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日用化学工业（中英文）

日用化学工业（中英文） ›› 2026, Vol. 56 ›› Issue (8): 1062-1082.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2026.08.011

• 专论与综述 • 上一篇    下一篇

鄂尔多斯盆地下古碳酸盐岩气藏堵塞机理及解堵技术研究

柳康1,于九政2,牛国鹏3,吴春生2,刘笑春2,燕永利1,*()   

  1. 1 西安石油大学 化学化工学院， 陕西 西安 710065
    2 中国石油长庆油田分公司油气工艺研究院， 陕西 西安 710021
    3 中国石油长庆油田分公司第十一采油厂， 甘肃 庆阳 756599
  • 收稿日期:2025-12-12 修回日期:2026-07-30 出版日期:2026-08-22 发布日期:2026-09-02
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金资助项目(22272126);国家自然科学基金资助项目(21773183)

Blockage mechanisms and de-blockage technologies for the Lower Paleozoic carbonate gas reservoirs in the Ordos Basin

Kang Liu1,Jiuzheng Yu2,Guopeng Niu3,Chunsheng Wu2,Xiaochun Liu2,Yongli Yan1,*()   

  1. 1 College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Xi’an Shiyou University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710065, China
    2 Oil & Gas Technology Research Institute, PetroChina Changqing Oilfield Company, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710021, China
    3 The 11th Oil Production Plant, PetroChina Changqing Oilfield Company, Qingyang, Gansu 756599, China
  • Received:2025-12-12 Revised:2026-07-30 Online:2026-08-22 Published:2026-09-02
  • Contact: *E-mail: yylhill@163.com.

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摘要：

鄂尔多斯盆地下古碳酸盐岩气藏分布广、资源潜力大，但该类气藏孔喉细小、非均质性强且多呈强水湿特征，长期开发过程中井筒与近井带易发生堵塞与积液，表现为产量递减与频繁停产关井，严重制约后期开发效益。因此，面向堵塞的机理识别与解堵工艺优化已成为保障致密碳酸盐岩气井稳产的关键环节。文章基于靖边、苏里格等区块的现场诊断，综合岩心岩屑分析、物性与润湿性测试，系统总结堵塞物组成特征及其耦合演化机理。已有研究普遍认为，堵塞多呈复合特征，主导因素为无机结垢，有机沉积居次要地位，水锁在致密强水湿孔喉系统中高发并常起到强化与稳定堵塞的作用。围绕复合堵塞治理，文章综述了分段缓速酸体系、酸碱复合体系、泡沫辅助返排等化学解堵技术，结合连续油管喷射等物理解堵手段，纳米润湿调控、CO2泡排等新型工艺在深层水锁与微孔聚结段表现出良好适应性。最后，对未来解堵技术研究的发展方向提出了展望，以期提升成熟气田后期治理的工程指导价值。

关键词: 下古碳酸盐岩气藏, 气井堵塞, 堵塞机理, 水锁损害, 解堵技术

Abstract:

The Lower Paleozoic carbonate gas reservoirs in the Ordos Basin are widely distributed and possess significant resource potential. However, these reservoirs commonly exhibit ultra-tight pore throat systems, strong heterogeneity, and pronounced water-wet characteristics. During the long-term production, wellbores and near-wellbore zones are prone to blockage and liquid accumulation, manifesting as production decline and frequent shutdowns, which severely constrain later development efficiency. Therefore, the mechanism identification for blockage and optimization of de-blockage processes are therefore critical steps for maintaining deliverability in tight carbonate gas wells. Based on field diagnoses in blocks such as Jingbian and Surig, this study systematically summarizes the composition characteristics of blockage materials and their coupled evolution mechanisms through integrated core and cuttings analysis, physical property and wettability tests. Existing research generally agrees that blockage often exhibits composite characteristics, with inorganic scaling as the dominant factor, while organic deposition plays a secondary role. Water blocking frequently occurs in tight strongly water-wet pore-throat systems and often enhances and stabilizes blockage. Focusing on the composite blockage remediation, this article reviews the chemical de-blockage technologies such as staged slow-rate acid systems, acid-base composite systems, and foam-assisted rehydration, combined with physical de-blockage methods like coiled tubing jetting. Novel techniques such as nano-wettability regulation and CO2 foam rehydration demonstrate good adaptability in deep water blocking and micropore coalescence sections. Finally, the future research directions for de-blockage technology are proposed to enhance the engineering guidance value for mature gas field remediation.

Key words: Lower Paleozoic carbonate gas reservoirs, gas-well blockage, blockage mechanisms, water-lock damage, blockage technologies

中图分类号: 

  • TE357