示了纳米乳液的浮选强化机理。结果表明，当EAB-40与AEO-7质量比为1∶4时（#1纳米乳液捕收剂），乳液液滴尺寸最小（D₅₀=307 nm），低阶煤浮选可燃体回收率最大为92.24%。相较于传统柴油捕收剂，#1纳米乳液捕收剂可以显著改善低阶煤表面的疏水性，提升煤颗粒-气泡间以及颗粒-捕收剂间的粘/脱附相互作用力，进而提升浮选效果。这是由于纳米乳液表面的EAB-40同时带有正负电荷基团，可通过静电吸引作用强化捕收剂在低阶煤表面的吸附疏水改性作用；但当EAB-40含量过高时，则会导致表面活性剂吸附量过多，反而在一定程度上降低疏水改性作用和浮选效果。研究旨在为低阶煤浮选新型捕收剂开发提供理论依据和技术支持。

关键词: 低阶煤, 浮选, 纳米乳液捕收剂, 两性离子表面活性剂, 非离子表面活性剂, 粘附作用力, 脱附作用力

Abstract:

The abundant oxygen-containing functional groups and pore structures on the surface of low-rank coal （LRC） have restricted its flotation efficiency. Compared with traditional hydrocarbon oil collectors, emulsion collectors are an effective method to improve the dispersion performance and improve their adsorption and hydrophobic modification effect on LRC surface. In this work, a series of nanoemulsion collectors which were synergistically stabilized with zwitterionic and nonionic surfactants were prepared by low-energy emulsification method, using erucic acid amidopropyl betaine （EAB-40） and fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether （AEO-7） as surfactants, and diesel oil as oil phase. The influences of the contents of EAB-40 and AEO-7 on the droplet size and microscopic dynamic stability of nanoemulsions were systematically studied through dynamic light scattering （DLS） and multiple light scattering （MLS）. The mechanism for nanoemulsions to enhance flotation was investigated through LRC flotation tests and the measurements of particle-bubble and particle-droplet adhesion/detachment forces. The results showed that when the mass ratio of EAB-40∶AEO-7 was 1∶4 （nanoemulsion collector #1）, the droplet size of the nanoemulsion was the smallest （D₅₀=307 nm）, and the combustible matter recovery of LRC flotation could reach the maximum of 92.24%. Compared with traditional diesel collector, nanoemulsion collector #1 could significantly improve the hydrophobicity of LRC surface, enhance the adhesion/detachment interactions between coal particle and bubble and between coal particle and collector, and thus significantly improve the LRC flotation performance. The mechanism was that the EAB-40 at the surface of nanoemulsion droplets had both positively and negatively charged groups, which could both enhance the adsorption of collectors onto LRC surface and the hydrophobic modification of LRC surface through electrostatic attraction; however, when the EAB-40 content was too high, it would lead to excessive adsorption of surfactants and reduce the surface hydrophobic modification and the flotation performance to a certain extent. This research might be helpful to improve the theoretical basis and provide technical support for the development of novel collectors for LRC flotation.

Key words: low-rank coal, flotation, nanoemulsion collector, zwitterionic surfactant, non-ionic surfactant, adhesion force, detachment force

中图分类号:

TQ423

王莹莹, 马振超, 李哲, 孔艺博, 赵欣怡, 邢耀文, 桂夏辉. 基于两性/非离子表面活性剂的纳米乳液捕收剂强化低阶煤浮选机理[J]. 日用化学工业（中英文）, 2025, 55(12): 1534-1543.

Yingying Wang, Zhenchao Ma, Zhe Li, Yibo Kong, Xinyi Zhao, Yaowen Xing, Xiahui Gui. Mechanism of enhanced low-rank coal flotation using a nanoemulsion collector based on zwitterionic/nonionic surfactants[J]. China Surfactant Detergent & Cosmetics, 2025, 55(12): 1534-1543.

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种类	柴油/g	AEO-7/g	EAB-40/g	去离子水/g
#1	2.50	2.00	0.50	25.00
#2	2.50	1.25	1.25	25.00
#3	2.50	0.50	2.00	25.00
#4	2.50	2.50	0.00	25.00
#5	2.50	0.00	2.50	25.00