季铵盐型阳离子表面活性剂的合成及柴油脱硫工艺研究

doi:10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2025.02.009

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以酰胺化反应与季铵化反应两步法制备了季铵盐型阳离子表面活性剂2C₁₂GeQS，采用红外光谱、核磁共振氢谱对其分子结构进行了表征，以2C₁₂GeQS作为相转移剂，在直馏柴油的氧化脱硫中进行了单因素试验。研究结果表明：季铵化反应成功制备出了2C₁₂GeQS，1 641和1 550 cm^-1处测试出了酰胺基的存在。在直馏柴油的氧化脱硫中较优的反应条件为：反应温度60 ℃、反应时间90 min、搅拌速率900 r/min、表面活性剂用量0.2wt%、氧化剂体系中H₂O₂和CH₃COOH的体积比0.7、氧化剂与柴油体积比0.3，该工艺下柴油脱硫率和质量收率分别为85.96%和94.28%。随着循环使用次数的增加，2C₁₂GeQS的孔道结构逐渐被堵塞，其表面出现了团聚现象，脱硫能力逐渐降低，循环使用5次后，脱硫率和质量收率分别为82.89%和90.05%，具有较高的脱硫效果和优异的重复使用性能。

关键词: 直馏柴油, 氧化脱硫, 季铵盐型阳离子表面活性剂, 相转移, 催化

Abstract:

A cationic surfactant 2C₁₂GeQS was prepared by amidation reaction and quaternization reaction. The molecular structure of the cationic surfactant was characterized by infrared spectroscopy and ¹H NMR. Then 2C₁₂GeQS was used as the phase transfer catalyst to conduct a single factor experiment in the oxidative desulfurization of straight-run diesel. The results showed that the surfactant 2C₁₂GeQS was successfully prepared, and the presence of amide group was confirmed by the IR peaks at 1 641 and 1 550 cm^-1. The optimized reaction condition for oxidative desulfurization of straight-run diesel was as follows: The reaction temperature was 60 ℃, the reaction time was 90 min, the stirring rate was 900 r/min, the surfactant dosage was 0.2wt%, the volume ratio of H₂O₂ and CH₃COOH in oxidizing system was 0.7, and the volume ratio of oxidizer to diesel was 0.3. Under this condition the desulfurization rate and mass yield of diesel were 85.96% and 94.28%, respectively. With the increase of the number of cycles, the pore structure of the surfactant 2C₁₂GeQS was gradually blocked, and agglomeration phenomenon was observed at the surfactant surface, and the desulfurization ability of the surfactant was gradually reduced. After five cycles, the desulfurization rate and mass yield were 82.89% and 90.05%, respectively, indicative of high desulfurization effect and excellent reusability.

Key words: straight-run diesel, oxidative desulfurization, quaternary ammonium cationic surfactant, phase transfer, catalyze

中图分类号:

TQ423

江羿锋,李洪,袁文超. 季铵盐型阳离子表面活性剂的合成及柴油脱硫工艺研究[J]. 日用化学工业（中英文）, 2025, 55(2): 202-208.

Yifeng Jiang,Hong Li,Wenchao Yuan. Synthesis of a quaternary ammonium cationic surfactant and its application in diesel desulfurization technology[J]. China Surfactant Detergent & Cosmetics, 2025, 55(2): 202-208.

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