部分市售抑菌牙膏对7种常见口腔致病菌的体外抑制评价

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-1803.2020.12.008

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为调查市售标称具有抑菌效果或抗菌作用牙膏的效果,研究引入杯碟法对常见口腔致病细菌进行抑菌效果实验,主要选用嗜酸乳杆菌（Lactobacillus acidophilus,LA）、粪肠球菌（Enterococcus faecalis,EF）、金黄色葡萄球菌（Staphylococcus aureus,SA）、牙龈卟啉单胞菌（Porphyromonas gingivalis,PG）、白色念珠菌（S. mutans,SM）、变形链球菌（Streptococcus mutans clarke,SMC）、铜绿假单胞菌（Pseudomonas aeruginosa,PA）。结果显示,16种供试牙膏针对7种常见口腔致病菌均出现不同程度的抑菌圈;同步开展了供试牙膏的MIC、MBC实验,并简要分析了实验方法的优势与所选市售标称抑菌牙膏的现实状况,对牙膏宣传功效的规范与标称用语的使用提供了一定的建议。

关键词: 抑菌牙膏, 口腔致病菌, 杯蝶法

Abstract:

In order to investigate the efficacy of commercial toothpastes with bacteriostatic effect or antibacterial effect, the cylinder plate method was introduced to test the bacteriostatic effect on common oral pathogenic bacteria. Lactobacillus acidophilus （LA）, Enterococcus faecalis （EF）, Staphylococcus aureus （SA）, Porphyromonas gingivalis （PG）, S. mutans （SM）,Streptococcus mutans clarke （SMC）, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa （PA） were mainly selected. The results show that 16 kinds of toothpastes tested have different degrees of inhibition zones against 7 common oral pathogenic bacteria. MIC and MBC experiments of the tested toothpastes were carried out simultaneously, and the advantages of the experimental methods and the actual status of the selected commercial antibacterial toothpastes were briefly analyzed. Some suggestions are provided for the specification of the efficacy claims and nominal terms of toothpaste promotion.

Key words: antibacterial toothpaste, oral pathogenic bacteria, cylinder plate method

中图分类号:

TQ658

邱希斌,宋帆,许任伟,林诗涵,林钊,黄姝玲,许亚煊. 部分市售抑菌牙膏对7种常见口腔致病菌的体外抑制评价[J]. 日用化学工业, 2020, 50(12): 861-866.

QIU Xi-bin,SONG Fan,XU Ren-wei,LIN Shi-han,LIN Zhao,HUANG Shu-ling,XU Ya-xuan. Evaluation of in vitro inhibition of some commercial antibacterial toothpastes against 7 common oral pathogenic bacteria[J]. China Surfactant Detergent & Cosmetics, 2020, 50(12): 861-866.

图/表 4

表 1

图 1

表 2

敏感程度判定（$\bar{x}$±s, n=3）"

样品编号	ρ/（g·mL^-1）	抑菌圈直径/mm
样品编号	ρ/（g·mL^-1）	LA	EF	SA	PG	SM	SMC	PA
①	1.0	18.56±0.22	10.17±0.38	25.14±1.26	14.17±0.12	18.12±0.42	18.96±0.06	19.46±0.07
①	0.5	15.68±0.28	8.52±0.09	21.14±0.11	9.21±0.22	15.68±0.15	15.91±0.12	16.52±0.46
②	1.0	24.42±1.02	19.17±0.15	18.56±0.32	13.84±0.11	13.92±0.22	19.68±0.12	17.96±0.05
②	0.5	21.19±0.34	16.59±0.42	15.72±0.24	9.01±0.06	9.02±0.02	16.94±0.19	15.19±0.04
③	1.0	25.52±0.94	18.51±0.37	18.96±0.25	19.49±0.20	14.65±0.09	18.17±0.53	18.19±0.53
③	0.5	20.98±0.24	15.68±0.04	16.71±0.41	16.52±0.67	10.62±1.02	16.87±0.72	16.12±0.04
④	1.0	17.47±0.02	14.18±0.16	13.17±0.12	—	12.17±0.42	—	14.05±0.34
④	0.5	16.09±0.50	9.51±0.07	8.56±0.15	—	9.59±0.07	—	9.14±0.13
⑤	1.0	24.19±0.27	13.68±0.52	14.17±0.18	—	13.54±0.09	18.98±0.12	19.05±0.12
⑤	0.5	20.68±0.02	9.92±0.08	10.56±1.03	—	8.66±0.28	18.17±0.14	16.47±0.32
⑥	1.0	17.24±0.52	13.52±0.09	19.21±0.25	13.04±0.24	14.62±0.02	—	14.01±0.15
⑥	0.5	15.79±0.25	9.12±0.06	16.17±0.53	9.79±0.08	10.72±0.03	—	1.05±0.52
⑦	1.0	17.62±0.28	13.79±0.54	26.54±1.32	14.11±0.14	12.51±0.71	13.04±0.12	17.97±0.03
⑦	0.5	15.89±0.32	8.27±0.02	20.56±0.03	8.49±0.07	8.55±0.16	9.02±0.34	15.21±0.09
⑧	1.0	26.02±0.09	14.17±0.20	18.92±0.33	13.11±0.32	13.64±0.07	14.27±0.11	18.64±0.39
⑧	0.5	21.14±0.57	10.56±0.68	16.53±0.41	9.16±0.33	9.62±0.83	9.11±0.92	16.52±0.53
⑨	1.0	18.05±0.15	13.21±0.47	13.11±0.42	—	—	—	14.21±0.22
⑨	0.5	15.66±0.23	9.51±0.47	9.21±0.11	—	—	—	9.64±0.15
⑩	1.0	10.77±1.18	10.14±0.91	25.04±1.44	—	—	—	13.92±0.37
⑩	0.5	9.04±0.02	8.38±0.09	20.97±0.09	—	—	—	8.99±0.03
k	1.0	19.17±0.13	11.74±0.05	19.41±0.19	—	—	—	14.14±0.43
k	0.5	17.29±0.68	9.06±0.31	16.98±0.25	—	—	—	9.12±0.14
l	1.0	14.02±0.02	14.07±0.31	14.15±0.09	—	—	14.27±0.18	13.85±0.48
l	0.5	11.17±0.77	11.47±0.58	9.52±0.56	—	—	10.01±0.06	9.01±0.13
m	1.0	17.94±0.96	14.19±0.10	13.72±0.55	13.12±0.15	14.01±0.07	14.56±0.13	14.32±0.34
m	0.5	15.88±0.21	10.74±0.07	10.02±1.47	8.68±0.29	10.12±0.03	11.14±0.47	8.78±0.11
n	1.0	24.78±0.91	19.17±0.10	13.82±0.45	12.19±0.47	12.14±0.42	13.92±0.51	13.94±0.08
n	0.5	20.47±0.12	16.56±0.50	8.74±0.13	8.44±0.06	8.89±0.40	9.03±0.21	9.24±0.12
o	1.0	18.26±0.18	14.68±0.12	14.04±0.07	—	—	—	—
o	0.5	15.92±0.13	10.91±1.23	8.85±0.03	—	—	—	—
p	1.0	14.05±0.33	13.45±0.19	—	—	—	—	14.66±0.11
p	0.5	9.87±0.78	9.52±0.51	—	—	—	—	9.54±0.54
q	1.0	14.17±0.20	13.12±0.72	—	—	—	13.14±0.71	—
q	0.5	8.62±0.12	9.04±0.05	—	—	—	9.01±0.06	—
r	1.0	13.15±0.12	12.13±1.33	14.23±0.22	—	11.05±0.42	—	14.02±0.42
r	0.5	8.62±0.27	8.42±0.04	10.12±1.01	—	8.96±0.36	—	9.59±0.43
s	1.0	12.05±0.92	14.05±0.41	12.05±1.22	—	—	—	12.01±0.99
s	0.5	8.79±0.03	10.05±0.47	9.02±0.41	—	—	—	9.09±0.22
t	1.0	17.01±0.09	13.12±0.83	13.92±0.39	12.05±0.72	—	11.14±1.38	—
t	0.5	15.59±0.07	9.14±0.33	10.52±1.04	8.47±0.15	—	8.74±0.68	—
诺氟沙星	0.005	29.21±1.22	32.16±0.55	30.56±1.73	30.98±0.27	34.05±0.72	30.14±0.17	29.74±0.32
阴性对照	/	—	—	—	—	—	—	—

表 2

表 3

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样品编号及项目		LA	EF	SA	PG	SM	SMC	PA
①	MIC	1:8	1:16	1:512	1:32	1:128	1:64	1:128
①	MBC	1:4	1:8	1:256	1:16	1:64	1:32	1:64
②	MIC	1:256	1:32	1:64	1:32	1:64	1:128	1:64
②	MBC	1:128	1:16	1:32	1:16	1:32	1:64	1:32
③	MIC	1:256	1:64	1:32	1:64	1:32	1:64	1:64
③	MBC	1:128	1:32	1:16	1:32	1:16	1:32	1:32
④	MIC	1:64	1:16	1:32	—	1:16	—	1:32
④	MBC	1:32	1:8	1:16	—	1:8	—	1:16
⑤	MIC	1:256	1:8	1:32	—	1:16	1:64	1:128
⑤	MBC	1:128	1:4	1:16	—	1:8	1:32	1:64
⑥	MIC	1:64	1:16	1:64	1:16	1:16	—	1:32
⑥	MBC	1:32	1:8	1:32	1:8	1:8	—	1:16
⑦	MIC	1:64	1:8	1:512	1:32	1:8	1:8	1:64
⑦	MBC	1:32	1:4	1:256	1:16	1:4	1:4	1:32
⑧	MIC	1:256	1:16	1:64	1:16	1:16	1:16	1:64
⑧	MBC	1:128	1:8	1:32	1:8	1:8	1:8	1:32
⑨	MIC	1:64	1:16	1:16	—	—	—	1:16
⑨	MBC	1:32	1:8	1:8	—	—	—	1:8
⑩	MIC	1:16	1:4	1:256	—	—	—	1:16
⑩	MBC	1:8	1:2	1:128	—	—	—	1:8
k	MIC	1:64	1:8	1:128	—	—	—	1:16
k	MBC	1:32	1:4	1:64	—	—	—	1:8
l	MIC	1:8	1:16	1:16	—	—	1:16	1:16
l	MBC	1:4	1:8	1:8	—	—	1:8	1:8
m	MIC	1:64	1:16	1:16	1:16	1:16	1:32	1:16
m	MBC	1:32	1:8	1:8	1:8	1:8	1:16	1:8
n	MIC	1:256	1:128	1:8	1:16	1:8	1:16	1:16
n	MBC	1:128	1:64	1:4	1:8	1:4	1:8	1:8
o	MIC	1:64	1:16	1:8	—	—	—	—
o	MBC	1:32	1:8	1:4	—	—	—	—
p	MIC	1:8	1:8	—	—	—	—	1:16
p	MBC	1:4	1:4	—	—	—	—	1:8
q	MIC	1:8	1:8	—	—	—	1:16	—
q	MBC	1:4	1:4	—	—	—	1:8	—
r	MIC	1:8	1:8	1:16	—	1:8	—	1:16
r	MBC	1:4	1:4	1:8	—	1:4	—	1:8
s	MIC	1:16	1:8	1:8	—	—	—	1:8
s	MBC	1:8	1:4	1:4	—	—	—	1:4
t	MIC	1:64	1:8	1:16	1:8	—	1:8	—
t	MBC	1:32	1:4	1:8	1:4	—	1:4	—
阴性对照	/	—	—	—	—	—	—	—