稀释微乳液原位降黏与润湿性调控驱油机理研究

doi:10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2025.09.002

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为克服微乳液成本高制约现场应用的问题，本研究提出将单相微乳液稀释构建稀释微乳液体系，并以新疆CF油田稠油为对象，探究溶剂正十四烷（n-C₁₄）与阳离子表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵（CTAB）、阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠（SDS）、非离子表面活性剂辛基酚聚氧乙烯醚（OP-10）的协同提高采收率机制。通过相图滴定确定了活性物质与溶剂质量比为8∶2的稳定单相微乳液配方，将其稀释至表面活性剂质量分数为0.25%形成稀释微乳液体系。性能表征显示，该体系胶束尺寸为纳米级且体系较为稳定。机理研究表明：1）稀释微乳液可显著降低油水界面张力，削弱毛管力以驱动残余油流动；2）静态实验表明，溶剂在表面活性剂辅助下释放至原油中，降低原油黏度并促进水包油乳液形成；3）表面活性剂可调控岩石润湿性，降低原油附着力并改善水相渗流能力，其润湿性改变机制因表面活性剂类型及岩石表面带电性而异：CTAB主要通过形成离子对不可逆解吸附砂岩表面的酸性基团，而SDS和OP-10则依赖于双分子层作用；其中CTAB的润湿改性能力最优。基于上述协同机理，稀释微乳液有效提高了稠油采收率。本研究为稀释微乳液在稠油开采中的应用提供了理论依据与技术支撑。

关键词: 稀释微乳液, 稠油, 提高采收率, 溶剂, 表面活性剂

Abstract:

To solve the problem that the high cost of microemulsion has limited the field application, in this work, the single-phase microemulsion was diluted to construct a diluted microemulsion system. The heavy oil from CF oilfield in Xinjiang was taken as the object to explore the synergistic mechanism of enhanced oil recovery by using a solvent n-tetradecane （n-C₁₄） and a surfactant （cationic CTAB, anionic SDS or nonionic OP-10）.A stable single-phase microemulsion formulation with the mass ratio of active substance to solvent of 8∶2 was determined by titration, and it was diluted to a surfactant mass fraction of 0.25% to form a diluted-microemulsion system. The performance characterization showed that the micelle size of the system was nanoscale, and the system was relatively stable. The mechanism research showed that: 1） Diluted-microemulsion could significantly reduce the oil-water interfacial tension and weaken the capillary force to drive the flow of residual oil; 2） Static experiments showed that the solvent was released into crude oil with the aid of surfactant, which reduced the viscosity of crude oil and promoted the formation of oil-in-water emulsion; 3） The surfactant could regulate the wettability of rock, reduce the adhesion of crude oil and improve the permeability of water phase. The mechanism of wettability change varied depending on the type of surfactant and the charge of rock surface: CTAB was able to desorb the acidic groups of crude oil from the surface of sandstone in an irreversible way by forming ion pairs, while SDS and OP-10 relied on another action mechanism. Among them, CTAB showed the best performance in wettability modification. Based on the synergistic mechanism above, the diluted microemulsion effectively improved the heavy oil recovery. This work might provide theoretical basis and technical support for the application of diluted microemulsion in heavy oil recovery.

Key words: diluted-microemulsion, heavy oil, enhanced oil recovery, solvent, surfactant

中图分类号:

TQ423

李一波, 杨闽, 邓庆欢, 王烁石. 稀释微乳液原位降黏与润湿性调控驱油机理研究[J]. 日用化学工业（中英文）, 2025, 55(9): 1093-1099.

Yibo Li, Min Yang, Qinghuan Deng, Shuoshi Wang. Study on the mechanism of in-situ viscosity reduction and wettability control in oil displacement by diluted-microemulsion[J]. China Surfactant Detergent & Cosmetics, 2025, 55(9): 1093-1099.

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体系	w（表面活性剂）/%	w（助表面活性剂）/%	w（溶剂）/%	w（水）/%
CTAB+n-C₁₄	18.02	36.04	13.51	32.43
SDS+n-C₁₄	12.12	24.24	9.09	54.55
OP-10+n-C₁₄	29.41	29.41	14.71	26.47

DME体系	质量稀释比/%
DME体系	0.10	0.25	0.50	0.75	1.00
CTAB+n-C₁₄ DME	0.55	1.39	2.77	4.16	5.55
SDS+n-C₁₄ DME	0.82	2.06	4.13	6.19	8.25
OP-10+n-C₁₄ DME	0.34	0.85	1.70	2.55	3.40