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2024年, 第54卷, 第4期　刊出日期：2024-04-22 上一期    下一期

基础研究

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基于β-环糊精的高矿化度水中曲拉通X-405的检测新方法 A new method for quantitative determination of Triton X-405 in high-mineralization water based on β-cyclodextrin 孙建萧, 荆江录, 王渊, 樊庆虎, 肖文梁, 石东坡 2024 (4):  369-375.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2024.04.001 摘要 ( 71 )   HTML ( 11 )   PDF(1297KB) ( 46 )   油田压裂用水矿化度高，为了降低压裂用水对紫外光谱法检测聚乙二醇叔辛基苯基醚（曲拉通X-405）产生的影响，采用添加适量β-环糊精（β-CD）作为屏蔽剂来消除压裂用水的干扰作用。研究结果表明，压裂用水能明显降低曲拉通X-405的吸光度和临界胶束浓度（cmc），在压裂用水中，100.0 mg/L曲拉通X-405在最大吸收波长224 nm处的吸光度降幅达6.67%，曲拉通X-405的cmc也由蒸馏水中的103.978 mg/L降低至97.056 mg/L。加入与曲拉通X-405相同物质的量的β-环糊精后，压裂用水对曲拉通X-405吸光度的干扰作用显著降低，100.0 mg/L曲拉通X-405在224 nm处的吸光度降幅仅为1.99%，在20.0~160.0 mg/L范围内，曲拉通X-405在蒸馏水中及在压裂用水中均没有形成胶束，曲拉通X-405的检测回收率也由88.3%~97.4%改善至97.5%~99.6%。等摩尔连续变化法、FT IR及1H NMR结果表明，在水溶液中曲拉通X-405与β-CD按物质的量比1∶1形成包结物，曲拉通X-405分子可以分别从β-CD分子空腔的宽、窄口径两端进入β-CD内腔，包结物的屏蔽作用是降低压裂用水对曲拉通X-405的干扰作用的根本原因。该方法为准确检测高矿化度压裂用水中的曲拉通X-405提供了新参考。 High-salinity oilfield fracturing water has interference on the quantitative analysis of polyethylene glycol tert-octylphenyl ether （Triton X-405） by ultraviolet spectroscopy. In this work, an appropriate amount of β-cyclodextrin （β-CD） was added as a “shielding” agent to reduce the interference of fracturing water. The results showed that the fracturing water could significantly reduce the absorbance and critical micelle concentration （cmc） of Triton X-405. In fracturing water, the absorbance of 100.0 mg/L Triton X-405 was decreased by 6.67% at the maximum absorption wavelength of 224 nm, and the cmc of Triton X-405 was also reduced from 103.978 mg/L to 97.056 mg/L. The impact of fracturing water on the absorbance of Triton X-405 could be significantly reduced by adding equimolar β-CD, and the decrease in absorbance of 100.0 mg/L Triton X-405 at 224 nm was only 1.99%. Triton X-405 could not form micelles in the mass concentration range of 20.0-160.0 mg/L by adding β-CD in water or in fracturing water. As a result, the recovery of Triton X-405 in fracturing water was improved from 88.3%-97.4% to 97.5%-99.6%. The results of FT IR, 1H NMR and the method of continuous variations indicated that Triton X-405 and β-CD could form 1∶1 inclusion complex, and the Triton X-405 molecule could enter into the CD cavity both from the narrow rim and the wide rim. The shielding effect due to the formation of inclusion complex suppressed the interference of fracturing water on the determination of Triton X-405. The work could provide a new guidance for accurately determining Triton X-405 in high-salinity fracturing water. 数据和表 | 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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AC@Fe3O4的制备及其对水中乳液的吸附性能研究 Preparation of AC@Fe3O4 and its adsorption of emulsion from water 丁文杰, 申婧, 董晓娜, 杜志平, 王淑军 2024 (4):  376-384.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2024.04.002 摘要 ( 63 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF(1650KB) ( 35 )   煤矿液压支架乳液在使用的过程汇入矿井水中，大幅度增加了处理难度。粉末活性炭（AC）具有比表面积大、吸附能力强等优点，可以应用于含乳液矿井水的处理中，但存在吸附后固液分离难以及AC再生回用难的问题。基于此，本研究以AC、FeCl3·6H2O、FeCl2·4H2O为原料，通过化学共沉淀法制备了活性炭负载Fe3O4复合材料（AC@Fe3O4），并应用于液压乳液废水的吸附处理。结果表明，磁性活性炭对乳液的吸附在90 min时达到吸附平衡，当乳液的初始体积分数为0.5%，温度为25 ℃，振荡速度为200 r/min时，对乳液的吸附量为1.07 mL/g。吸附动力学研究表明，磁性活性炭对乳液的吸附更符合伪二级动力学模型，表明其对乳液的吸附主要是化学吸附，Langmuir等温线模型对磁性活性炭吸附乳液的拟合度较高，通过拟合计算得到的理论饱和吸附量为1.51 mL/g，而实验中优化吸附量也达到1.07 mL/g。吸附平衡后分离出的AC@Fe3O4在甲醇中乳液的脱附率可以达到90%以上，吸附剂可以重复利用，经过5次循环仍能保持良好的吸脱附性能，并且在外加磁力的作用下可实现液固分离，回收利用简单方便。 The treatment of mine water has become increasingly difficult due to the afflux of hydraulic support emulsion. With the advantages of large specific surface area and adsorption capacity, powdered activated carbon （AC） has been widely used in water treatment. However, for ordinary AC, there are difficulties in separation and recycling after adsorption of organic pollutants. Herein, activated carbon supported Fe3O4 （AC@Fe3O4） was prepared with chemical coprecipitation by using AC, FeCl3·6H2O and FeCl2·4H2O as raw materials, and the product was used to adsorb the hydraulic support emulsion from water. The results showed that the adsorption equilibrium could be reached at 90 min. At the volume fraction of emulsion of 0.5%, temperature of 25 ℃ and oscillation rate of 200 r/min, the adsorption capacity was 1.07 mL/g. The study of adsorption kinetics showed that the adsorption of emulsion at AC@Fe3O4 was more consistent with pseudo-second-order model, indicating that the adsorption of emulsion on magnetic activated carbon was mainly chemical adsorption. The Langmuir isotherm model had a high fitting degree for the adsorption of emulsion on magnetic activated carbon, in which the theoretical saturated adsorption capacity calculated by fitting was 1.51 mL/g. In the experiment, the optimized adsorption capacity could reach 1.07 mL/g. After adsorption, external magnetic force was used to realize complete liquid-solid separation. In methanol, more than 90% emulsion could be desorbed from the AC@Fe3O4 after adsorption. After 5 cycles, the AC@Fe3O4 still maintained excellent performance of adsorption and desorption. This work could provide a novel strategy for efficient recycling and reutilization of activated carbon in treatment of the waste water containing emulsion. 数据和表 | 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

科技讲座

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化妆品植物原料（Ⅷ）——抗细菌的植物原料研究与开发 Botanical cosmetic ingredients （VIII）Research and development of plant antibacterial 邓诗雨, 孙旭, 金建明, 吴华 2024 (4):  385-392.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2024.04.003 摘要 ( 103 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF(1499KB) ( 77 )   细菌无处不在，也是人体皮肤微生物中最大的种群。传统的化妆品防腐剂副作用相对较大，长期使用容易改变皮肤中细菌种群的平衡而导致各种皮肤问题。作为天然的防腐剂，植物中的抗细菌活性成分能减少甚至消除传统防腐剂的副作用及不良反应。文章介绍了植物提取物抗细菌的作用机制及其主要作用靶点，总结了植物中各类抗细菌活性成分。植物中具有抗细菌的活性成分主要有酚类、萜类、生物碱、黄酮、苯丙素类、醌类和精油。植物中的抗细菌活性成分主要通过抑制肽聚糖合酶活性进一步抑制细菌的细胞壁合成以及破坏细胞膜结构和改变细胞膜通透性，使得细胞内成分渗漏，导致细胞死亡而产生抗菌作用。植物中的酚类和生物碱也可以通过抑制细菌中的蛋白质合成，抑制DNA解旋酶和DNA拓扑异构酶而抑制核酸合成，以及抑制基础代谢和能量代谢而产生抗菌作用。而苯丙素类化合物则通过抑制DNA拓扑异构酶或细胞膜质子泵而产生抗菌作用。一些植物抗菌活性成分也可以通过抑制生物膜的形成而产生抑菌活性。文章通过对植物中各类抗细菌活性成分的阐述，希望能为植物原料更好地应用于相关化妆品提供帮助。 Bacteria are found nearly everywhere on earth, and are the largest population in human skin microbiome. Due to the considerable negative effects of the conventional cosmetic preservatives, their long-term use is likely to disrupt the balance of skin bacterial population, then cause skin disorders or diseases. As natural preservatives, the antibacterial components in plants can reduce or eliminate the negative effects brought by conventional cosmetic preservatives. This paper introduced the mechanisms and the targets of antibacterial plant extracts, and summarized the different kinds of antibacterial components in plants, including phenolics, terpenes, alkaloids, flavones, phenylpropanoids, quinones and essential oils. The antibacterial components cause cell death, mainly by inhibiting the activities of peptidoglycan synthases, which leads to inhibit bacterial cell wall formation, destruct the cell membrane structure or modify cell membrane permeability, resulting in the leakage of intracellular components. The antibacterial effects of phenolics and alkaloids are mainly through inhibiting cell protein synthesis, the nucleic acid synthesis, DNA helicases and DNA topoisomerases, or basal metabolism and energy metabolism. Phenylpropanoids can inhibit bacterial growth by inhibiting DNA topoisomerases or cell membrane proton pumps. Some antibacterial components from plants also can inhibit bacterial biofilm formation. This paper has reviewed different kinds of antibacterial components from plants, with the aim to provide information for a better application of plant extracts in cosmetics. 数据和表 | 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

开发与应用

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黑茶籽油成分分析及其对于H2O2诱导HFF-1细胞氧化损伤的保护作用 Compositional analysis of dark tea seed oil and its protective effect against H2O2-induced oxidative damage in HFF-1 cells 李健, 邓建明, 黄源城, 余敏, 王光丽, 王靖 2024 (4):  393-400.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2024.04.004 摘要 ( 91 )   HTML ( 19 )   PDF(1997KB) ( 72 )   对茶籽油的活性成分及其抗氧化活性进行研究。对不同产地的茶籽油的脂肪酸、α-生育酚含量进行了测定，发现黑茶籽油的三种不饱和脂肪酸（油酸、亚油酸、亚麻酸）总含量（83.72%），α-生育酚（1.33 mg/g）相比于其他茶籽油（绿茶籽油、普洱茶籽油）、山茶籽油（有机山茶油）和油茶籽油（有机油茶籽油、古树茶籽油）含量更高。在此基础上，测试了黑茶籽油对于DPPH自由基、ABTS自由基、羟基自由基的清除能力。结果表明黑茶籽油在0.15 g/mL质量浓度时，对于DPPH、ABTS自由基的清除率分别93.08%和94.85%；在0.3 g/mL质量浓度下，对羟基自由基的清除率为91.25%，相较于其他茶籽油表现出更好的自由基清除效果。此外，还测定了黑茶籽油对于双氧水诱导的人成纤维细胞（HFF-1）氧化应激以及衰老的抑制作用。细胞增殖实验、活性氧自由基测定实验和β-半乳糖苷酶染色实验的结果表明，黑茶籽油在10~50 μg/mL质量浓度下对双氧水诱导的HFF-1细胞氧化应激具有一定的保护作用，表现出抗氧化、抗衰老的活性。 The active components of tea seed oil and its antioxidant activity were studied. The contents of three unsaturated fatty acids （oleic acid, linoleic acid and linolenic acid） and α-tocopherol in Camellia Sinensis and Camellia Oleifera Abel seed oils from different producing areas, as well as the Camellia Japonica seed oil were analyzed by chromatography. Results show that the total content of three kinds of unsaturated fatty acids is 83.72%, and the content of α-tocopherol is 1.33 mg/g for the Camellia Camellia Sinensis （dark tea） seed oil, which values are higher that of the other kinds of seed oils. Moreover, the scavenging abilities of Camellia Sinensis （dark tea） seed oil for 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl （DPPH）, 2,2’-azino-bis（3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonicacid） （ABTS） and hydroxyl radicals were tested, and the results show that at a mass concentration of 0.15 g/mL, the scavenging rates to DPPH and ABTS radicals are 93.08% and 94.85%, respectively. While the scavenging rate to hydroxyl radicals is 91.25% at a mass concentration of 0.3 g/mL, which shows a better radical scavenging effect than other tea seed oils. In addition, the inhibitory effects of Camellia Sinensis （dark tea） seed oil on hydrogen peroxide induced oxidative stress and senescence of human fibroblasts （HFF-1） were also determined. The results of cell proliferation test, reactive oxygen species （ROS） test and β-galactosidase staining experiment show that Camellia Sinensis （dark tea） seed oil has a certain inhibitory effect on hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress in HFF-1 cells at mass concentrations of 10 to 50 μg/mL, exhibiting antioxidant and anti-aging activities. 数据和表 | 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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拉曼光谱研究表面活性剂对皮肤刺激和皮肤防护的体内分子机制 In vivo molecular mechanism of surfactant-induced skin irritation and skin protection by confocal Raman spectroscopy 何一凡, 吴文海, 苏牧楠, 蒋晓龙, 刘宇红 2024 (4):  401-409.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2024.04.005 摘要 ( 87 )   HTML ( 9 )   PDF(2138KB) ( 55 )   为了更好地研究表面活性剂对皮肤损伤和皮肤防护的分子机制，需要研究人（内源性物质和结构）、物质（刺激物和抗刺激活性物）、以及人与物质的相互作用。然而，在人体上分子水平的机制研究报道很少。共聚焦拉曼光谱可以开展此类研究，因其可以在体、实时和非侵入式地测定角质层中的某些内源性或外源性物质，并分析角质层结构。文章以十二烷基硫酸钠（SDS）作为刺激剂，通过共聚焦拉曼光谱扫描志愿者前臂屈侧皮肤12 μm深度内，定性和半定量地测量SDS经皮吸收的相对量和深度，以及SDS“入侵”时皮肤脂质相对含量和结构的变化。结果表明，SDS经皮吸收进入角质层，导致角质层脂质流失和脂质有序性降低。据报道刺激物的进入量和深度是影响皮肤刺激程度的两个主要因素，文章首次在人体上通过SDS给予证实；此外，文章首次发现SDS引起的人体皮肤屏障损伤的第三个因素，我们称之为“刺激传导网络”，即SDS对皮肤的损伤不仅局限于其所到之处，“刺激传导网络”可以将刺激损伤传递到SDS未到达的更深更远处。通过拉曼光谱对皮肤内部进行研究，并结合体外手段例如3D皮肤等，结果一致，进而提出了“现实世界发生的”SDS诱导皮肤损伤的分子学机制。根据该机制设计的表面活性剂拮抗剂简称ASF，数据显示，可以有效阻挡SDS的经皮吸收，进而有效阻止皮肤脂质流失和脂质有序性的降低，对皮肤屏障的保护效果很好，为表面活性剂在人体刺激机制以及保护机制提供进一步佐证。 To better understand the molecular mechanism of surfactant-induced skin damage and skin protection, human （skin endogenous）, exogenous substances （irritant and active ingredient against irritant）, and the interaction between them need to be explored simultaneously. However, there are few reports in real-time of the mechanism at molecular level on humans. Confocal Raman spectroscopy allows such investigation with in vivo, real-time, non-invasive analysis of both substances （endogenous or exogenous） in stratum corneum （SC） and the structure of SC. In this study, the relative amount and depth of transdermal absorption of sodium dodecyl sulfate （SDS） chosen as surfactant representative, and the changes in relative content and structure of skin lipids upon SDS invasion were measured qualitatively and semi-quantitatively by scanning volunteers’ skin of volar forearm at the depth of 0-12 μm with confocal Roman spectrometer. It showed that SDS was absorbed in SC, causing its lipid loss and lipid order reduction. The evidence that the amount and depth of irritant are two main factors affecting the extent of stimulation in skin was provided based on human data for the first time. The third factor, which could enhance SDS-induced barrier damage called the “conduction network of stimuli” was found in humans for the first time. The results of skin interior studied by Raman spectroscopy, combined with other techniques, including 3D skin model, Skin Surface Analyzer etc., all were in good agreement, which came to the molecular mechanism of SDS-induced skin/barrier damage and skin protection of what happened in the real world. The proposals were confirmed by the efficacy of surfactant antagonist called ASF thus designed by the fact that compared with the absence of antagonist, the damage to the skin barrier function caused by SDS could be reduced efficiently. 数据和表 | 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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负载香芹酚的小麦醇溶蛋白/果胶纳米颗粒的构建及性质表征 Preparation and characterization of carvacrol-loaded gliadin-pectin nanoparticles 许雪儿, 金绍娣, 王岚 2024 (4):  410-418.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2024.04.006 摘要 ( 47 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF(1522KB) ( 31 )   香芹酚作为天然高效的抗氧化剂，却由于其水溶性较差导致其生物活性较低。研究借助小麦醇溶蛋白的自组装特性包埋香芹酚，复合果胶做稳定剂，运用反溶剂法制备负载香芹酚的纳米颗粒。借助粒径仪及光学照片考察小麦醇溶蛋白与果胶不同质量比、小麦醇溶蛋白与香芹酚不同质量比、pH值、盐离子浓度及储藏时间对复合纳米颗粒稳定性的影响。结果表明：当m（小麦醇溶蛋白）∶m（果胶）=1∶1.5时，复合纳米颗粒粒径为179.23 nm，多分散指数（PDI）达0.21，电位达-36.42 mV。在该条件下，当m（小麦醇溶蛋白）∶m（香芹酚）=10∶1时，包封率达85.23%；当pH=3.0~9.0，盐离子浓度不高于50 mmol/L时，负载香芹酚的复合纳米颗粒稳定性较好，且储藏实验表明28天内体系均一稳定。透射电镜结果也显示果胶与小麦醇溶蛋白借助相互作用力形成稳定球型结构。此外，抗氧化实验显示负载香芹酚的复合纳米颗粒可有效实现对自由基的清除，且对DPPH自由基清除率的IC50值为（13.21±0.81） μg/mL，可预防食物氧化，在食品保鲜与包装领域有较好的应用前景。 As a natural and efficient antioxidant, carvacrol has a good antibacterial and antioxidant properties. But the carvacrol has lower bioavailability than some neurotrophic substance due to its poor water solubility. To solve this problem, the gliadin/pectin-carvacrol were prepared by anti solvent method, using gliadin as the material, and pectin as a crosslinker. The effects of different mass ratios of gliadin and pectin, different mass ratios of gliadin and carvacrol, pH value, salt ion concentration and storage time on the stability of composite nanoparticles were investigated by the means of particle size analyzer and optical photographs. The results show that the particle size of the composite nanoparticles is 179.23 nm, the polydispersity index （PDI） is 0.21, and the Zeta-potential is -36.42 mV with m（gliadin） ∶m（pectin）=1∶1.5. Moreover, the encapsulation efficiency is 85.23% with the m（gliadin） ∶m（carvacrol）=10∶1. When the pH=3.0-9.0 and salt ion concentration is lower than 50 mmol/L, the composite nanoparticles loaded with carvacrol have a good stability, and the storage experiment shows that the system is uniform and stable within 28 days. The results of transmission electron microscopy also show that pectin and gliadin formed a stable spherical structure through the electrostatic interaction. In addition, the antioxidant experiments show that the composite nanoparticles loaded with carvacrol can effectively eliminate free radicals and prevent food oxidation, and the IC50 of DPPH radical scavenging activity is （13.21±0.81） μg/mL, which has a good application prospect in the field of food preservation and packaging. 数据和表 | 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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羧甲基纤维素钠在醇水混合溶剂中的流变性研究 Research on the rheological properties of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose in glycerol-water mixed solvents 高艳, 肖蕾 2024 (4):  419-424.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2024.04.007 摘要 ( 77 )   HTML ( 11 )   PDF(1307KB) ( 31 )   采用Anton Paar MCR 302 流变仪，研究了羧甲基纤维素钠在甘油质量分数分别为0%，20%，40%，60%和80%的甘油-水混合溶剂中的流变特性。发现甘油-水混合CMC溶液为无屈服力非牛顿流体，具有剪切稀化特性；随甘油质量分数的增加，CMC溶液黏度增大、剪切稀化特性逐渐明显、结构恢复变慢；溶液从黏弹性流体逐渐向黏弹性固体转变，内部结构增强，刚性增大。经高温处理后，CMC混合溶液的黏度均会显著增加，且增加值随甘油量增加而增大。亲水性多糖类聚合物的分子主链带有羟基，具有形成氢键的能力。甘油带3个醇羟基，与水形成氢键比水与水之间的氢键更强，可促进体系中羟基间氢键形成，增加氢键数量以及氢键作用力，增大了聚合物分子链缠绕、分子链段缠结。 The rheological properties of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose （CMC） in glycerol-water mixed solvents with different mass fractions of glycerol were studied on an Anton Paar MCR 302 Rheometer. The mass fractions of glycerol were 0%, 20%, 40%, 60% and 80%, respectively. The results showed that the CMC in different mixed solvents showed no yield stress and they were pseudoplastic fluids with shear-thinning behavior. With the increase of glycerol content, the viscosity of the CMC solution gradually increased; the shear-thinning properties became more obvious; the recovery of solution structure became slow; and the CMC solution gradually changed from a viscoelastic fluid to a viscoelastic solid, in which the internal structure was strengthened and the rigidity was increased. After high-temperature treatment, the viscosities of CMC solutions in the mixed solvents were significantly increased, and the increment was increased with the increase of glycerol content. The molecular backbones of hydrophilic polysaccharide polymers such as CMC have hydroxyl groups and can form hydrogen bonds. The glycerol molecule contains three hydroxyl groups, and its ability of formation of hydrogen bonds with water is strong. Therefore, glycerol can promote the hydrogen bonding between hydroxyl groups in the system, i.e., increase the number of hydrogen bonds and the strength of hydrogen bonding, and thus increase the entanglement of molecular chains and molecular segments. 数据和表 | 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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氨基改性硅油柔软剂的稀释稳定性研究 Study on dilution stability of amino modified silicone oil softener 王艾德, 崔金德, 梁丽丽, 张琳涵, 曹允灿, 刘庆润 2024 (4):  425-430.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2024.04.008 摘要 ( 52 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF(1237KB) ( 31 )   研究氨基改性硅油柔软剂的稀释稳定性。制备基础硅油化合物，并利用包含氨基的氨基酸对其改性。对氨基改性硅油柔软剂实施稀释倍数下的分层测试、表面张力测试以及透水率测试。结果表明：离心稳定性、耐酸、耐碱稳定性测试下溶液没有出现分层，而耐热稳定性、耐电解质稳定性两个测试虽然出现分层情况，但是比例系数均在0.1以下，说明经过稀释后，氨基改性硅油柔软剂保持较好的稳定性。随着稀释倍数提高，氨基改性硅油柔软剂的表面张力越来越小，透光率越来越大；随着时间的延长，虽然二者出现波动，但最终基本维持在一定水平上，证明其性能的稳定性。 Silicone oil softener plays an important role in the treatment of textiles, but with the improvement of the quality requirements for textiles, the general silicone oil softener has been unable to meet the demand. Under this background, the dilution stability of amino modified silicone oil softener was studied. The basic silicone oil compound was prepared and modified with amino acid containing amino acid. The delamination test, surface tension test and water permeability test were carried out under dilution multiple for amino modified silicone oil softener. The results show that under the centrifugal stability, acid resistance stability and alkali resistance stability tests, the solution does not show delamination. While the thermal stability and electrolyte resistance stability test items show delamination, the proportion coefficient is below 0.1, indicating that the amino modified silicone oil softener maintains good stability after dilution. With the increase of dilution ratio, the surface tension of amino modified silicone oil softener becomes smaller and smaller, and the light transmittance becomes larger and larger. With the extension of time, although both of them are fluctuating, they ultimately remain at a certain level, proving the stability of their performance. 数据和表 | 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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芝麻林素对皮肤光老化小鼠AQP3表达和Nrf2信号通路活化的影响 Effects of sesamolin on AQP3 expression and Nrf2 signaling pathway activation in skin photoaging mice 韩耕涛, 董卓, 姚韧辉 2024 (4):  431-438.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2024.04.009 摘要 ( 61 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF(1699KB) ( 44 )   研究芝麻林素（Sesamolin，SES）对紫外线B（UVB）诱导的皮肤光老化小鼠的影响。将小鼠随机分为5组（n=12）：Control组、UVB组、低剂量SES组（L-SES）、中剂量SES组（M-SES）和高剂量SES组（H-SES）。其中Control组小鼠不进行UVB照射，其他组小鼠均进行8周UVB照射。此外，照射当天开始，L-SES组、M-SES组和H-SES组小鼠分别灌胃0.5 mL 20，40和80 mg/（kg·d）的芝麻林素溶液，共给药8周。给药结束后，分别测定各组小鼠的表皮含水量。通过HE染色评价皮肤组织形态，通过Masson三色染色评价胶原蛋白沉积。测定皮肤组织中氧化应激指标（SOD、CAT、GSH-Px和MDA）水平。通过RT-qPCR和Western blotting检测皮肤组织中MMP-1、Collagen I、Nrf2、Keap1、HO-1、AQP3的mRNA或蛋白水平。结果显示，与UVB组比较，L-SES组、M-SES组和H-SES组小鼠表皮含水量升高，表皮厚度降低，皮肤病变减轻，胶原纤维排列整齐，胶原密度升高，MMP-1 mRNA和蛋白表达水平降低，Collagen I mRNA和蛋白表达水平升高，SOD、CAT和GSH-Px水平升高，MDA水平降低，Nrf2和HO-1的mRNA和蛋白相对表达量升高，Keap1 mRNA和蛋白相对表达量降低，AQP3的mRNA和蛋白相对表达量升高（P<0.05）。表明芝麻林素可剂量依赖性的提高小鼠表皮含水量和抗氧化能力，减轻皮肤损伤，其机制可能与上调AQP3的表达和激活Nrf2信号通路有关。 The study aimed to reveal the effect of Sesamolin （SES） on skin photoaging mice induced by ultraviolet B （UVB）. Mice were randomly divided into five groups （n=12）: control group, UVB group, low dose SES group （L-SES）, medium dose SES group （M-SES） and high dose SES group （H-SES）. Mice in control group were not irradiated with UVB, while mice in other groups were irradiated with UVB for 8 weeks. In addition, from the day of irradiation, mice in L-SES group, M-SES group and H-SES group were administrated with 0.5 mL Sesamolin solution of 20, 40 and 80 mg/（kg·d）, respectively, for a total of 8 weeks. After administration, the water content of epidermis of mice in each group was measured. Skin morphology was evaluated by HE staining and collagen deposition was evaluated by Masson trichrome staining. The levels of oxidative stress indexes （SOD, CAT, GSH-Px and MDA） in skin tissue were measured. The mRNA or protein levels of MMP-1, Collagen I, Nrf2, Keap1, HO-1 and AQP3 in skin tissue were detected by RT-qPCR and Western blotting. Compared with UVB group, the water content of epidermis in L-SES group, M-SES group and H-SES group increases, the thickness of epidermis decreases, the skin lesion alleviates, the collagen fibers arrange neatly, the collagen density increases, the expression levels of MMP-1 mRNA and protein decrease, the expression levels of Collagen I mRNA and protein increase, the levels of SOD, CAT and GSH-Px increase, the level of MDA decreases, and the relative expression levels of mRNA and protein in Nrf2 and HO-1 increase, the relative expression levels of Keap1 mRNA and protein decrease, while the relative expression levels of mRNA and protein of AQP3 increase （P<0.05）. Sesamolin can increase the water content and antioxidant capacity of mouse epidermis in a dose-dependent manner and reduce skin injury. The mechanism may be related to the up-regulation of AQP3 expression and activation of Nrf2 signal pathway. 数据和表 | 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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基于数据库可视化分析发酵源化妆品的应用与发展 A review on application and development of fermentation cosmetics based on database visualization 华中杰, 茅文瑄, 狄飞倩, 张佳婵, 王昌涛 2024 (4):  439-448.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2024.04.010 摘要 ( 63 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF(9613KB) ( 70 )   近五年随着消费者对“天然、绿色、安全”化妆品的关注度日益提高，发酵源化妆品的开发得到了长足发展。对于发酵源化妆品原料的开发，中外研究人员从不同角度入手，提高了相关发酵产物的活性、产量以及有效成分的含量。文章基于中国知网（CNKI）数据库以及Web of Science核心数据库，借助文献计量方法和知识图谱可视化软件VOSviewer，以“化妆品”、“发酵”、“cosmetic”、“fermentation”或“fermented”为关键词构建近五年发酵源化妆品文献库，根据可视化分析知识图谱中的关键词共现频率分析近期发酵源化妆品领域的研究热点，并对目前化妆品相关的发酵菌种、发酵产物及功效宣称进行了汇总分析，同时对未来发酵源化妆品的发展与研发提出展望，为发酵源化妆品领域研究提供理论基础。 As the attention of consumers to the “natural, green and safe” cosmetics is increasing, the development of fermentation cosmetics has made great progress in the past five years. Thanks to various research methods, domestic and foreign researchers have effectively improved the activity and content of active ingredients in fermentation products. With the help of bibliometric methods and knowledge graph visualization software named VOSviewer, this paper analyzed the literatures from 2018 to 2023 in CNKI database and Web of Science core database. A database in the field of fermentation-source cosmetic were established, taking “cosmetic” and “fermentation” or “fermented” as the key words. According to the knowledge graph, the results were summarized to introduce the development of fermentation cosmetics during the past five years. Diverse fermentation strains and products are classified, and so is the efficacy of raw materials after fermentation. While analyzing the visualization graph, more importance is attached to fermentation strains, especially Saccharomyces cerevisiae for producing some relative cosmetic raw materials. In addition, other parts like fermentation production and product efficacy are mentioned to review the past-five-year achievements. Moreover, the development of future fermentation cosmetics is prospected in this paper. In the near future, fermented cosmetics raw materials will be used more and more frequently. With characteristics and advantages, green, eco-friendly and easy-to-obtain, fermentation cosmetics will eventually be developed during future researches. 数据和表 | 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

专论与综述

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疏水缔合聚合物高效溶解方法研究进展 Advancements in the efficient dissolution methods of hydrophobically associating polymers 邓绍林, 周鹏飞, 朱玉龙 2024 (4):  449-456.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2024.04.011 摘要 ( 61 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF(1241KB) ( 51 )   疏水缔合聚合物在提高采收率领域中展现出巨大应用潜力，但其疏水基团结构特征使溶解性成为关注焦点。综述了近年来疏水缔合聚合物高效溶解的研究进展，分析了面临的挑战及未来的发展方向。重点介绍了添加化学试剂屏蔽疏水基团的缔合作用，采用筛网切割和胶体研磨等方式增加水与聚合物颗粒的接触面积，以及通过改变聚合物自身溶解性、提高溶液质量浓度或温度、优化搅拌器类型及搅拌方式以增大体系熵变等方法加速疏水缔合聚合物的溶解。化学方法虽然能够快速溶解疏水缔合聚合物且不损害其性能，但其使用成本和环境影响仍需考量。而物理方法尽管经济有效，但可能导致溶液的机械降解和热降解，进而影响增黏性能和驱油效果，同时还需要解决机械设备的运输、能耗以及空间限制问题。因此，研发新型环保溶剂和优化工艺设备对于实现疏水缔合聚合物高效溶解具有重要意义。此外，综合考虑多种高效溶解方法的协同作用，依据实际应用情况进行调整，以期扩大疏水缔合聚合物的规模应用。 Hydroobically associating polymers demonstrate significant potential in enhancing oil recovery, yet their hydrophobic group structure has brought dissolution characteristics to the forefront of research. This review encapsulates recent advancements in the efficient dissolution of hydrophobically associating polymers, and analyzes the challenges encountered and future directions. It highlights strategies such as employing chemical agents to mask the associative effects of hydrophobic groups, using methods like screen cutting and colloidal milling to increase contact area between water and polymer particles, and accelerating polymer dissolution through altering intrinsic solubility, increasing solution mass concentration or temperature, and optimizing mixer types and agitation methods to enhance system entropy change. While chemical approaches enable rapid dissolution without compromising polymer performance, considerations regarding cost and environmental impact remain. Physical methods, though economically efficient, may lead to risk mechanical and thermal degradation of the solution, potentially diminishing viscosity enhancement performance and oil displacement efficiency. These methods also face challenges in equipment transportation, energy consumption, and spatial constraints. Therefore, developing new eco-friendly solvents and optimizing process equipment are critical for achieving efficient dissolution of hydrophobically associating polymers. Moreover, considering the synergistic effect of various efficient dissolution methods, adjustments will be made according to practical application scenarios, in order to expand the large-scale application of hydrophobically associating polymers in diverse fields. 数据和表 | 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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驱油用表面活性剂及其吸附特性的研究进展 Recent advances of surfactants and their adsorption characteristics in oil recovery 刘子龙, 黑艳晓, 石迪, 肖宇飞, 李雪 2024 (4):  457-466.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2024.04.012 摘要 ( 67 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF(1369KB) ( 59 )   提高原油采收率是实现我国能源稳产增产的重要保障，其中以表面活性剂为主剂的化学驱油技术是一种潜力巨大的提高采收率方法。从驱油用表面活性剂的分类出发，详细介绍了不同种类表面活性剂的物化特征及其驱油特性的优缺点，主要包括广泛使用的阴离子、两性和非离子表面活性剂以及新兴的双子表面活性剂等。随着石油行业需求的不断变化，低成本、高效能、绿色的新型表面活性剂已成为未来发展的主要趋势。在驱油过程中表面活性剂的吸附损耗使得溶液中表面活性剂的有效浓度下降，导致驱油效率大大降低。因此，进一步重点综述了驱油用表面活性剂固液界面吸附特性的研究进展，其中吸附等温线模型主要用于评价恒温条件下表面活性剂在固液界面上的吸附量与吸附平衡后表面活性剂浓度的关系，而吸附动力学模型可用于评估吸附速率与时间的关系，揭示表面活性剂吸附的深层机制。为了更佳全面准确地描述表面活性剂吸附特性，有必要联合使用多种吸附模型，也需要发展新型的模型。 Enhanced oil recovery is an important guarantee for increasing energy production in China. Chemical flooding based on surfactants is an important method to enhance oil recovery. The classification of surfactants used in oil displacement were introduced. The physicochemical characteristics of surfactants and their advantages and disadvantages in oil displacement were also introduced in detail, including the widely used anionic, zwitterionic and nonionic surfactants and the rarely used Gemini surfactants. As the demand of oil industry is changing, synthesis of green surfactants with low cost and high efficiency has become the main trend of future development. During the process of oil displacement, the adsorption of surfactants will reduce the effective concentration of surfactants in solution, resulting in the significant decrease of oil displacement efficiency. Therefore, herein, the research progress of adsorption properties of surfactants used in oil displacement at solid-liquid interface was also reviewed. The adsorption isotherm models are mainly used to describe the relationship between the amount adsorbed at solid-liquid interface and the surfactant concentration after equilibrium at constant temperature. The adsorption kinetic models can be used to evaluate the relationship between adsorption rate and time, revealing the mechanism of adsorption. To describe the adsorption properties of surfactants more comprehensively and accurately, it is necessary to develop new adsorption models and use multiple models in combination. 数据和表 | 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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二硫化硒的制备及其在洗护领域的应用研究进展 Research progress on the preparation of selenium disulfide and its application in the field of toiletries 王诗琼, 刘晓纯, 蓝云萍, 孔祥灵, 陈来成, 何秋星 2024 (4):  467-476.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2024.04.013 摘要 ( 105 )   HTML ( 16 )   PDF(1303KB) ( 98 )   二硫化硒是硫化硒（SemSn）混合物的统称，具有多元环结构，不同环结构之间可相互转化。二硫化硒常用熔融法、化学法合成，而纳米二硫化硒常用电化学法和绿色合成法制备，其常用的表征方法有X射线衍射分析（XRD）、扫描电镜（SEM）、透射电镜（TEM）、X射线能量光谱仪（EDS）、动态光散射（DLS）和傅里叶红外光谱（FT-IR）。二硫化硒属于细胞生长抑制剂和角质溶解剂，具有抗皮脂溢出、抗真菌及细菌的作用，能抑制核分裂，造成表皮细胞更替减少，起到止痒、消炎、减少脱屑的作用，常用于治疗脂溢性皮炎和花斑藓。硫和硒都是具有多种原子价位的元素，既可表现还原性，又可表现氧化性，其潜能让二硫化硒的分子结构、性能特点及应用开发成为研究热点。本文综述了二硫化硒性质、结构特点、制备方法、表征及其在洗护领域的应用，并对其未来发展趋势进行了展望。 Selenium disulfide is a generic term for mixtures of SemSn with a polycyclic ring structure, which has different ring structures interconverting with each other in the molten and solution states. Selenium disulfide is commonly synthesized by fusion and chemical methods, while nanosized selenium disulfide is commonly synthesized by electrochemical and green synthesis methods. Its commonly used characterization methods are X-ray diffraction analysis （XRD）, Scanning electron microscope （SEM）, Transmission electron microscope （TEM）, X-ray energy spectrometry （EDS）, Dynamic light scattering （DLS） and Fourier transform infrared spectrometer （FT-IR）. Selenium disulfide is a cell growth inhibitor and a keratolytic agent, with anti-seborrhea, anti-fungal and anti-bacterial effects, which can inhibits nuclear division, resulting in reduced epidermal cell turnover. It is commonly used in the treatment of seborrheic dermatitis and lichen planus because of its antipruritic, anti-inflammatory and anti-dandruff properties. Sulfur and selenium are both elements with multiple atomic valences that can exhibit both reducing and oxidizing properties. Their potential has made the molecular structure, performance characteristics and application development of selenium disulfide a research hotspot. This paper reviews the selenium disulfide properties, structural features, preparation methods, characterization and applications, and gives an outlook on its future development trend. 数据和表 | 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

分析与检测

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高效液相色谱法测定洗发护发产品中18种防腐剂和去屑剂 Determination of 18 preservatives and anti-dandruff agents in shampoo and hair care products by HPLC 祝壮飞, 徐勤科, 刘婷媛, 孙莺, 雷虹 2024 (4):  477-483.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2024.04.014 摘要 ( 95 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF(1131KB) ( 73 )   建立高效液相色谱法（HPLC）同时测定不同基质化妆品中18种防腐剂和去屑剂组分的含量，并对50批市售洗发护发类化妆品进行质量分析。不同基质样品经前处理提取后，采用HPLC法分析，外标法定量。选取C18色谱柱（4.6 mm×250 mm，5 μm），甲醇和磷酸二氢钠水溶液（pH调节至3.8）作为流动相，进行梯度洗脱，流速为1.0 mL/min，柱温30 ℃，选取二极管阵列检测器多波长分析。18种组分在色谱图中分离度良好，峰面积与质量浓度在0.4~600 μg/mL范围内呈良好的线性关系（r>0.998 3），检出浓度在0.4~10 mg/kg之间。多种组分平均回收率（n=6）为83.1%~110.4%，RSD为0.12%~7.6%，回收率良好；多种组分在24 h内保持稳定，RSD在0.15%~3.8%之间，稳定性良好。50批样品中检出9种成分，吡硫鎓锌、吡罗克酮乙醇胺盐、对氯间甲酚、氯咪巴唑、三氯生、水杨酸的含量分别为2 100~6 800，39~2 900，130~370，24~1 600，0.14~0.19，28~1 900 mg/kg。苄氯酚、邻氨基苯酚、邻伞花烃-5-醇的含量检出但是含量小于定量限，无法准确定量。该方法经方法学验证，可同时测定化妆品中18种防腐剂和去屑剂组分的含量。 A high performance liquid chromatography （HPLC） method for simultaneous determination of 18 preservatives and anti-dandruff components in cosmetics of different bases was established, and the quality of 50 batches of commercially available shampoo and hair care cosmetics was analyzed. After the extraction of samples of different bases, the samples were analyzed by HPLC and quantified by external standard method. A C18 column （4.6 mm×250 mm, 5 μm） was used and an aqueous mixture of methanol and sodium dihydrogen phosphate （pH adjusted to 3.8） was selected as mobile phase for gradient elution. The flow rate was 1.0 mL/min. The column temperature was 30 ℃. The chromatographic separation of the 18 components was good. The linearity between peak area and mass concentration was good （r>0.998 3） in the range of 0.4-600 μg/mL, and the detection limit was 0.4-10 mg/kg. The average recoveries （n=6） were 83.1%-110.4%, the RSDs were 0.12%-7.6%, and the recoveries were good. These components remained stable within 24 h with RSDs ranging from 0.15% to 3.8%, indicative of good stability. Nine components were detected in 50 batches of samples, including pyrithione zinc, piroctone olamine, p-chloro-m-cresol, climbazole, triclosan and salicylic acid, whose content was 2 100-6 800, 39-2 900, 130-370, 24-1 600, 0.14-0.19, 28-1 900 mg/kg, respectively. Benzyl chlorophenol, o-aminophenol and o-cymen-5-ol were detected, but their content was less than the limit of quantitation and thus could not be accurately quantified. Therefore, this method could be used to simultaneously determine the 18 antiseptic and anti-dandruff components in cosmetics. 数据和表 | 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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高效液相色谱法同时测定化妆品中24种美白成分 Simultaneous determination of 24 whitening components in cosmetics by high performance liquid chromatography 陶薇, 李翔 2024 (4):  484-489.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2024.04.015 摘要 ( 75 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF(1224KB) ( 45 )   建立高效液相色谱法（HPLC）同时测定化妆品中24种美白成分。使用甲醇-磷酸二氢钾溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱，色谱柱为SHISEIDO MGⅡ C18柱（5 μm，4.6 mm×250 mm），柱温35 ℃，流速为1.0 mL/min，烟酸、熊果苷、烟酰胺、红景天苷、覆盆子酮葡糖苷、阿魏酸、芍药苷、甘草苷、白藜芦醇、甘草素、丹皮酚、4-正丁基间苯二酚、4-（α-甲基苯甲基）间苯二酚、汉黄芩素、二甲氧基甲苯基-4-苯基间苯二酚、4-己基间苯二酚、光甘草定、四氢厚朴酚18种物质的检测波长为230 nm，维生素C磷酸酯镁、抗坏血酸葡糖苷、曲酸、3-O-乙基抗坏血酸、4-甲氧基水杨酸钾、甘草酸二钾盐6种物质的检测波长为250 nm。方法学研究结果表明，24种美白功效成分在0.3~608.0 µg/mL范围内线性关系良好，线性相关系数均大于0.999，方法检出限为8.1~438.4 μg/g，定量限为60.4~1 461.4 μg/g，平均回收率为87.34%~103.78%，相对标准偏差（RSD）值为0.16%~4.35%。该方法简便、准确，可用于化妆品中美白类功效成分的含量测定。 The study aimed to establish a high performance liquid chromatography （HPLC） method for simultaneous determination of 24 kinds of whitening ingredient in cosmetics. The mobile phase was methanol and monopotassium phosphate solution with gradient elution, the chromatographic column was SHISEIDO MGⅡ C18 column （5 μm, 4.6 mm×250 mm）, the temperature of the column was set at 25 ℃ with a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min, and the detection wavelengths were 230 nm and 250 nm. The results show that the linear correlation of 24 whitening active ingredients is good in the range of 0.3-608.0 μg/mL, and the linear relationships are all higher than 0.999. The limits of detection are 8.1-438.4 μg/g, the limits of quantitation are 60.4-1 461.4 μg/g and the average recoveries are 87.34%-103.78%, with RSD of 0.16%-4.35%. The method is simple, reliable and can be used for the determination of whitening components in cosmetics. 数据和表 | 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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高效液相色谱法用于氧化型染发产品中42种限用染发剂的筛查和定量分析 Qualitative screening and quantitative analysis of 42 restricted hair dyes in oxidative hair color products by high performance liquid chromatography 左雪, 邸铮, 汪亚菁, 杨玲, 张华珺, 柳青 2024 (4):  490-498.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2024.04.016 摘要 ( 63 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF(1211KB) ( 39 )   建立了一种利用高效液相色谱筛查和定量分析氧化型染发产品中42种限用染发剂的方法。染发产品经亚硫酸氢钠水溶液-乙醇超声提取后，以0.02 mol/L乙酸铵水溶液-乙腈为流动相，在TechMate AQUA-STIII色谱柱上进行梯度洗脱和分离，选择235和280 nm作为检测波长，对42种染发剂进行一次性定性筛查，同时实现其中35种染发剂的定量分析，当筛查结果表明产品中含有2,6-二甲氧基-3,5-吡啶二胺盐酸盐、2-甲基-5-羟乙氨基苯酚等7种染发剂时，以0.02 mol/L乙酸铵水溶液-乙腈为流动相，在Waters Symmetry C18色谱柱上进行等度洗脱，选择235 nm作为检测波长进行定量分析。结果表明：42种染发剂的方法检出限为10~101 µg/g，定量限为33~337 µg/g。在相应的线性范围内，42种染发剂色谱峰面积与质量浓度线性关系良好，相关系数（r）均大于0.999 8。在4个不同含量水平下，各目标化合物的平均回收率在81.3%~119.6%之间，RSD不大于5%。 A method for qualitative screening and quantitative analysis of 42 restricted hair dyes in oxidative hair color products by high performance liquid chromatography （HPLC） was established. The sample was ultrasonically extracted in mixed solvent of aqueous sodium bisulfite solution and ethanol. Firstly, the liquid chromatography condition for qualitative screening of 42 dyes and for quantitative analysis of 35 of them was established, which was as follows: The mobile phase was the mixed solvent of aqueous solution of 0.02 mol/L ammonium acetate and acetonitrile; gradient elution was carried out on a TechMate AQUA-STIII column; the detection wavelengths were 235 nm and 280 nm. If the other seven dyes including 2,6-dimethoxy-3,5-pyridinediamine·HCl, 2-methyl-5-hydroxyethylaminophenol, 3-nitro-p-hydroxyethylaminophenol, pyrazolone methyl pyrazolone, hydroxypropyl bis（N-hydroxyethyl-p-phenylenediamine）·HCl, 4-chlororesorcinol and 6-hydroxyindole were detected in the products, another liquid chromatography condition was required for their quantitative analysis, which was as follows: The mobile phase was the mixed solvent of aqueous solution of 0.02 mol/L ammonium acetate and acetonitrile; isocratic elution was carried out on a Waters Symmetry C18 column; the detection wavelength was 235 nm. The results showed that the limits of detection （LODs） of the 42 dyes were from 10 µg/g to 101 µg/g, while the limits of quantification （LOQs） were from 33 µg/g to 337 µg/g. The 42 dyes all had good linearities in their respective range, with correlation coefficients （r） higher than 0.999 8. The average spiked recoveries of 42 dyes at four levels were from 81.3% to 119.6%, with RSDs no more than 5%. 数据和表 | 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标