电感耦合等离子体质谱法同时测定洗发水中52种元素

doi:10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2026.08.016

Abstract

Abstract:

To investigate the elemental contents in shampoo, an analytical method for the simultaneous determination of 52 elements in shampoo was established using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry （ICP-MS）. Through the optimization of microwave digestion and ICP-MS operational parameters, 6 mL of nitric acid and 2 mL of hydrogen peroxide were adopted to digest the samples; the No gas analysis mode and He mode were selected as instrumental analysis modes; and Ge and Re were used as online internal standards. The concentrations of 52 elements （namely Li, Be, B, Al, Sc, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, As, Se, Rb, Sr, Y, Ru, Pd, Ag, Cd, In, Sn, Sb, Te, Cs, Ba, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, Hf, Ir, Pt, Au, Hg, Tl, Pb, Bi, and U） in 57 shampoo samples were determined and quantified by ICP-MS under the opimal experimental conditions. The results indicate that under the optimized conditions, the linearity of all 52 elements is good in the range of 1-100 μg/L （1~1 000 μg/L for Se, Zn, Fe, and Al; 0.1~4 μg/L for Hg）, with the correlation coefficients exceeding 0.999 0. The limits of detection of the method are no higher than 75 μg/kg. The spiked recoveries at low, medium and high concentrations （n=6） range from 81.3% to 114.1%, with relative standard deviations of no more than 6%. This method is simple, accurate, sensitive and reproducible, making it suitable for the rapid, high-throughput determination of 52 elements in shampoo. The determination results show that the concentrations of Pb, Cd, Hg, and As in all samples conform to the standard. The contents of prohibited cosmetic ingredients, including Ni, Cr, Sb, Te, Be, Tl and 16 rare earth elements, are low. In contrast, the concentrations of Se, Zn, Fe, and Al are higher in certain types or brands of shampoo samples than in others.

Key words: shampoo, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry （ICP-MS）, element, microwave digestion

CLC Number:

TQ658

Limin Li, Zhongxia Hua, Yufan Xue, Xinfeng Dong. Simultaneous determination of 52 elements in shampoo by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry[J].China Surfactant Detergent & Cosmetics, 2026, 56(8): 1118-1124.

Figures/Tables 2

Tab.1

Linearity parameters and detection limits of 52 elements"

元素	线性方程	线性范围/ （μg/L）	相关系数r	仪器检出限/ （μg/L）	方法检出限/ （μg/kg）	定量限/ （μg/kg）
⁷Li	y=3.694×10^-2x+1.092×10^-3	1~100	0.999 6	0.100	5.0	15
⁹Be	y=1.245×10^-2x-2.258×10^-5	1~100	1.000 0	0.040	2.0	6.7
¹¹B	y=6.088×10^-3x+1.506×10^-2	1~100	0.999 8	0.800	40	133
²⁷Al	y=1.201×10^-3x+7.160×10^-3	1~1 000	0.999 9	1.500	75	250
⁴⁵Sc	y=1.609×10^-2x+2.267×10^-2	1~100	0.999 4	0.030	1.5	5.0
⁵¹V	y=1.358×10^-1x+1.662×10^-3	1~100	1.000 0	0.009	0.45	1.5
⁵²Cr	y=1.632×10^-1x+2.957×10^-2	1~100	0.999 8	0.060	3.0	10
⁵⁵Mn	y=5.790×10^-2x+2.463×10^-3	1~100	0.999 9	0.090	4.5	15
⁵⁶Fe	y=1.188×10^-1x+1.642×10^-1	1~1 000	0.999 8	0.300	15	50
⁵⁹Co	y=3.597×10^-1x+1.271×10^-3	1~100	1.000 0	0.004	0.20	0.70
⁶⁰Ni	y=1.066×10^-1x+4.554×10^-3	1~100	0.999 5	0.070	3.5	12
⁶³Cu	y=2.778×10^-1x+3.216×10^-2	1~100	0.999 9	0.020	1.0	3.3
⁶⁶Zn	y=2.776×10^-2x+4.192×10^-2	1~1 000	0.999 9	0.200	10	35
⁷¹Ga	y=2.409×10^-2x+1.913×10^-4	1~100	0.999 9	0.010	0.50	1.7
⁷⁵As	y=1.709×10^-2x+1.010×10^-4	1~100	1.000 0	0.010	0.50	1.7
⁷⁸Se	y=5.624×10^-4x+1.706×10^-7	1~1 000	0.999 9	0.300	15	50
⁸⁵Rb	y=3.923×10^-2x+7.101×10^-4	1~100	1.000 0	0.008	0.40	1.3
⁸⁸Sr	y=5.314×10^-2x+2.134×10^-2	1~100	1.000 0	0.020	1.0	3.3
⁸⁹Y	y=1.348×10^-1x-1.702×10^-1	1~100	0.999 8	0.020	1.0	3.3
¹⁰¹Ru	y=1.850×10^-1x-5.380×10^-5	1~100	0.999 9	0.002	0.10	0.40
¹⁰⁵Pd	y=2.171×10^-1x-7.903×10^-6	1~100	0.999 6	0.005	0.25	0.80
¹⁰⁷Ag	y=4.525×10^-1x+7.445×10^-4	1~100	0.999 9	0.005	0.25	0.80
¹¹¹Cd	y=4.499×10^-2x-4.892×10^-5	1~100	1.000 0	0.003	0.15	0.50
¹¹⁵In	y=1.999×10^-1x-4.610×10^-1	1~100	0.999 6	0.010	0.50	1.7
¹¹⁸Sn	y=7.762×10^-2x+1.604×10^-3	1~100	0.999 9	0.030	1.5	5.0
¹²¹Sb	y=9.218×10^-2x+1.985×10^-4	1~100	1.000 0	0.005	0.25	0.80
¹²⁵Te	y=1.560×10^-3x+5.580×10^-5	1~100	0.999 9	0.030	1.5	5.0
¹³³Cs	y=6.313×10^-3x+7.533×10^-6	1~100	1.000 0	0.006	0.30	1.0
¹³⁷Ba	y=1.409×10^-3x+1.306×10^-4	1~100	1.000 0	0.060	3.0	10
¹³⁹La	y=2.476×10^-2x+1.258×10^-4	1~100	1.000 0	0.002	0.10	0.40
¹⁴⁰Ce	y=3.120×10^-2x+3.620×10^-4	1~100	1.000 0	0.002	0.10	0.40
¹⁴¹Pr	y=2.724×10^-2x+3.215×10^-5	1~100	1.000 0	0.001	0.050	0.20
¹⁴⁶Nd	y=5.529×10^-3x+2.683×10^-6	1~100	1.000 0	0.002	0.10	0.40
¹⁴⁷Sm	y=4.619×10^-3x+7.572×10^-6	1~100	1.000 0	0.002	0.10	0.40
¹⁵³Eu	y=1.882×10^-2x+1.929×10^-7	1~100	1.000 0	0.002	0.10	0.40
¹⁵⁷Gd	y=1.035×10^-2x+4.673×10^-6	1~100	1.000 0	0.002	0.10	0.40
¹⁵⁹Tb	y=5.230×10^-2x-4.992×10^-6	1~100	0.999 9	0.010	0.50	1.7
¹⁶³Dy	y=1.200×10^-2x+5.026×10^-6	1~100	1.000 0	0.002	0.10	0.40
¹⁶⁵Ho	y=5.332×10^-2x+1.463×10^-5	1~100	0.999 8	0.002	0.10	0.40
¹⁶⁶Er	y=1.766×10^-2x+8.100×10^-8	1~100	1.000 0	0.002	0.10	0.40
¹⁶⁹Tm	y=5.877×10^-2x+1.476×10^-5	1~100	0.999 9	0.001	0.050	0.20
¹⁷²Yb	y=1.318×10^-2x-2.483×10^-6	1~100	1.000 0	0.002	0.10	0.40
¹⁷⁵Lu	y=2.466×10^-2x+1.004×10^-5	1~100	1.000 0	0.009	0.45	1.5
¹⁷⁸Hf	y=1.396×10^-2x+2.196×10^-5	1~100	0.999 8	0.002	0.10	0.40
¹⁹³Ir	y=4.872×10^-2x-2.442×10^-5	1~100	0.999 9	0.002	0.10	0.40
¹⁹⁵Pt	y=2.035×10^-2x-2.560×10^-6	1~100	0.999 9	0.002	0.10	0.40
¹⁹⁷Au	y=3.310×10^-2x+2.006×10^-5	1~100	0.999 7	0.040	2.0	6.7
²⁰²Hg	y=8.483×10^-3x-1.445×10^-5	0.1~4	1.000 0	0.009	0.45	1.5
²⁰⁵Tl	y=4.288×10^-2x-1.696×10^-5	1~100	0.999 9	0.010	0.50	1.7
²⁰⁸Pb	y=5.437×10^-2x+2.360×10^-3	1~100	1.000 0	0.006	0.30	1.0
²⁰⁹Bi	y=4.180×10^-2x+8.615×10^-5	1~100	0.999 8	0.050	2.5	8.3
²³⁸U	y=6.365×10^-2x-1.309×10^-4	1~100	1.000 0	0.001	0.050	0.20

Tab.1

Tab.2

Recoveries of 52 elements"

元素	本底值/ （μg/kg）	加标量/μg	平均回收率/%	RSD/%	加标量/μg	平均回收率/%	RSD/%	加标量/μg	平均回收率/%	RSD/%
⁷Li	<5.0	0.25	103.0	3.34	0.50	106.9	3.58	1.25	106.8	3.47
⁹Be	<2.0	0.25	92.8	3.78	0.50	108.8	3.49	1.25	98.0	3.18
¹¹B	40.77	0.25	100.0	4.12	0.50	104.7	2.97	1.25	96.1	3.00
²⁷Al	51.49	0.25	114.1	5.36	0.50	96.0	2.95	1.25	100.9	3.02
⁴⁵Sc	17.86	0.25	101.1	1.59	0.50	94.2	3.26	1.25	102.4	1.00
⁵¹V	0.57	0.25	98.8	3.29	0.50	100.4	2.08	1.25	97.8	2.33
⁵²Cr	32.62	0.25	108.8	1.59	0.50	102.4	1.33	1.25	103.3	1.38
⁵⁵Mn	13.28	0.25	106.5	1.70	0.50	101.2	1.56	1.25	105.3	1.09
⁵⁶Fe	40.44	0.25	97.2	5.18	0.50	87.7	4.87	1.25	98.0	5.83
⁵⁹Co	0.74	0.25	101.4	2.38	0.50	105.6	1.83	1.25	102.0	2.06
⁶⁰Ni	9.67	0.25	102.4	3.37	0.50	100.3	1.56	1.25	98.7	2.14
⁶³Cu	14.71	0.25	108.6	3.08	0.50	105.4	1.73	1.25	99.2	2.17
⁶⁶Zn	34.92	0.25	89.3	3.95	0.50	83.4	1.49	1.25	97.2	1.37
⁷¹Ga	<0.50	0.25	107.8	1.60	0.50	104.0	1.46	1.25	100.2	1.61
⁷⁵As	<0.50	0.25	103.5	3.11	0.50	105.3	2.40	1.25	100.1	1.96
⁷⁸Se	<15	0.25	104.5	2.77	0.50	103.3	3.22	1.25	99.0	2.31
⁸⁵Rb	1.14	0.25	104.1	1.45	0.50	99.8	1.27	1.25	97.7	1.46
⁸⁸Sr	31.22	0.25	102.7	2.50	0.50	99.9	1.89	1.25	97.0	2.81
⁸⁹Y	<1.0	0.25	104.3	3.43	0.50	105.7	2.76	1.25	99.2	2.44
¹⁰¹Ru	<0.10	0.25	100.5	1.52	0.50	102.2	0.94	1.25	95.9	1.46
¹⁰⁵Pd	<0.25	0.25	93.3	2.32	0.50	90.3	1.79	1.25	89.1	1.68
¹⁰⁷Ag	<0.25	0.25	94.9	2.70	0.50	99.0	1.70	1.25	91.8	1.56
¹¹¹Cd	<0.15	0.25	90.8	2.05	0.50	95.8	2.07	1.25	90.1	1.87
¹¹⁵In	<0.50	0.25	106.1	3.55	0.50	107.0	2.97	1.25	92.9	2.02
¹¹⁸Sn	<1.5	0.25	96.4	1.94	0.50	103.0	1.31	1.25	97.9	1.56
¹²¹Sb	0.43	0.25	92.7	2.67	0.50	97.5	1.89	1.25	93.3	2.32
¹²⁵Te	<1.5	0.25	99.1	2.68	0.50	100.0	2.99	1.25	94.6	2.44
¹³³Cs	<0.30	0.25	92.8	1.70	0.50	92.5	1.38	1.25	90.6	1.57
¹³⁷Ba	8.77	0.25	92.6	2.04	0.50	94.0	2.71	1.25	92.4	2.52
¹³⁹La	<0.10	0.25	104.1	3.65	0.50	104.4	2.88	1.25	96.6	2.99
¹⁴⁰Ce	<0.10	0.25	104.3	2.53	0.50	104.6	1.68	1.25	96.7	2.00
¹⁴¹Pr	<0.050	0.25	101.2	2.25	0.50	100.9	1.70	1.25	93.5	1.90
¹⁴⁶Nd	<0.10	0.25	101.0	3.10	0.50	100.9	2.83	1.25	93.4	2.15
¹⁴⁷Sm	<0.10	0.25	100.2	1.83	0.50	102.3	1.07	1.25	94.3	1.17
¹⁵³Eu	<0.10	0.25	100.7	2.57	0.50	100.8	1.86	1.25	93.4	2.03
¹⁵⁷Gd	<0.10	0.25	102.7	2.34	0.50	102.0	2.00	1.25	94.3	2.04
¹⁵⁹Tb	<0.50	0.25	102.8	3.89	0.50	102.3	2.20	1.25	94.0	3.76
¹⁶³Dy	<0.10	0.25	101.9	2.55	0.50	101.6	2.08	1.25	93.7	1.84
¹⁶⁵Ho	<0.10	0.25	102.4	3.76	0.50	101.8	2.78	1.25	94.3	3.13
¹⁶⁶Er	<0.10	0.25	103.7	2.90	0.50	103.1	2.01	1.25	95.7	1.98
¹⁶⁹Tm	<0.050	0.25	105.6	2.67	0.50	105.4	2.07	1.25	97.4	2.96
¹⁷²Yb	<0.10	0.25	103.9	3.01	0.50	103.6	2.03	1.25	95.8	2.26
¹⁷⁵Lu	<0.45	0.25	100.9	3.05	0.50	101.8	2.19	1.25	92.9	2.28
¹⁷⁸Hf	<0.10	0.25	93.2	5.34	0.50	94.7	1.12	1.25	88.1	1.31
¹⁹³Ir	<0.10	0.25	98.5	2.23	0.50	102.4	1.32	1.25	97.4	1.76
¹⁹⁵Pt	<0.10	0.25	89.9	2.02	0.50	93.9	1.59	1.25	90.6	1.91
¹⁹⁷Au	<2.0	0.25	83.8	4.81	0.50	84.6	3.37	1.25	81.3	1.68
²⁰²Hg	0.70	0.25	99.4	4.85	0.50	88.3	2.76	1.25	87.8	2.17
²⁰⁵Tl	<0.50	0.25	87.3	2.62	0.50	94.2	2.04	1.25	93.2	2.47
²⁰⁸Pb	4.34	0.25	90.9	2.42	0.50	92.1	2.06	1.25	88.3	2.49
²⁰⁹Bi	<2.5	0.25	93.8	3.28	0.50	95.0	3.96	1.25	98.9	1.99
²³⁸U	<0.050	0.25	93.0	2.34	0.50	96.8	2.26	1.25	90.4	3.06

Tab.2

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Simultaneous determination of 52 elements in shampoo by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry

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