硬脂酸酯双子季铵盐的合成及性能研究

doi:10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2024.01.002

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以硬脂酸、N,N-二甲基乙醇胺和1,4-二溴丁烷为原料，制备了一种硬脂酸酯双子季铵盐表面活性剂（EG-18），并通过红外光谱和核磁共振氢谱对其分子结构进行表征。对EG-18的静态表面张力和动态表面张力进行测定，发现EG-18的临界胶束浓度（cmc）为1.32×10^-3 mol/L，平衡表面张力（γ_cmc）为35.68 mN/m，具有较好的表面活性。通过动态接触角的测试数据，发现EG-18溶液随浓度增大，对石蜡膜的润湿性逐渐增强。对比了D1821、EG-18和酯基季铵盐3种物质在浊度、润湿性能、抗静电性能、柔软性能和织物白度方面的差异。浊度的对比发现，EG-18的溶解度高于D1821和酯基季铵盐;润湿性能方面：EG-18可将石蜡膜润湿，但润湿性能弱于D1821和酯基季铵盐;EG-18的抗静电性能优于D1821;3种物质的柔软性能相当，并且EG-18对棉白布的白度影响最小。

关键词: 双子表面活性剂, 硬脂酸酯, 季铵盐, 合成与表征

Abstract:

A Gemini quaternary ammonium surfactant based on stearate （EG-18） was synthesized from stearic acid, N,N-dimethylethanolamine and 1,4-dibromobutane. EG-18 was characterized by IR and ¹H NMR. The surface activity of EG-18 was studied by measuring the static surface tension and dynamic surface tension. The critical micelle concentration （cmc） of EG-18 was 1.32×10^-3 mol/L, and the equilibrium surface tension at cmc （γ_cmc） was 35.68 mN/m. The results of dynamic surface tension vs. time showed that, when the concentration of EG-18 solution was as low as 1×10^-5 mol/L, only induction region could be found in the curve, and the fast fall region and meso-equilibrium region would gradually appear with the increase of concentration. Equilibrium region was not founded at higher concentration （e.g., 1×10^-2 mol/L） of EG-18 solution, due to the high steric hindrance of the Gemini surfactant, which hindered the rate of migration to the liquid surface. The results of dynamic contact angle showed that, the contact angle of EG-18 solution decreased with the increase of concentration, i.e., the wetting effect of EG-18 solution on paraffin film increased. The differences between EG-18, D1821 and esterquat in wetting ability, turbidity, antistatic properties, softness and fabric whiteness were studied. The results showed that EG-18 had the highest solubility among the three. EG-18 had certain wetting ability to paraffin film, but its wetting ability was weaker than that of D1821 and esterquat. The antistatic performance of EG-18 was stronger than that of D1821. In terms of softness, the softening properties of the three substances were basically the same, and compared with the blank control group, the white cotton cloth was significantly softened. EG-18 had the least influence on the whiteness of white cotton cloth.

Key words: Gemini surfactant, stearate, quaternary ammonium salt, synthesis and characterization

中图分类号:

TQ423

艾浩康, 姜亚洁, 王亚魁, 张璐, 耿涛. 硬脂酸酯双子季铵盐的合成及性能研究[J]. 日用化学工业（中英文）, 2024, 54(1): 16-23.

Haokang Ai, Yajie Jiang, Yakui Wang, Lu Zhang, Tao Geng. Synthesis and properties of Gemini quaternary ammonium surfactant based on stearate[J]. China Surfactant Detergent & Cosmetics, 2024, 54(1): 16-23.

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样品	ρ/（g/L）	R_s/Ω	lg [（R_s/Ω）]	Δlg ρ_s
空白	—	4.90×10¹⁴	14.69	0
D1821	0.35	1.20×10¹²	12.08	2.61
酯基季铵盐	0.35	4.11×10⁹	9.61	5.08
EG-18	0.35	1.14×10¹¹	11.06	3.63