欢迎访问《日用化学工业(中英文)》,今天是

日用化学工业(中英文) ›› 2026, Vol. 56 ›› Issue (7): 952-959.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2026.07.014

• 专论与综述 • 上一篇    下一篇

表面活性剂在可溶性钾盐浮选中的应用研究进展

赵文立1,3,4,丰宇欣1,唐江凌1,任红伟2,杨静1,3,4,*(),贾原媛1,3,4,王彦飞1,3,4,*()   

  1. 1 天津科技大学 化工与材料学院天津 300457
    2 青海盐湖工业股份有限公司青海 格尔木 816099
    3 天津市卤水化工与资源生态化利用重点实验室天津 300457
    4 天津市海洋化工技术工程中心天津 300457
  • 修回日期:2026-06-29 出版日期:2026-07-22 发布日期:2026-08-06
  • 基金资助:
    国家发改委重大专项(2206-632801-07-02-791735)

Research progress of the application of surfactants in flotation of soluble potassium salts

Wenli Zhao1,3,4,Yuxin Feng1,Jiangling Tang1,Hongwei Ren2,Jing Yang1,3,4,*(),Yuanyuan Jia1,3,4,Yanfei Wang1,3,4,*()   

  1. 1 College of Chemical Engineering and Materials, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
    2 Qing Hai Salt Lake Industry Co., Ltd., Golmud, Qinghai 816099, China
    3 Tianjin Key Laboratory of Brine Chemical Industry and Ecological Utilization of Resources, Tianjin 300457, China
    4 Tianjin Marine Chemical Engineering Center, Tianjin 300457, China
  • Revised:2026-06-29 Online:2026-07-22 Published:2026-08-06
  • Contact: *E-mail: yang_J@tust.edu.cn(Jing Yang); wangyanfei@tust.edu.cn(Yanfei Wang).

摘要:

全球钾盐资源日益贫化,浮选药剂的创新成为提升可溶性钾盐回收率与品位的关键。本文聚焦于国内氯化钾生产的反浮选-冷结晶、冷分解-正浮选工艺以及硫酸钾生产的软钾镁矾转化法工艺中的浮选技术应用现状,系统梳理了表面活性剂作为捕收剂、起泡剂和调整剂三类浮选药剂的优劣特点和控制条件,探讨了矿泥不溶物、矿浆pH、离子特异性、温度和浮选药剂种类与添加量对浮选的影响规律及机理。在理论层面上,综合了溶解热、胶体沉淀、表面电荷与界面水结构4种经典理论,分析了钾盐浮选过程中捕收剂与矿物作用机制,强调了在离子特异性影响下的微观界面反应对宏观浮选选择性的决定性作用。通过综述近年来钾盐浮选技术的机理研究与应用,旨在为钾盐浮选工艺优化及低温、耐盐型表面活性剂分子设计提供可扩展的理论框架与数据参考。

关键词: 表面活性剂, 可溶性钾盐, 浮选, 氯化钾, 硫酸钾

Abstract:

With the increasing depletion of global potassium resources, the innovation of flotation reagents has become more and more crucial for enhancing the recovery and grade of soluble potassium salts. In this review, the current application of flotation technologies in production processes of potassium chloride was focused on, including “reverse-flotation-cold-crystallization” and “cold-decomposition-direct-flotation”, as well as those flotation technologiesused in the conversion process of picromeriteforpotassium sulfate production. The advantages and disadvantages of surfactants used as collectors, frothers, and modifiers, as well as their control conditions, were systematically summarized. The impacts and mechanisms of insoluble sludge, slurry pH, ion specificity, temperature, and the type and dosage of flotation reagents on flotation were discussed. At the theoretical level, four classical theories were reviewed, including dissolution heat, colloid precipitation, surface charge, and interfacial water structure, which could be used to analyze the interaction mechanisms between collectors and minerals during flotation. The decisive role of microscopic interface reactions under the influencesof ionspecificity on macroscopic flotation selectivity was emphasized. This review aimed to provide an extensible theoretical framework and data reference for the optimization of flotation processes of potassium saltsand the molecular design of low-temperature, salt-tolerant surfactants.

Key words: surfactant, soluble potassium salt, flotation, potassium chloride, potassium sulfate

中图分类号: 

  • TQ423