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2026年, 第56卷, 第10期　刊出日期：2026-10-22 上一期   

特邀专稿

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表面活性剂在金属加工液中的应用 Application of surfactants in metalworking fluids 杨许召,张盈盈,裴壮壮,汪会宝,李亚坤,张建强,刘聪,张瑞雪,李莹,蒋世隆,张加祥 2026 (10):  1287-1296.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2026.10.001 摘要 ( 41 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF(14443KB) ( 34 )   金属加工液是金属加工行业中的关键配套材料和消耗品，表面活性剂决定加工液稳定性、润湿冷却、清洗排屑、润滑防锈和寿命。文章综述了表面活性剂在金属加工液领域的应用，通过介绍金属加工液及表面活性剂的概念，重点分析表面活性剂的类型及其在金属加工液中的作用机制，并深入探讨了表面活性剂在金属加工液配制、加工与应用中的作用，及其在乳化稳定、工件润湿、表面清洗、临时防锈、微生物控制和极压润滑等环节的作用规律与配伍策略。同时，文章还关注了表面活性剂领域的前沿技术进展，包括新型绿色表面活性剂的开发、纳米辅助复配技术等，并对其安全性评价体系、环保管理要求及未来发展方向进行了系统探讨。文章旨在为金属加工液配方优化设计及表面活性剂的科学应用提供理论依据与实践参考。 Metalworking fluids are key ancillary materials and consumables in the metalworking industry, and surfactants determine their stability, wetting and cooling performance, cleaning and chip evacuation, lubrication and rust prevention, and service life. The paper reviews the application of surfactants in the field of metalworking fluids. By introducing the concepts of metalworking fluids and surfactants, it focuses on analyzing the types of surfactants and their mechanisms of action in metalworking fluids. It further explores the roles of surfactants in the formulation, machining, and application of metalworking fluids. It also examines their action patterns and compatibility strategies in processes such as emulsification stability, workpiece wetting, surface cleaning, temporary rust prevention, microbial control, and extreme-pressure lubrication. In addition, the paper also addresses frontier technological advances in the field of surfactants, including the development of new green surfactants and nano-assisted compounding technologies, and systematically discusses their safety evaluation systems, environmental management requirements, and future development directions. The paper aims to provide a theoretical basis and practical reference for the optimal formulation design of metalworking fluids and the scientific application of surfactants. 数据和表 | 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

科技讲座

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黏弹性表面活性剂（X）——在油气开采中的应用 Viscoelastic surfactants (X) Applications in oil and gas production 吕永利,冯玉军 2026 (10):  1297-1309.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2026.10.002 摘要 ( 26 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF(24242KB) ( 18 )   黏弹性表面活性剂（VES）凭借蠕虫状胶束的可逆组装，兼具增黏、黏弹性、可逆剪切、遇烃自破胶等特性，已成为油气开采工作液的重要组分。本文系统梳理了VES在油气开采主要作业环节的应用现状。清洁压裂液依靠胶束缠结网络悬浮支撑剂，破胶彻底、残渣极少，纳米粒子改性可进一步提升其耐温耐盐与滤失控制能力；自转向酸利用酸-岩反应就地增黏，实现高渗层暂堵与低渗层改造；砾石充填与连续油管作业则受益于其低摩阻、层流携砂和剪切可逆恢复特性。在化学驱与CO2驱油领域，VES兼具流度控制与界面活性，CO2响应型体系还可原位胶凝以抑制气窜、增强咸水层封存。总体而言，VES在低压低渗、煤层气等残渣敏感储层中优势突出，但耐温抗盐上限、阳离子体系乳化倾向及药剂成本仍制约其规模化替代。未来应通过纳米复合、多重非共价作用与无机盐诱导组装等途径提升综合性能，并推进绿色化与低成本制备。 Viscoelastic surfactants （VES） combine viscosity enhancement, unique viscoelasticity, reversible shearing and hydrocarbon-sensitivity, and have thus become key components of oil and gas working fluids. This review summarizes the mechanism, formulation and practical applications or potentials of VES in upstream oil industry. In clean fracturing fluids, entangled micellar networks suspend proppants while leaving minimal residue; nanoparticle modification further improves thermal and salt tolerance and fluid-loss control. Self-diverting acids exploit acid-rock reaction to thicken in situ, temporarily plugging high-permeability zones and diverting subsequent acid to low-permeability layers. Gravel packing and coiled-tubing operations benefit from low friction, laminar-flow sand transport and reversible shear recovery. In chemical flooding and CO2 flooding, VES provides both mobility control and interfacial activity, and CO2-responsive systems can gel in situ to mitigate gas channeling and enhance saline-aquifer sequestration. VES shows clear advantages in residue-sensitive reservoirs such as low-pressure low-permeability and coalbed methane formations, yet temperature and salinity limits, the emulsification tendency of cationic species and reagent cost still constrain large-scale substitution of polymers. Future work should enhance performance through nanocomposites, multiple non-covalent interactions and salt-induced assembly, while advancing green and low-cost preparation. 数据和表 | 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

基础研究

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多聚季铵盐表面活性剂型清洁压裂液的制备与性能评价 Preparation of a novel multi-quaternary ammonium surfactant and its potential for application in clean fracturing fluids 曹晶,柴佳杰,王迪东,梁喜梅,韩薇薇,董三宝 2026 (10):  1310-1317.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2026.10.003 摘要 ( 32 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF(10787KB) ( 18 )   多聚季铵盐表面活性剂具有较好的黏弹性、抗剪切等特性，是制备新型清洁压裂液的优良增稠剂。文章以3-甲氨基-1, 2-丙二醇、环氧氯丙烷和十八烷基二甲基叔胺为原料，制备了一种新型多季铵盐表面活性剂（CTAN），测定了其表面活性，研究了浓度、温度和反离子等因素对CTAN溶液黏度的影响规律，经优化得到了一种适用于清洁压裂液主剂的复配体系，该复配体系含有3%的CTAN和0.66%的NaSal。研究结果表明，CTAN在常温下临界胶束浓度（cmc）为0.5 mmol/L，对应的平衡表面张力（γcmc）为27.2 mN/m。CTAN溶液黏度随含量升高单调增加后平稳，当CTAN含量增加至6%时，黏度升高至4 740.1 mPa·s；3% CTAN溶液的黏度随温度的升高表现出先上升后下降的趋势，且在40 ℃时黏度达到极大值，为1 873.2 mPa·s，展现出良好的增黏性能。相比KCl，NaSal对3% CTAN溶液展现出了更显著的增黏效应，在40 ℃、剪切速率为20 s-1下，加量为0.66%的NaSal可将3% CTAN溶液黏度从1 873.2 mPa·s提升至5 827.3 mPa·s。此外，在NaSal加量为0.66%时，3% CTAN溶液也表现出良好的黏弹性、流变特性和悬砂性能，常温下支撑剂颗粒（砂液比1.5:8.5）在该CTAN/NaSal复配溶液体系中的沉降速率为0.015 cm/min。NaSal的加入促进了CTAN分子自组装结构形貌由球状向蠕虫状转变，扫描电镜观测的冻干液微观形貌特征与这一判断相符。 Multi-quaternary ammonium surfactants exhibit favorable viscoelasticity and shear resistance, making them excellent thickeners for preparing clean fracturing fluids. In this work, a novel multi-quaternary ammonium surfactant （CTAN） was synthesized by using 3-methylamino-1, 2- propanediol, epichlorohydrin and octadecyldimethylamine as raw materials. Its surface activity was measured, and the effects of concentration, temperature and counterions on the viscosity of CTAN solutions were investigated. After optimization, a mixed system suitable as the main agent for clean fracturing fluids was obtained, consisting of 3% CTAN and 0.66% sodium salicylate （NaSal）. The results showed that the critical micelle concentration of CTAN at room temperature was 0.5 mmol/L, with corresponding equilibrium surface tension of 27.2 mN/m. The viscosity of CTAN solutions increased monotonically with concentration before reaching a plateau. When the CTAN concentration reached 6%, the viscosity was raised to 4 740.1 mPa·s. As for the effect of temperature, the viscosity of the solution of 3% CTAN first increased and then decreased with the rising temperature, reaching a maximum of 1 873.2 mPa·s at 40 ℃, indicative of good thickening performance. Compared with KCl, NaSal exhibited a much more significant viscosity-enhancing effect on the 3% CTAN solution. At 40 ℃ and the shear rate of 20 s-1, the presence of 0.66% NaSal could increase the viscosity of the 3% CTAN solution from 1 873.2 mPa·s to 5 827.3 mPa·s. Furthermore, the 3% CTAN solution with 0.66% NaSal also showed favorable viscoelasticity, rheological properties, and sand-suspension performance. At room temperature, the settling rate of proppant particles （sand-fluid ratio of 1.5 : 8.5） in this CTAN/NaSal mixed system was 0.015 cm/min. The addition of NaSal had promoted the transformation of molecular self-assembled structures of CTAN from spherical to worm-like morphologies, which was consistent with the microscopic morphological analysis by scanning electron microscopy on the freeze-dried solution. 数据和表 | 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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POSS基巨型-小分子复合表面活性剂纳米乳液的构建与性能 Preparation and properties of the nanoemulsions stabilized by ternary surfactant mixtures of a POSS-based giant surfactant and two small-molecule surfactants 张荣,郑力军,王燕,王骏,胡家瑞,杨旭,赵苹,吕斌 2026 (10):  1318-1326.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2026.10.004 摘要 ( 28 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF(5769KB) ( 23 )   纳米乳液的性能高度依赖表面活性剂的分子结构与界面行为，其高比表面积、优异稳定性与渗透性为胶体体系提供了关键优势，广泛应用于药物靶向递送、油田驱油及特种涂层等领域。该研究合成了磺酸基功能化的笼型倍半硅氧烷巨型表面活性剂（7Tau-POSS-C8），将其与脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚（JFC）和异构十三醇醚（TO-4070）混合作为主表面活性剂，甲醇为助表面活性剂，柠檬烯作为油相，制备纳米乳液。通过构建伪三元相图并系统优化纳米乳液区域，考察主表面活性剂的种类与配比对纳米乳液形成能力的影响。实验结果表明，当7Tau-POSS-C8、JFC和TO-4070的质量比为1:2:2时，纳米乳液区域面积最大，为28.03%。所得纳米乳液具有较小的粒径（小于200 nm）、良好的单分散性及较低的界面张力（0.07 mN/m）。流变性能测试显示，7Tau-POSS-C8的引入能有效抑制纳米乳液在高剪切条件下的黏度增长，提升体系的剪切稳定性。洗油应用实验进一步表明，该纳米乳液洗油率可达90.48%，显著优于单一小分子表面活性剂体系。研究通过微观形貌、表面张力及界面行为等表征，揭示了7Tau-POSS-C8与小分子表面活性剂协同提升纳米乳液形成能力、界面活性和应用性能的关键作用。该研究为基于巨型表面活性剂的高性能纳米乳液构建提供了理论依据与实践参考。 The performance of nanoemulsions is highly dependent on the molecular structure and interfacial behavior of the surfactants. Their large specific surface area, excellent stability, and high permeability offer key advantages for colloidal systems, making them widely applicable in the fields of targeted drug delivery, enhanced oil recovery, and functional coatings. In this work, a sulfonic acid-functionalized cage-like silsesquioxane giant surfactant （7Tau-POSS-C8） was synthesized, and then it was blended with fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether （JFC） and isotridecyl alcohol polyoxyethylene ether （TO-4070） to form ternary surfactant mixtures with different mass ratios. These ternary surfactant mixtures were used to prepare nanoemulsions in which methanol was employed as the co-surfactant and limonene as the oil phase. The influences of the type and proportion of the surfactant mixtures on the nanoemulsion formation were systematically studied by constructing and optimizing pseudo-ternary phase diagrams. The experimental results showed that the area of nanoemulsion region reached the maximum （28.03%） when the mass ratio of 7Tau-POSS-C8 to JFC to TO-4070 was 1:2:2. The nanoemulsion thus obtained exhibited small droplet size （< 200 nm）, good monodispersity, and low interfacial tension （0.07 mN/m）. Rheological experiments demonstrated that the presence of 7Tau-POSS-C8 effectively suppressed the viscosity rise during high-rate shearing, thereby enhancing the shear stability of the system. The oil-sand washing experiments showed that the nanoemulsion achieved high oil removal efficiency of 90.48%, which was significantly superior to those systems stabilized by single small-molecule surfactants. According to the results of microscopic morphology, surface tension, and interfacial behavior, this work elucidated the key synergistic roles of 7Tau-POSS-C8 with small-molecule surfactants in improving the emulsifying ability, interfacial activity, and application performance of nanoemulsions. This work could provide theoretical insights and practical guidance for the design of high-performance nanoemulsions based on giant surfactants. 数据和表 | 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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粉煤灰漂珠负载聚苯胺/ZnFe2O4复合材料制备及光催化降解性能研究 Preparation and photocatalytic degradation performance of polyaniline/ZnFe2O4 composites loaded on fly-ash cenospheres 沈登绪,楚留声 2026 (10):  1327-1336.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2026.10.005 摘要 ( 29 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF(10872KB) ( 19 )   为了解决磺胺类抗生素造成的水污染问题，该研究采用原位聚合法制备了粉煤灰漂珠负载聚苯胺@铁酸锌（PANI@ZnFe2O4/FAC）复合材料。通过X射线衍射（XRD）、扫描电镜（SEM）、红外光谱（FT-IR）、紫外可见漫反射光谱（UV-vis DRS）、光致发光光谱（PL）和电化学阻抗谱（EIS）等手段表征分析了复合材料的物相结构、微观形貌和光电化学性质。以磺胺二甲基嘧啶（SMZ）作为降解废水中的目标污染物，评价了复合材料的光催化性能、耐久稳定性能和底物普适性能，并分析提出了光催化机理，通过L9 （34）正交实验优化了制备条件。结果表明：在苯胺和ZnFe2O4/FAC质量比为1:1、苯胺和过硫酸铵摩尔比为1:2、盐酸浓度为0.5 mol/L和反应时间为8 h条件下制备的复合材料表现出优异的光催化性能，模拟可见光照射60 min时其对SMZ的最高降解率达到了98.90%。光催化活性的增强得益于PANI和ZnFe2O4/FAC之间Ⅱ型异质结的构建，实现了光生载流子的高效分离，降低了电化学阻抗。活性物种猝灭结果表明·O2-和h+在光催化过程中起到关键作用。 To solve the problem of water pollution caused by sulfonamide antibiotics, in this study, the composites of polyaniline@zinc ferrite loaded on fly-ash cenospheres （PANI@ZnFe2O4/FAC） were prepared by in-situ polymerization. The crystal structure, microstructure and photoelectrochemical properties of the composites were characterized by XRD, SEM, FT-IR, UV-vis DRS, PL and EIS. Sulfamethazine （SMZ） was used as the target pollutant in wastewater for degradation. The photocatalytic performance, durability and substrate universality of the composite were evaluated, and the photocatalytic mechanism was analyzed and proposed. The preparation conditions were optimized by L9 （34） orthogonal experiment. The results showed that the composite material prepared under the condition of the mass ratio of aniline:ZnFe2O4/FAC of 1:1, the molar ratio of aniline: ammonium persulfate of 1:2, the concentration of hydrochloric acid of 0.5 mol/L and the reaction time of 8 h showed excellent photocatalytic performance. The highest degradation percentage of SMZ reached 98.90% under simulated visible light irradiation for 60 min. The enhanced photocatalytic activity could be ascribed to the construction of type-II heterojunction between PANI and ZnFe2O4/FAC, which had realized the efficient separation of photogenerated carriers and reduced the electrochemical impedance. The active species quenching results showed that ·O2- and h+ played key roles in the photocatalytic process. 数据和表 | 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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季铵化水解角蛋白的合成及应用研究 Synthesis of hydroxypropyl-trimethylammonium hydrolyzed keratin and its application performance in hair care 常洁,许虎君,高海燕 2026 (10):  1337-1343.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2026.10.006 摘要 ( 29 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF(6746KB) ( 21 )   针对天然水解蛋白在头发表面因电性排斥导致的吸附效率低、修复效果有限等问题，通过2, 3-环氧丙基三甲基氯化铵（EPTAC）对水解角蛋白进行季铵化改性，成功制备了季铵化水解角蛋白（HPT-Ker），并系统探究了其与阴离子表面活性剂月桂醇聚醚硫酸酯钠（AES）和两性离子表面活性剂椰油酰丙基甜菜碱（CAB）复配体系的理化性能及其在透明洗发水中的应用效果。结果表明，HPT-Ker能与AES产生显著协同作用，降低体系表面张力与临界胶束浓度，同时显著降低体系刺激性。在洗护应用中，HPT-Ker凭借其阳离子特性及与头发角蛋白的结构相似性，实现了“表面成膜”与“内在修复”双重功效，其梳理性能优于传统阳离子调理剂JR-400，同时兼具修复功能，能够显著提升发丝的拉伸性能，修复受损毛鳞片。 To solve the problems of low adsorption efficiency and limited repair effects of natural hydrolyzed proteins on hair, which is often caused by the electrostatic repulsion from hair surface, in this work, hydrolyzed keratin was modified by using 2, 3- epoxypropyltrimethylammonium chloride （EPTAC） and thus the hydroxypropyl-trimethylammonium hydrolyzed keratin （HPT-Ker） was successfully produced. The physicochemical properties of HPT-Ker were systematically studied when mixed with an anionic surfactant （AES） and an zwitterionic surfactant （CAB）. Its efficacy in clear shampoo formulations were also studied. The results showed that HPT-Ker exhibited significant synergistic effect with AES, reducing the surface tension and critical micelle concentration of the system, and meanwhile, the irritation of the system was also remarkably reduced. In hair care applications, HPT-Ker was confirmed to achieve the dual functions of “film formation on hair surface” and “intrinsic repair”, which were attributed to its cationic nature and structural similarity to hair keratin. It not only surpassed the traditional cationic conditioner JR-400 in hair combability, but also exhibited repair capabilities, including significantly enhancing hair tensile strength and smoothing the damaged hair cuticle. This work might provide theoretical foundation and practical reference for development of highly effective, mild, and multifunctional bio-based hair conditioning agents. 数据和表 | 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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益生菌发酵产物通过Notch信号通路修护皮肤屏障的斑马鱼模型评价及机制研究 Evaluation of skin barrier repair by a probiotic ferment lysate in a zebrafish model and mechanistic exploration via the Notch signaling pathway 李鑫,段治,张芷茵,崔洪昌 2026 (10):  1344-1353.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2026.10.007 摘要 ( 51 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF(21579KB) ( 47 )   文章研究目的是评估护肤原料乳酸杆菌发酵溶胞产物VHProbi MixR的皮肤屏障修护功效，并阐明其潜在作用机制。该原料由四种益生菌发酵产物裂解液等比例混合制成。采用LC-MS非靶向代谢组学分析VHProbi MixR的化学成分，通过网络药理学预测其作用靶点及相关通路，构建乳酸诱导的斑马鱼皮肤屏障损伤模型，评价不同浓度原料的修护效果，结合转录组学和RT-qPCR验证核心通路及差异基因表达。结果表明VHProbi MixR含2 176种代谢物，主要包括有机酸及其衍生物、脂质及其类似物等，含烟酰胺等多种活性成分。网络药理学筛选出678个潜在靶点，关键靶点GSK3B与皮肤屏障修复相关通路密切相关。斑马鱼实验显示，VHProbi MixR （50和200 mL/L） 可显著降低受损皮肤的荧光染色面积（P<0.001），且高剂量组效果更优。转录组学及RT-qPCR验证表明，该原料可激活Notch信号通路，上调her4、her12、hey1等下游靶基因表达。研究结论为VHProbi MixR通过作用于GSK3B靶点激活Notch信号通路，促进角质形成细胞分化及紧密连接蛋白调控，从而发挥皮肤屏障修护作用，具有良好的护肤应用潜力。 This study aims to evaluate the skin barrier repair efficacy of the skincare ingredient Lactobacillus fermentation lysate VHProbi MixR and clarify its potential mechanism of action. This material is an equal-ratio mixture of lysates derived from four probiotic ferments. LC-MS-based untargeted metabolomics was used to analyze the chemical components of VHProbi MixR. Network pharmacology was employed to predict its potential targets and related pathways. A lactic acid-induced zebrafish skin barrier injury model was established to assess the repair effect of VHProbi MixR at different concentrations. Transcriptomics and RT-qPCR were combined to verify the core pathways and differential gene expression. VHProbi MixR contains 2 176 metabolites, mainly including organic acids and their derivatives, lipids and lipid-like molecules, with various active components such as nicotinamide. Network pharmacology identifie 678 potential targets, among which the key target GSK3B is closely associated with skin barrier repair-related pathways. Zebrafish experiments show that VHProbi MixR （50 and 200 mL/L） significantly reduces the fluorescent staining area of damaged skin （P<0.001）, with a more pronounced effect in the high-dose group. Transcriptomic and qPCR verification indicate that VHProbi MixR activates the Notch signaling pathway and upregulates the expression of downstream target genes, including her4, her12, and hey1. Collectively, VHProbi MixR exerts skin barrier repair effects by acting on the GSK3B target to activate the Notch signaling pathway, thereby promoting keratinocyte differentiation and regulating tight junction proteins. These findings demonstrate its promising potential for application in skincare products. 数据和表 | 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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诃子提取物对酪氨酸酶活性的抑制作用及机制研究 Study on the inhibitory effect and mechanism of Terminalia chebula Retz extract on tyrosinase activity 吴国平,李斌,黄山 2026 (10):  1354-1361.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2026.10.008 摘要 ( 43 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF(7437KB) ( 24 )   探讨诃子提取物（TCE）对酪氨酸酶活性的抑制作用及其机制。通过HPLC分析TCE的主要成分；结合酶动力学、荧光光谱及分子对接技术，研究其抑制效果及作用机制。TCE对酪氨酸单酚酶和二酚酶均表现出较强的抑制活性，IC50分别为（30.6±0.6） mg/L和（28.3±0.2） mg/L；动力学分析表明其为混合型抑制机制，抑制常数KI = 232.26 mg/L，KIS = 927.27 mg/L。通过荧光光谱分析，发现随着诃子提取物浓度增加，酪氨酸酶的内源荧光强度呈现浓度依赖性下降，同时其最大发射波长从332 nm红移至341 nm。分子对接模拟证实，提取物中的没食子酸、诃黎勒酸和柯里拉京能够稳定地嵌入酪氨酸酶活性中心，通过与关键氨基酸残基形成氢键和离子键，从而竞争性抑制底物结合。TCE通过与酪氨酸酶活性位点结合并干扰其分子构象实现显著的抑制作用，并为其在色素过度沉积相关疾病防治中的应用提供了理论依据。 This study aimed to explore the inhibitory effect and underlying mechanism of Terminalia chebula Retz extract （TCE） on tyrosinase activity. High-performance liquid chromatography （HPLC） was employed to analyze the main components of TCE. Enzyme kinetics, fluorescence spectroscopy, and molecular docking techniques were utilized to investigate the inhibitory effects and mechanisms. TCE demonstrates potent inhibitory activity against both tyrosinase monophenolase and diphenolase, with IC50 values of （30.6±0.6） mg/L and （28.3±0.2） mg/L, respectively. Kinetic analysis suggests a mixed-type inhibition mechanism, with inhibition constants KI = 232.26 mg/L and KIS = 927.27 mg/L. Fluorescence spectroscopic analysis shows that the intrinsic fluorescence intensity of tyrosinase decreases in a concentration-dependent manner with increasing concentrations of Terminalia chebula extract. Concurrently, the maximum emission wavelength undergoes a red shift from 332 nm to 341 nm. Further molecular docking simulations indicate that gallic acid, chebulagic acid, and corilagin, the key constituents of the extract, can stably dock into the active site of tyrosinase. Through the formation of hydrogen bonds and ionic bonds with critical amino acid residues, these compounds competitively impede substrate binding. TCE significantly suppresses tyrosinase activity by binding to the enzyme’s active site and modifying its molecular conformation, offering a theoretical foundation for its application in the prevention and treatment of hyperpigmentation disorders. 数据和表 | 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

开发与应用

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基于TLR2信号通路探究裂褶菌β-葡聚糖对口腔上皮细胞炎症的调控作用 A β-glucan from Schizophyllum commune attenuates Fusobacterium nucleatum-induced inflammatory responses in oral epithelial cells via TLR2 signaling 林宇城,周菲,刘青,卢伊娜 2026 (10):  1362-1370.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2026.10.009 摘要 ( 36 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF(20373KB) ( 18 )   裂褶菌β-葡聚糖（Gioactive SPG-PF）是一种以β- （1→3）葡聚糖为主链、β- （1→6）葡萄糖为侧链的天然微生物多糖，具有抗氧化与抗炎等多种活性，但其在口腔微环境中的作用机制尚未明确。为此，该研究从分子与细胞层面探究Gioactive SPG-PF是否可通过TLR2通路调控口腔上皮细胞的炎症反应，为将其开发为口腔舒缓新原料提供理论依据。通过建立灭活具核梭杆菌（Fusobacterium nucleatum）诱导的TR146细胞炎症模型，评估了Gioactive SPG-PF的口腔舒缓功效。结果显示，Gioactive SPG-PF可剂量依赖性地显著抑制IL-6和IL-8的蛋白分泌，并下调TLR2、IL6和IL8的基因表达。进一步的分子对接分析表明，Gioactive SPG-PF的单糖（n=1）和二糖（n=2）重复单元能以较高亲和力与TLR2蛋白活性位点结合，其结合模式与TLR2经典抑制剂CU-CPT22相似。综上，Gioactive SPG-PF可有效抑制口腔上皮细胞的炎症反应，其作用机制可能与调控TLR2信号通路有关，该研究为其作为新型口腔舒缓原料的开发提供了理论支持。 Schizophyllum commune β-glucan （Gioactive SPG-PF） is a natural microbial polysaccharide characterized by a β- （1→3） -glucan backbone with β- （1→6） -glucose side chains, known for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. However, its mechanism of action within the oral microenvironment remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate whether Gioactive SPG-PF can regulate inflammatory responses in oral epithelial cells via the TLR2 pathway, thereby providing a theoretical basis for its development as a novel oral soothing ingredient. An inflammatory model was established using TR146 cells stimulated with inactivated Fusobacterium nucleatum, and the anti-inflammatory effects of Gioactive SPG-PF was evaluated. The results show that Gioactive SPG-PF exhibits significant dose-dependent inhibition of IL-6 and IL-8 protein secretion, and downregulates the transcriptional expression of TLR2, IL6, and IL8 genes. Further molecular docking analysis indicates that the monosaccharide （n=1） and disaccharide （n=2） repeating units of Gioactive SPG-PF can bind with high affinity to the active site of the TLR2 protein, exhibiting a binding mode similar to that of the classical TLR2 inhibitor CU-CPT22. In conclusion, Gioactive SPG-PF effectively suppresses inflammatory responses in oral epithelial cells, potentially through the modulation of the TLR2 signaling pathway, providing experimental and theoretical support for its development as a new oral soothing ingredient. 数据和表 | 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

专论与综述

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AGEs合成、细胞应答及降解机制研究进展 Research progress on the synthesis, cellular responses, and degradation mechanisms of advanced glycation end products 高媛媛,赵航晴,底烨,陈顾慧,沈子若,何聪芬,董坤 2026 (10):  1371-1379.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2026.10.010 摘要 ( 33 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF(2245KB) ( 24 )   明晰晚期糖基化终产物（Advanced glycation endproducts，AGEs）来源和去路，对抗糖化妆品研发十分必要。文章从AGEs产生影响因素、AGEs合成、细胞应答、降解等汇总发现，内、外源性因素通过影响血糖浓度、AGEs降解效率、炎症等影响AGEs合成，合成途径涉及多元醇、糖酵解等传统途径及美拉德反应、丙酮醇途径、葡萄糖自氧化等非传统途径；AGEs引起胶原纤维机械性改变，或通过与RAGE、AGE-Rs家族、NF-κB通路等刺激细胞应答；AGEs降解通过AGE-Rs家族识别或胞吞，基于细胞代谢酶系统降解后，进入血液循环或经尿液排出体外。为有效控制AGEs在皮肤的累积，并针对性开发抗糖化妆品奠定理论基础。 Clarifying the sources and elimination pathways of advanced glycation end products （AGEs） is of great necessity for the development of anti-glycation cosmetics. This paper summarizes findings from studies on influencing factors of AGE formation, AGE synthesis, cellular responses, and degradation. It reveals that both endogenous and exogenous factors affect AGE synthesis by modulating blood glucose levels, AGE degradation efficiency, and inflammatory responses. The synthetic pathways involve traditional routes such as the polyol and glycolytic pathways, as well as non-traditional mechanisms including the Maillard reaction, acetol pathway, and glucose autoxidation. AGEs induce mechanical alterations in collagen fibers or stimulate cellular responses through interactions with receptors like RAGE, members of the AGE-R family, and the NF-κB signaling pathway. AGE degradation occurs via recognition by AGE-R or endocytosis, followed by breakdown mediated by cellular metabolic enzyme systems, with subsequent elimination through blood circulation or urinary excretion. Consequently, strategies aimed at suppressing AGE accumulation in the skin provide a theoretical foundation for the targeted development of anti-glycation cosmetics. 数据和表 | 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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基于监管科学视角的国内外祛斑美白化妆品监管体系研究 Research on domestic and foreign regulatory systems for freckle-removing and skin-whitening cosmetics from the perspective of regulatory science 冯孟鑫,王聪,王玲丽,张凤兰,刘丹丹,余振喜,王庆利 2026 (10):  1380-1391.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2026.10.011 摘要 ( 36 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF(1106KB) ( 20 )   在祛斑美白化妆品市场持续扩容、消费者对产品安全性和有效性的关注度与日俱增的行业背景下，开展国内外祛斑美白化妆品领域监管情况的对比分析，不仅有助于深入了解不同国家和地区在该领域的监管特点与优势，更能为我国祛斑美白化妆品产业的规范发展提供有益借鉴。文章选取化妆品生产规模领先、监管体系成熟的国家和地区作为研究对象，运用系统性对比研究方法，深度剖析其在祛斑美白化妆品监管框架、功效评估规范、原料使用标准等关键维度的异同。同时，结合我国当前祛斑美白化妆品及原料管理现状与问题，多维度剖析监管衔接、技术壁垒等挑战。通过对比分析，发现不同国家和地区在祛斑美白化妆品监管方面存在明显差异。基于全球监管趋势与我国产业实际，针对性地提出完善原料管理、出台指导文件、加强机理研究等建议，助力产业高质量发展。 Amid the continuous expansion of the market for freckle-removing and skin-whitening cosmetics, coupled with growing consumer concern regarding product safety and efficacy, conducting a comparative analysis of domestic and international regulatory landscapes in this field not only helps to foster a deeper understanding of the regulatory characteristics and advantages of different countries and regions, but also provides valuable references for the standardized development of China’s freckle-removing and skin-whitening cosmetics industry. This paper selected countries or regions with advanced cosmetic manufacturing capacity and mature regulatory systems, such as the European Union, the United States, and Japan, as research objects. Using a systematic comparative research approach, this paper deeply analyzed the similarities and differences across key dimensions, such as regulatory frameworks, efficacy evaluation standards, and ingredient restriction/usage standards. At the same time, based on the current status and challenges of cosmetic and cosmetic-ingredient management in China, this paper analyzed challenges of regulatory linkage and technical barriers from multiple dimensions. Through comparative analysis, the findings indicate that there are significant differences in the regulation of freckle-removing and skin-whitening cosmetics among different countries and regions. Based on global regulatory trends and the practical realities of China’s industry, targeted suggestions are put forward to improve the system of raw material management, issue relevant guidance, and strengthen research into mechanisms of action, thereby facilitating the standardized development and quality improvement of the industry. 数据和表 | 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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嗅觉干预助眠的作用机制与研究进展 Mechanisms and research advances in olfactory intervention for sleep promotion 严羽欢,吕粼,吴美娜,杨睿,蔡国强,何美林 2026 (10):  1392-1402.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2026.10.012 摘要 ( 38 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF(17032KB) ( 18 )   当代社会失眠问题突出，已成为一项影响人类身心健康的重要公共卫生挑战，而嗅觉吸入作为便捷、高效且安全的非药物干预策略，在改善睡眠健康方面展现出广阔应用前景。系统梳理嗅觉干预助眠的相关研究，对开发高效稳定的助眠日化产品具有重要意义。文章从嗅觉干预的作用机制、效果评价方法、活性成分三个维度，系统综述了嗅觉吸入干预助眠的研究进展；通过香调特征与助眠活性的深入分析，构建了涵盖花香调、木质调、芳香调与柑橘调的“安眠香调轮”，为个性化助眠产品的香气选择与配方设计提供了科学分类依据；同时阐释了单方天然精油的助眠特性与作用靶点，分析了复方精油“多成分-多靶点-多通路”的协同优势，并探讨了基于天然精油开发标准化合成香料的技术价值。旨在通过梳理多维证据与香调体系，为开发高效、稳定且个性化的助眠产品提供理论依据，推动嗅觉调节在睡眠健康管理中的科学应用。 Insomnia has become a prominent issue in contemporary society, posing a significant public health challenge to human physical and mental health. Olfactory inhalation, as a convenient, efficient, and safe non-pharmacological intervention strategy, exhibits broad application prospects in improving sleep health. Systematically reviewing research on olfactory inhalation for sleep promotion is of great importance for the development of effective, stable, and safe somnogenic products. This review comprehensively summarizes the research progress from three dimensions: mechanisms of action, evaluation methods, and bioactive ingredients. Through an analysis of fragrance characteristics and sedative properties, a “Sleep-aid Fragrance Wheel” encompassing floral, woody, aromatic, and citrus notes is constructed, providing a scientific classification framework for the fragrance selection and formulation design of personalized sleep-promoting products. Furthermore, the sedative profiles and action targets of single natural essential oils are explained, the synergistic advantages of compound essential oils with the characteristics of “multi-component, multi-target and multi-pathway” are analyzed, and the technical advantages of developing standardized synthetic fragrances based on natural essential oils are discussed. By synthesizing this multidimensional evidence with the proposed fragrance classification system, this review provides a theoretical foundation for the design of efficient, stable, and personalized somnogenic products, thereby promoting the scientific application of olfactory regulation in sleep health management. 数据和表 | 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

分析与检测

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皮肤致敏替代方法kDPRA的联合验证研究 Establishment and inter-laboratory validation of the kDPRA method for skin sensitization assessment 耿雪,刘萍,王开济,陈宁,宋艳芹,祝清芬 2026 (10):  1403-1412.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2026.10.013 摘要 ( 30 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF(2168KB) ( 16 )   研究旨在验证2022年经济合作与发展组织（OECD）发布的皮肤致敏性替代方法-动力学直接多肽反应试验（kDPRA）在我国实验室的适用性，通过考察关键试剂对结果的影响，结合实验室内部验证及四家外部实验室联合开展研究。结果显示：不同厂家单溴二胺试剂对试验结果无显著影响；市售与自制中性磷酸盐缓冲液在配方一致时对结果亦无影响；实验室内部对10种参考验证物质的致敏性分级准确率达到100%，与OECD TG 442C要求完全一致；5家实验室对10个盲样的预测准确率、灵敏度与特异度均处于80%至100%之间，符合验证要求；此外，kDPRA在组合策略中应用于黄色化合物小檗碱的致敏性评价表现良好。结果表明，kDPRA方法在我国实验室具有较好的重现性与可靠性，适宜在国内建立并转化，可作为基于有害结局路径（AOP）的皮肤致敏性组合评价策略的组成部分，为我国kDPRA方法标准的制订、推广以及动物实验替代方法体系的完善提供了科学依据与实践支持。 This study systematically investigates the applicability of the kinetic direct peptide reactivity assay （kDPRA）, an alternative method for skin sensitization assessment adopted by the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development （OECD） in 2022, in domestic laboratories. By examining the influence of key experimental factors such as reagents, the research combines internal laboratory validation with a ring test involving four external laboratories. The results show that different brands of monobromobimane reagent have no significant impact on the assay results, and commercially available versus laboratory-prepared neutral phosphate buffers yield consistent results under identical formulations. Inter-laboratory validation achieves 100% accuracy in the sensitization potency classification of 10 reference substances, fully aligning with OECD TG 442C requirements. For the 10 blind-coded samples, the predictive accuracy across the five participating laboratories ranges between 80% and 100%, meeting the validation acceptance criteria. Furthermore, kDPRA demonstrates reliable performance when applied within a defined approach for evaluating the sensitization potential of the yellow-colored compound berberine. These findings indicate that the kDPRA method exhibits good reproducibility and reliability in Chinese laboratories. It is suitable for domestic implementation and adoption, and can serve as a component of an Adverse Outcome Pathway （AOP） -based integrated testing strategy for skin sensitization assessment. This work provides scientific evidence and practical support for establishing national kDPRA standards, promoting the method, and improving China’s alternative testing system for animal experimentation. 数据和表 | 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定牙膏中7种止血药 Simultaneous determination of seven hemostatic drugs in toothpaste by high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry 张丽媛,程巧鸳,陈紫怡,陈帅霖,戚绿叶,黄柳倩 2026 (10):  1413-1418.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2026.10.014 摘要 ( 39 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF(1227KB) ( 18 )   建立了高效液相色谱-串联质谱法（HPLC-MS/MS）同时测定牙膏中氨甲环酸等7种止血药含量的方法。样品经5%甲醇-0.02 mmol/L乙二胺四乙酸二钠溶液超声提取后，采用Agilent Poroshell 120 Aq-C18色谱柱（2.1 mm×150 mm，2.7 μm） 分离，以0.1%甲酸-甲醇为流动相进行梯度洗脱，电喷雾离子源（ESI），正、负离子多反应监测（MRM）模式定量。结果显示，在相应的质量浓度范围内，7种止血药相关系数（R2）均高于0.998，线性关系良好。检出限（LOD）为0.05~3.73 μg/g，定量限（LOQ）为0.17~12.30 μg/g。在低、中、高3个质量浓度水平下，2种牙膏基质样品中7种止血药的加标回收率为87.5%~111.9%，相对标准偏差为0.6%~4.4% （n=6）。该方法操作简便、准确度好、灵敏度高，适用于多基质牙膏中7种止血药的测定。 A method for the simultaneous determination of seven hemostatic drugs in toothpaste was developed using high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry （HPLC-MS/MS）. The samples were extracted ultrasonically with 5% methanol-0.02 mmol/L disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate solution. The analytes were separated on an Agilent Poroshell 120 Aq-C18 column （2.1 mm×150 mm, 2.7 μm） column via gradient elution with 0.1% formic acid-methanol as mobile phase. Quantitative analysis was performed by electronic spray ionization under a positive ion and negative ion mode with multiple reaction monitoring （MRM）. The results indicate that the seven hemostatic drugs show good linearity within their respective concentration ranges, with correlation coefficients （R2） greater than 0.998. The limits of detection are 0.05~3.73 μg/g, and the limits of quantitation are 0.17~12.30 μg/g. The average spiked recoveries of the seven hemostatic drugs in two toothpaste matrices are all in the range of 87.5%~111.9%, with RSDs of 0.6%~4.4% （n=6）. The method is simple, sensitive and accurate, making it suitable for the routine determination of these hemostatic drugs in toothpaste. 数据和表 | 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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高效液相色谱法测定化妆品中类视黄醇及产品风险评价研究 Determination of retinoids in cosmetics by high-performance liquid chromatography and product risk assessment 刘慧锦,王海燕,冯克然,邢宇,张伟清 2026 (10):  1419-1425.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2026.10.015 摘要 ( 36 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF(1200KB) ( 17 )   建立了化妆品中9种类视黄醇的高效液相色谱检测方法，对样品前处理条件及色谱条件进行优化，并用该方法对市售56批含类视黄醇化妆品开展质量安全风险评价。样品采用四氢呋喃分散，乙腈超声提取，经C18色谱柱分离，以乙腈-5 mmol/L乙酸铵水溶液-四氢呋喃梯度洗脱。结果表明，9种类视黄醇化合物在相应质量浓度范围内线性关系良好，相关系数均大于0.998。选取水剂、膏霜、乳液、油剂、凝胶等5种基质进行加标回收试验，平均回收率为86.96%~109.63%，RSD为0.30%~8.55%，适用性广泛。56批市售化妆品检验结果显示，29批样品检验结果与标签标识不符，其中8批样品将类视黄醇作为特定宣称原料功效进行备案但未检出，涉及虚假功效宣传。另有3批样品检出禁用原料视黄酸、异视黄酸，存在一定的安全风险。建议药品监管部门持续关注类视黄醇原料及相关化妆品的使用安全性，督促企业规范化生产，进一步完善产品标签标识及功效宣称管理体系的建设。 A high-performance liquid chromatography （HPLC） method was established for the determination of 9 retinoids in cosmetics. The sample pretreatment and chromatographic conditions were optimized, and this method was used to assess quality and safety risks of 56 batches of cosmetics containing retinoids. The samples were dissolved in tetrahydrofuran （THF） and ultrasonically extracted with acetonitrile. The nine retinoids were separated on a C18 chromatographic column, and eluted with a gradient of acetonitrile-aqueous ammonium acetate solution （5 mmol/L） -THF. The results show that the nine retinoids exhibit good linearity with the correlation coefficients exceeding 0.998. Five cosmetic matrices are selected for spiked recovery tests, yielding average recoveries ranging from 86.96% to 109.63%, with RSDs between 0.30% and 8.55%. The detection results of the 56 batches of samples show that retinoids in 29 batches of samples do not conform to their labels. Among them, eight batches that claim specific retinoid ingredients on their registration contain no detectable levels, indicating false efficacy claims. Additionally, three batches contain prohibited ingredients, specifically retinoic acid and isotretinoin, posing substantial safety risks. Therefore, regulatory authorities should continuously monitor the safety of retinoid ingredients and related cosmetics, urge enterprises to standardize production. Furthermore, comprehensive supervision of cosmetic labeling and efficacy claims remains imperative. 数据和表 | 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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离子色谱法测定醇醚羧酸中一氯乙酸根离子和氯离子 Determination of monochloroacetate ion and chloride ion in alcohol ether carboxylic acids by ion chromatography 王健伟,田鑫,王天壮,李国晋,张军 2026 (10):  1426-1432.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2026.10.016 摘要 ( 31 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF(8976KB) ( 16 )   醇醚羧酸（AEC）产品近年来迭代升级进程显著加快，新型产品不断涌现，现有分析手段已难以适配全品类AEC样品的检测需求。为此，本研究建立了离子色谱法测定AEC中一氯乙酸根离子与氯离子的分析方法。实验采用青岛盛瀚SH-AP-1阴离子分析柱（4.0 mm×250 mm，5.5 μm）实现目标离子分离，以氢氧化钾溶液为淋洗液进行等度洗脱，结合抑制型电导检测器检测，采用外标法完成定量分析。通过对离子色谱检测条件的系统优化，确定最优检测条件为：淋洗液为5 mmol/L氢氧化钾溶液，流速0.8 mL/min；该条件下目标离子可实现高效基线分离。方法学验证结果表明：两种目标阴离子在1~50 μg/mL质量浓度范围内线性关系良好，相关系数（r）均大于0.999；3个浓度水平的加标回收率为93.0%~98.4%，相对标准偏差（RSD）为0.4%~3.4%，各项性能指标均符合实际样品分析的技术要求。该方法操作简便、分离效果优异，且精密度、准确度与重复性表现良好，可有效用于不同类型AEC产品中一氯乙酸根离子与氯离子的准确定量检测，并能实现低氯、低一氯乙酸类AEC以及氧化法产品的精准筛选，为AEC产品质量控制提供可靠的技术支撑。 The iterative upgrading process of alcohol ether carboxylic acid （AEC） products has significantly accelerated in recent years, with new products continuously emerging. Existing analytical methods are increasingly inadequate to meet the testing demands for all categories of AEC products. Therefore, in this study, a method of ion chromatography was established for determining the monochloroacetate ion and chloride ion in AEC. In the experiment, a Qingdao Shenghan SH-AP-1 anion-exchange column （5.5 μm, 4.0 mm×250 mm） was employed for target ion separation. Isocratic elution was operated by using potassium hydroxide solution as the mobile phase. Coupled with a suppressed conductivity detector, quantitative analysis was performed by external standard method. The optimized conditions of ion chromatography were determined as follows: The 5 mmol/L KOH solution was used as mobile phase at a flow rate of 0.8 mL/min. Under this condition, the target ions achieved efficient baseline separation. Methodology validation demonstrated that both target anions exhibited good linearity in the concentration range of 1-50 μg/mL, with correlation coefficients （r） exceeding 0.999. The spiked recoveries at three concentration levels ranged from 93.0% to 98.4%, with relative standard deviations （RSD） between 0.4% and 3.4%. All performance metrics met the technical requirements for real-sample analysis. This method was simple to operate and had excellent separation effect, indicative of good precision, accuracy, and repeatability. It was effective for precise quantitative detection of monochloroacetate ion and chloride ion in various types of AEC products. Furthermore, it enabled accurate screening of AEC products with low chloride type and low monochloroacetic acid type, as well as oxidation-processed products, providing reliable technical support for quality control of AEC products. 数据和表 | 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标