Table of Content

22 February 2016, Volume 46 Issue 2 Previous Issue    Next Issue

Basicresearc

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Preparation of organo-montmorillonite modified with quaternary ammonium surfactant and its adsorption behavior for phenol GAO Yan-li,SUN Chen-ya,QI Li-yun,FANG Yun 2016, 46 (2):  61-65.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2016.02.001 Abstract ( 263 )   PDF (860KB) ( 426 )   Cationic surfactant dihexadecyldimethylammonium bromide (DHDMA) and Gemini surfactant 1,2-ethylene bis(cetyldimethyl ammonium bromide) (16-2-16) were used separately to prepare two kinds of organo-montmorillonite DHDMA-MMT and 16-2-16-MMT.The products were characterized by FT-IR,X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA).Phenol adsorption behavior of the two kinds of product was investigated and compared.Experiment results demonstrated that the organic carbon content of the two kinds of product is close to each other at the same surfactant loadings while the adsorption amount of phenol and normalized organic carbon content adsorption coefficient of 16-2-16-MMT is remarkably higher than that of DHDMA-MMT.In view of that same carbon chains are containing in the molecule structure of the two kinds of product,and the structure difference of the two surfactants is only that 16-2-16 owns an extra quaternary ammonium headgroup as comparing with DHDMA,it is reasonable to conclude that the quaternary ammonium headgroup plays an important role in the process of adsorbing phenol from aqueous solution by the organo-montmorillonite. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Lectureofscienceandtechnolog

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Fluorinated surfactants and fluoropolymers (Ⅱ) Environmental and safety issues XING Hang,CHEN Xian-tao,XIAO Jin-xin 2016, 46 (2):  66-74.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2016.02.002 Abstract ( 282 )   PDF (1119KB) ( 319 )   The environmental and safety issues of perfluorooctane sulfonyl fluoride/perfluorooctane sulfonic acid/perfluorooctane sulfonates (PFOS) were introduced in detail,including their production,occurrence and emission in environment,exposure and intake to human being,supervision and emission reduction,long-distance transport,bioaccumulation and excretion,degradation and toxicity.Opinion with respect to safety issues of PFOS was also proposed in view of surfactant working field in order to upgrade their application value. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Performance and applications of surfactants (ⅩⅩⅥ) Applications of surfactants in cosmetics WU Wang-bo,ZHAO Li,ZHANG Hua-tao,XU Bao-cai 2016, 46 (2):  75-79.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2016.02.003 Abstract ( 321 )   PDF (832KB) ( 450 )   The commonly used surfactants in cosmetics were introduced.Surfactants are widely used in cosmetics on the basis of their emulsifying,solubilization,dispersion,foaming,wetting and other functions.Then,progress in research work field with respect to bio-surfactants,alkyl polyglycoside surfactants,chitosan surfactants et al.were briefed.Finally,the applications of surfactants in cosmetics were summarized and prospected. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Developmentandapplicatio

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Synthesis and performance of an asymmetric cationic Gemini surfactant LIU Fan,XU Hu-jun 2016, 46 (2):  80-83.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2016.02.004 Abstract ( 277 )   PDF (857KB) ( 445 )   Hexadecyl dimethyl tertiary amine and octadecyl dimethyl tertiary amine were separately used as starting material and to be reacted successively with hydrochloric acid and epichlorohydrin to prepare two intermediates,N-(3-chloro-2-hydroxy)propyl-N,N-dimethyl hexadecyl ammonium chloride and N-(3-chloro-2-hydroxy)propyl-N,N-dimethyl octadecyl ammonium chloride.Then ethylene di-amine reacted with the two intermediates successively in presence of sodium carbonate to obtain the product asymmetric Gemini surfactant (symbolized as 16-X-18).The intermediates and the product were characterized by IR and 1H NMR as well as the surface activities of 16-X-18 were measured by conductivity method.Results showed that Krafft point of the product is below 0 ℃,and its cmc at 25 ℃ is 2.935×10-5 mol/L.The degree of combination with the counter-ion decreases as the temperature rises. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Influence of formulation ingredients and physicochemical environment on formation of liquid crystal in alkyl polyglucoside system YUAN Min-jia,WANG Fei,ZHANG Li-hua,GUO Yi-guang 2016, 46 (2):  84-88.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2016.02.005 Abstract ( 367 )   PDF (3500KB) ( 516 )   The influences of formulation ingredients and physicochemical environment on the formation of liquid crystals in alkyl polyglucoside (APG) systems were studied systematically.Possible mechanism of forming of liquid crystal system was explored.The formulation ingredients included four kinds of APG emulsifier,five kinds of co-emulsifier with different molecular structure,four kinds of oil with different polarity and four kinds of polymer with different molecular structure.Meanwhile,different dosages of the above mentioned raw materials were discussed.The physicochemical environment included mainly pH value and ionic strength.Emulsions with liquid crystal were obtained under same experimental conditions via homogenizing.Results showed that,within the four kinds of emulsifier,that formed with arachyl alcohol has more amount of liquid crystals with bigger size and regular structure;within the five kinds of co-emulsifier,inulin amino lauryl formate can effectively promote the formation of liquid crystal structure,and increase the emulsion stability;within the four kinds of oil,that formed with white oil has the most amount,rather smaller size and homogenous liquid crystal structure units;the four kinds of polymer may promote the formation of liquid crystal structure,while as the increase of the polymer mass fraction,the liquid crystal unit structure is smaller in size and more homogeneous;pH value and ionic strength has no obvious influence on liquid crystal status,while high ionic strength (w(NaCl)>0.3%) would reduce stability of the liquid crystal emulsion. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Preparation and performance of a quaternary ammonium salt based antibacterial hand sanitizer LI Min-shan,ZHENG Cheng,MAO Tao-yan,ZHOU Hong-gu,OU Zhi-rong 2016, 46 (2):  89-91.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2016.02.006 Abstract ( 536 )   PDF (747KB) ( 355 )   By selecting and optimizing the formulation of components,a quaternary ammonium salt based antibacterial hand sanitizer was prepared.The formulation (expressed as mass fraction) consists of 0.75% sodium ethoxylated dodecyl alcohol sulfate (AES),2.25% tetradecylmethyldihydroxyethylammonium bromide (TMDAB),20% cocamidopropyl betaine (CAB-35),0.25% disodium ethoxylated alcohol succinic acid monoester sulfonate (MES),1.5% coconut acid diethanolamide (6501),1% glycerin,0.1% dimethylol dimethyl hydantoin (DMDMH),a little amount of fragrance and colorant,as well as a small amount of citric acid for adjusting pH value.The balance is distilled water.Test results of the product showed that the sterilization efficacy for Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus achieves 99.99% and 100% respectively.The stability and foaming performance of the product are well.Besides,its production cost is rather low.As comparing with some liquid hand cleaners from the market,the prepared product shows somewhat better antibacterial efficacy. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Preparation of hesperetin micelle pseudo solution and influence of hyaluronic acid on its stability and percutaneous osmosis action ZHANG Xiao-yu, HOU Cai-ping, ZHAO Li-ping, XIE Yin, LIU Li-qing, HE Ya-li, TIAN Qing-ping 2016, 46 (2):  92-96.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2016.02.007 Abstract ( 295 )   PDF (793KB) ( 359 )   Pseudo solution of hesperetin micelle was prepared,and influence of hyaluronic acid on its stability and percutaneous osmosis activity was investigated using Zeta potential and percutaneous osmosis rate as the respective indices.Experimental results showed that hyaluronic acid can significantly enhance the stability and percutaneous osmosis activity of hesperetin micelle pseudo solution.When the mass fraction of hyaluronic acid achieves 0.5%,the micelle pseudo solution becomes transparent,stable and without unpleasant odor.Under room temperature condition,its average pH value is 5.4±0.1 and average Zeta potential is -32.62 mV.The steady osmosis rate constant Js of hesperetin through cavy skin achieves 7.475 8 μg/(cm2·h),which is 1.5 multiples as compared with that of the control group.The micelle pseudo solution shows good stability in cold resistance test and heat resistance test. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of yeast extract on fibroblasts proliferation and melanin inhibition LIAO Feng,LI Guo-guang,XIONG Li-dan,YANG Hai-yan,LI Li 2016, 46 (2):  97-100.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2016.02.008 Abstract ( 291 )   PDF (760KB) ( 350 )   Via the exploration of effect of the yeast extract that originated from rice wine production (WAE) on viability of fibroblast HS68 cells as well as its action for formation of melanin by melanoma B16 cells,the safety and efficacy of the WAE were examined.The results showed that,the safety WAE mass fraction for HS68 and B16 is ≤0.10%.As comparing with the control group,when mass fraction of WAE is 0.10% and 0.01%,it promotes HS68 cells proliferation to 106.36% and 109.33% respectively.The experiments demonstrated that under the safe concentration,WAE displays the effect of promoting proliferation of HS68 cells.WAE can inhibit 68.32%,51.68% and 19.77% of melanin formation when the WAE mass fraction is 0.10%,0.05% and 0.01% respectively.The experiments demonstrated that under the safety mass fraction,WAE displays the effect of inhibiting melanin formation of B16 cells.As comparing with Japanese beer yeast extract (A) and domestic beer yeast extract (B) with the same mass fraction,the safety and efficacy of WAE are superior to that of A and B. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Optimization of extracting Tremella fuciformis polysaccharide and detection of its toxicity to cells of human body DUAN Chao,WANG Chang-tao 2016, 46 (2):  101-105.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2016.02.009 Abstract ( 376 )   PDF (2562KB) ( 377 )   Single factor tests for hot water extraction of Tremella fuciformis polysaccharide were conducted with polysaccharide yield as the criteria index as well as solid to solvent ratio (g∶mL),extraction time and extraction temperature as the influencing factors.Based upon the test results,a response surface analysis was derived according to Box-Behnken central composite experimental design.The optimal extraction conditions were obtained as following: solid to solvent ratio,1∶60;extraction time,5.57 h;extraction temperature,97.18 ℃.Under the above conditions,the yield of Tremella fuciformis polysaccharide reaches 20.52% while the yield obtained by quantitative analysis is 20.25%.Such comparison showed that the test method is reliable.Methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) test method and dihydroethidium (DHE) staining test method were used for detection of toxicity to fibroblast of human skin (HSF).When the mass concentration of the polysaccharide is within range of 0-200 mg/L,the MTT test showed that the survival rate of HSF achieves 1 and the DHE staining test showed negative.Such results proved that the Tremella fuciformis polysaccharide has no cytotoxicity on HSF. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on bovine corneal opacity and permeability test integrating with histopathological evaluation CHEN Yu,YU Huan,CHENG Shu-jun,TAN Wei-jun,QIN Yao 2016, 46 (2):  106-110.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2016.02.010 Abstract ( 272 )   PDF (4009KB) ( 397 )   In order to refine the alternative method for animal eye irritation test——the bovine corneal opacity and permeability (BCOP) test,and to enhance its application scope and predictability,the fresh bovine corneas were chosen and directly exposed to liquid chemical material to be tested for 10 min,post-incubated for 2 h and further treated with fluorescein sodium for 90 min.Then opacity of the treated corneas was measured with opacitometer;the permeability was determined with the multiskan spectrum microplate spectrophotometer and the histopathological changes of the cornea were observed and graded after routinely fixed and paraffin embedding.Finally,the predictive models based on the above three indices were established.The results showed that the corneal opacity and permeability,integrated with histopathological changes of epithelium,stroma and endothelium,the scope of irritation from mild level to moderate level can be accurately distinguished.In conclusion,the refined BCOP method integrated with histological observation could improve its predictability and suitable for study of eye irritation mechanism and cosmetic product evaluation. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Synthesis of ambradiol HAO Yan-feng, YANG Shao-xiang, LI Li-hui, Lv Yan-yu, TIAN Hong-yu, LIU Yong-guo 2016, 46 (2):  111-113.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2016.02.011 Abstract ( 468 )   PDF (745KB) ( 366 )   Ambradiol was synthesized by potassium permanganate oxidizing and lithium aluminum hydride reducing from sclareol.Reactant ratio,reaction temperature and reaction time for the oxidation process were studied.The experimental results showed that under conditions as reaction temperature 29 ℃,reaction time 5 h,n(sclareol)∶n(potassium permanganate)=1∶5.6,yield of ambradiol achieves 22.3%. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Review

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Progress in research work with respect to in vitro evaluation method on cellular level for efficacy of anti-senility cosmetics GUO Song-he,GAO He-yi,ZENG Sa,ZHANG Ge 2016, 46 (2):  114-117.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2016.02.012 Abstract ( 431 )   PDF (764KB) ( 390 )   From three aspects for in vitro evaluation method on cellular level for efficacy of anti-senility cosmetics,i.e.the keratinocytes model,the fibroblast model and the three-dimensional skin model were summarized.The evaluation method is mainly based on the cytological observation and the detection of molecular biological indicators in the cell model of keratinocytes,fibroblast and three-dimensional skin.The application of these techniques has a wide range value for the development and evaluation of skin anti-senility products. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Analyticalmethodsandtestin

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Simultaneous determination of seven kinds of whitening ingredients in cosmetics by ultra performance liquid chromatography ZHANG Bin,QIAN Ye-fei,MIN Chun-yan,HAO Gang,CHEN Li-bo 2016, 46 (2):  118-122.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2016.02.013 Abstract ( 260 )   PDF (877KB) ( 409 )   A method based on ultra performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector (UPLC-DAD) for simultaneous determination of ozagrel,niacinamide,ferulic acid,phenol,salicylic acid,phenylethyl resorcinol and octanoylsalicylic acid in whitening cosmetics was established.These seven compounds were extracted by 50% methanol aqueous solution under assistance of ultrasonic wave for 20 min.ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 column (2.1 mm×50 mm,1.8 μm) was used with mobile phase of sodium 1-decanesulfonate with concentration of 5 mmol/L (containing 0.1% phosphoric acid) for conducting gradient elution.The detection wavelength is 220 and 277 nm,and the column temperature is 30 ℃.The linearity ranges in 0.25~10 mg/L for ozagrel,0.5~20 mg/L for octanoylsalicylic acid,2.0~80 mg/L for salicylic acid as well as 1.0~40 mg/L for niacinamide,ferulic acid,phenol and phenylethyl resorcinol.The intra and inter day precision of retention time and peak area are also good.The average recovery rates are from 91.9% to 108.2%,and the relative standard deviations (RSD) are from 0.1% to 2.6%.The method is convenient,accurate,reliable and suitable for the determination of seven compounds above mentioned at the same time. References | Related Articles | Metrics