新型织物抗菌剂的合成及对纤维织物的抗菌整理性能研究

doi:10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2026.09.008

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以丁氧基氯代甘油醚（BCGE）和N, N-二甲基十二烷基胺为原料，通过季铵化反应合成了羟丙基醚季铵盐抗菌剂HEQA-C12，并采用浸轧-焙烘工艺将其整理到汉麻织物上。通过FT-IR和¹H NMR证实了HEQA-C12的成功合成，并系统研究了不同质量浓度（0~20 g/L）整理后织物的性能变化。结果表明：HEQA-C12的引入使织物接触角从35.2°增至94.5°，表面由亲水转变为疏水；XRD显示整理未改变纤维素晶体结构，但使结晶度略有降低；SEM表明15 g/L质量浓度的HEQA-C12可形成连续均匀的表面包覆层；抗静电性能显著改善，静电半衰期从66.4 s缩短至15.2 s，峰值电压从1 587 V降至999 V；抗菌性能优异，对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌率最高分别达100%和99.9%，且表现出明显的浓度依赖性和菌种特异性作用机制。本研究证实HEQA-C12是一种高效的多功能整理剂，在15 g/L质量浓度时即可为汉麻织物提供优异的疏水、抗静电和抗菌性能。

关键词: 抗菌剂, 季铵盐, 汉麻织物, 抗菌性能, 整理性能, 抗静电

Abstract:

In this work, a kind of hydroxypropyl ether quaternary ammonium salt, namely HEQA-C12, was synthesized by quaternization reaction using butoxy chlorinated glycerol ether （BCGE） and N, N-dimethyldodecylamine as raw materials. Then it was used as an antibacterial agent and treated onto hemp fabric by impregnation-baking process. The successful synthesis of HEQA-C12 was confirmed by FT-IR and ¹H NMR, and the changes in the properties of fabrics after finishing with different mass concentrations of HEQA-C12 （0-20 g/L） were systematically studied. The results showed that HEQA-C12 could increase the contact angle of fabric from 35.2° to 94.5°, indicating that the surface was changed from hydrophilic to hydrophobic. The results of XRD showed that the finishing did not change the crystal structure of cellulose but slightly reduced the crystallinity. The results of SEM indicated that a coating layer with continuous and uniform surface could be formed at HEQA-C12 concentration of 15 g/L. The antistatic performance was significantly improved, with the electrostatic half-life shortened from 66.4 s to 15.2 s and the peak voltage reduced from 1 587 V to 999 V. It showed excellent antibacterial performance, with the highest inhibition rates against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus reaching 100% and 99.9%, respectively, and it showed obvious concentration-dependent and species-specific mechanisms of action. This work confirmed that HEQA-C12 was an efficient multifunctional finishing agent, which could provide excellent hydrophobic, antistatic and antibacterial properties for hemp fabric at mass concentration of 15 g/L.

Key words: antibacterial agent, quaternary ammonium salt, hemp fabric, antibacterial performance, finishing performance, antistatic

中图分类号:

TS195.5

刘永凯, 林继辉. 新型织物抗菌剂的合成及对纤维织物的抗菌整理性能研究[J]. 日用化学工业（中英文）, 2026, 56(9): 1198-1206.

Yongkai Liu, Jihui Lin. Synthesis of a novel fabric antibacterial agent and its antibacterial finishing property on fiber fabric[J]. China Surfactant Detergent & Cosmetics, 2026, 56(9): 1198-1206.

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