表面活性剂在金属加工液中的应用

doi:10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2026.10.001

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

金属加工液是金属加工行业中的关键配套材料和消耗品，表面活性剂决定加工液稳定性、润湿冷却、清洗排屑、润滑防锈和寿命。文章综述了表面活性剂在金属加工液领域的应用，通过介绍金属加工液及表面活性剂的概念，重点分析表面活性剂的类型及其在金属加工液中的作用机制，并深入探讨了表面活性剂在金属加工液配制、加工与应用中的作用，及其在乳化稳定、工件润湿、表面清洗、临时防锈、微生物控制和极压润滑等环节的作用规律与配伍策略。同时，文章还关注了表面活性剂领域的前沿技术进展，包括新型绿色表面活性剂的开发、纳米辅助复配技术等，并对其安全性评价体系、环保管理要求及未来发展方向进行了系统探讨。文章旨在为金属加工液配方优化设计及表面活性剂的科学应用提供理论依据与实践参考。

关键词: 表面活性剂, 金属加工液, 乳化, 润湿, 切削液

Abstract:

Metalworking fluids are key ancillary materials and consumables in the metalworking industry, and surfactants determine their stability, wetting and cooling performance, cleaning and chip evacuation, lubrication and rust prevention, and service life. The paper reviews the application of surfactants in the field of metalworking fluids. By introducing the concepts of metalworking fluids and surfactants, it focuses on analyzing the types of surfactants and their mechanisms of action in metalworking fluids. It further explores the roles of surfactants in the formulation, machining, and application of metalworking fluids. It also examines their action patterns and compatibility strategies in processes such as emulsification stability, workpiece wetting, surface cleaning, temporary rust prevention, microbial control, and extreme-pressure lubrication. In addition, the paper also addresses frontier technological advances in the field of surfactants, including the development of new green surfactants and nano-assisted compounding technologies, and systematically discusses their safety evaluation systems, environmental management requirements, and future development directions. The paper aims to provide a theoretical basis and practical reference for the optimal formulation design of metalworking fluids and the scientific application of surfactants.

Key words: surfactant, metalworking fluids, emulsification, wetting, cutting fluids

中图分类号:

TQ423

杨许召, 张盈盈, 裴壮壮, 汪会宝, 李亚坤, 张建强, 刘聪, 张瑞雪, 李莹, 蒋世隆, 张加祥. 表面活性剂在金属加工液中的应用[J]. 日用化学工业（中英文）, 2026, 56(10): 1287-1296.

Xuzhao Yang, Yingying Zhang, Zhuangzhuang Pei, Huibao Wang, Yakun Li, Jianqiang Zhang, Cong Liu, Ruixue Zhang, Ying Li, Shilong Jiang, Jiaxiang Zhang. Application of surfactants in metalworking fluids[J]. China Surfactant Detergent & Cosmetics, 2026, 56(10): 1287-1296.

图/表 5

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