光甘草定的美白作用及其机制

doi:10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2026.05.010

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 本研究旨在揭示光甘草定（glabridin，GLA）的美白作用及其机制。以紫外线B（UVB）诱导的皮肤光老化（SP）小鼠为动物模型。将小鼠随机分配至6个处理组（n=12），分别为对照组（C组）、UVB组、低、中、高剂量光甘草定组（L、M、H-GLA）、高剂量光甘草定+核因子E2相关因子2（Nrf2）抑制剂ML385组（H-GLA+ML385）。C组常规饲养且不接受UVB辐照，其余各组均接受UVB辐照处理。各组于紫外线暴露前1 h进行经皮给药。每天给药1次，共给药8周。采用苏木素伊红（HE）染色与Masson三色染色进行皮肤组织形态学分析。采用NaOH溶解法测定黑色素含量。ELISA法检测酪氨酸酶活性。使用商业试剂盒分别测定超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）和丙二醛（MDA）含量。通过二氢乙锭（DHE）染色进行活性氧（ROS）检测。使用ELISA法检测皮肤组织白介素（IL） -6、肿瘤坏死因子-α （TNF-α）和IL-1β水平。RT-qPCT检测I型胶原α1链（COL1A1）、基质金属蛋白酶-1 （MMP-1）、酪氨酸酶相关蛋白（TRP） -1、TRP-2、血红素加氧酶-1 （HO-1）和NAD （P） H：醌氧化还原酶-1 （NQO-1） mRNA水平。Western blot检测皮肤α-MSH、Nrf2 （细胞核）和Keap1蛋白表达。结果显示，与UVB组比较，3个剂量的光甘草定（L、M和H-GLA组）减轻了UVB诱导的皮肤光老化小鼠皮肤损伤和胶原变性，降低了MMP-1 mRNA水平，升高了COL1A1 mRNA水平，降低了皮肤黑色素含量、酪氨酸酶活性、TRP-1和TRP-2 mRNA相对水平、α-MSH蛋白相对表达量，升高了皮肤SOD、CAT和GSH-Px活性，降低了MDA含量和ROS相对荧光强度，降低了皮肤IL-6、TNF-α和IL-1β含量，升高了Nrf2（细胞核）蛋白表达量、HO-1和NQO-1 mRNA相对表达量，降低了Keap1蛋白相对水平（P<0.05）。然而，Nrf2抑制剂ML385减弱了光甘草定的上述影响（P<0.05）。结果表明，光甘草定通过激活Nrf2减轻UVB诱导的皮肤光老化小鼠皮肤损伤和胶原变性，抑制黑色素生成，减轻氧化应激和炎症。

关键词: 光甘草定, 美白, 皮肤光老化, 黑色素生成, 氧化应激, 炎症

Abstract:

This study aimed to investigate the whitening effect of glabridin （GLA） and its mechanism. A mouse model of ultraviolet B （UVB） -induced skin photoaging （SP） mice was used. The mice were randomly assigned to 6 treatment groups （n=12）, which were control group （C group）, UVB group, low, medium and high dose glabridin group （L, M, H-GLA）, and high dose glabridin + nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 （Nrf2） inhibitor ML385 group （H-GLA+ML385）. Group C was conventionally fed without UVB irradiation, while the other groups were subjected to UVB irradiation. Each group received percutaneous administration 1 h before UV exposure once daily for 8 weeks. The skin was analyzed by hematoxylin and eosin （HE） staining and Masson’s trichrome staining. Melanin content was determined by the NaOH dissolution method. Tyrosinase activity was detected by ELISA. The activities of superoxide dismutase （SOD）, catalase （CAT）, and glutathione peroxidase （GSH-Px） and the content of malondialdehyde （MDA） were determined using commercial kits. Reactive oxygen species （ROS） were detected by dihydroethidium （DHE） staining. The levels of interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α） and IL-1β in skin tissue were detected by ELISA. mRNA levels of type I collagen α1 chain （COL1A1）, matrix metalloproteinase-1 （MMP-1）, tyrosinase-associated protein （TRP） -1, TRP-2, heme oxygenase-1 （HO-1） and NAD （P） H: quinone oxidoreductase-1 （NQO-1） were detected by RT-qPCT. Western blot was used to analyze protein expression of α-MSH, Nrf2 （nuclear） and Keap1 in the skin. The results show that compared with the UVB group, the three doses of glabridin （L, M and H-GLA groups） alleviate UVB-induced skin damage and collagen degeneration in the skin photoaging mice, decrease the level of MMP-1 mRNA and increase the level of COL1A1 mRNA. decrease skin melanin content, tyrosinase activity, the levels of TRP-1 and TRP-2 mRNA, the relative expression level of α-MSH protein, increase the skin SOD, CAT and GSH-Px activities, decrease MDA content and ROS relative fluorescence intensity, and decrease skin IL-6, TNF-α and IL-1β contents, increase the expression level of Nrf2 （nuclear） protein, and HO-1 and NQO-1 mRNA, and decrease the relative expression level of Keap1 protein （P<0.05）. However, the Nrf2 inhibitor ML385 attenuates the above effects of glabridin （P<0.05）. These results indicate that glabridin alleviates UVB-induced skin damage and collagen degeneration, inhibits melanin production, and reduces oxidative stress and inflammation in mice with skin photoaging by activating Nrf2.

Key words: glabridin, skin whitening, skin photoaging, melanin production, oxidative stress, inflammation

中图分类号:

TQ658

梁君, 石晓明. 光甘草定的美白作用及其机制[J]. 日用化学工业（中英文）, 2026, 56(5): 635-643.

Jun Liang, Xiaoming Shi. Whitening effect of glabridin and its mechanism[J]. China Surfactant Detergent & Cosmetics, 2026, 56(5): 635-643.

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基因	序列（5'-3'）
I型胶原α1链（COL1A1）	F: 5′-GCACGAGTCACACCGGAACT-3′
I型胶原α1链（COL1A1）	R: 5′-AAGGGAGCCACATCGATGAT-3′
基质金属蛋白酶-1 （MMP-1）	F: 5′-TTGCCCAGAGAAAAGCTTCAG-3′
基质金属蛋白酶-1 （MMP-1）	R: 5′-TAGCAGCCCAGAGAAGCAACA-3′
酪氨酸酶相关蛋白（TRP） -1	F: 5′-GCTGCGTTGTTACTTGTA-3′
酪氨酸酶相关蛋白（TRP） -1	R: 5′-CTTCATTCTTGGTGCTTCT-3′
TRP-2	F: 5′-TACAATTACGCCGTTGAT-3′
TRP-2	R: 5′-GATTCCAATGACCACTGA-3′
血红素加氧酶-1 （HO-1）	F: 5′-CAAGCCGAGAATGCTGAGTTCATG-3′
血红素加氧酶-1 （HO-1）	R: 5′-GCAAGGGATGATTTCCTGCCAG-3′
NAD （P） H：醌氧化还原酶 -1 （NQO-1）	F: 5′-AGGATGGGAGGTACTCGAATC-3′
NAD （P） H：醌氧化还原酶 -1 （NQO-1）	R: 5′-TGCTAGAGATGACTCGGAAGG-3′
β-actin	F: 5′-TATGGAATCCTGTGGCATC-3′
β-actin	R: 5′-GTGTTGGCATAGAGGTCTT-3′

组别	COL1A1 mRNA相对水平	MMP-1 mRNA相对水平
C	1.00±0.06	1.00±0.07
UVB	0.20±0.02^*	7.92±1.15^*
L-GLA	0.40±0.07^*#	5.07±0.75^*#
M-GLA	0.55±0.06^*#	2.76±0.34^*#
H-GLA	0.80±0.09^*#	1.86±0.26^*#
H-GLA+ML385	0.40±0.07^*#&	5.04±0.79^*#&
F值	244.913	175.106
P值	<0.001	<0.001

组别	黑色素含量/（mg/g）	酪氨酸酶活性/（U/ （mg prot））	TRP-1 mRNA相对表达量	TRP-2 mRNA相对表达量
C	6.14±0.42	2.04±0.21	1.00±0.06	1.00±0.05
UVB	10.94±1.24^*	6.62±0.52^*	5.28±0.58^*	6.04±0.69^*
L-GLA	8.79±0.99^*#	5.05±0.54^*#	3.40±0.31^*#	4.08±0.27^*#
M-GLA	7.79±0.81^*#	3.99±0.58^*#	2.46±0.22^*#	2.95±0.34^*#
H-GLA	6.87±0.63^*#	2.99±0.24^*#	1.52±0.13^*#	1.99±0.11^*#
H-GLA+ML385	8.89±0.96^*#&	5.13±0.59^*#&	3.43±0.28^*#&	4.20±0.32^*#&
F值	44.525	144.383	296.909	293.647
P值	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001

组别	SOD含量/（U/（mg prot））	CAT含量/（U/（mg prot））	GSH-Px含量/（U/（mg prot））	MDA含量/（nmol/（mg prot））
C	3.69±0.46	4.41±0.38	142.85±17.58	1.30±0.18
UVB	2.07±0.36^*	1.45±0.09^*	93.42±10.18^*	3.61±0.49^*
L-GLA	2.72±0.40^*#	2.29±0.18^*#	124.38±11.66^*#	2.97±0.35^*#
M-GLA	2.98±0.37^*#	2.83±0.47^*#	128.97±22.67^*#	2.31±0.21^*#
H-GLA	3.47±0.49^*#	3.45±0.37^*#	136.72±12.94^*#	1.80±0.26^*#
H-GLA+ML385	2.73±0.40^*#&	2.35±0.20^*#&	122.21±13.23^*#&	2.94±0.39^*#&
F值	23.488	131.393	15.139	77.853
P值	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001

组别	IL-6含量 / （pg / （mg prot））	TNF-α含量 / （pg / （mg prot））	IL-1β含量 / （pg / （mg prot））
C	9.79±1.06	14.67±1.34	5.14±0.45
UVB	32.84±1.33^*	53.84±2.63^*	31.89±3.43^*
L-GLA	23.10±2.11^*#	38.74±1.60^*#	22.46±2.24^*#
M-GLA	19.13±1.41^*#	30.01±1.65^*#	15.56±1.06^*#
H-GLA	14.49±1.16^*#	20.07±2.28^*#	8.88±0.38^*#
H-GLA+ML385	24.13±1.91^*#&	37.69±3.57^*#&	21.30±1.80^*#&
F值	326.027	450.754	319.287
P值	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001