表面活性剂类润滑添加剂的研究进展

doi:10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2026.08.002

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

润滑添加剂是确保机械设备可靠运行、实现节能降耗的核心功能载体，其分子结构设计与多组分复配增效直接影响高端装备的摩擦学性能、能效水平和服役寿命。文章系统阐述了表面活性剂在润滑体系中的作用机制与功能定位，梳理了清净分散剂、乳化剂、极压抗磨剂、抗氧抗腐剂及辅助功能助剂的分类特征与应用性能。综述了纳米改性材料、功能化离子液体、可降解体系及绿色合成工艺等前沿技术创新成果，结合新能源汽车、高端智能装备及绿色化学发展趋势，阐明了行业全新性能需求与技术突围路径。研究表明，功能分子设计、多组分协同复配与绿色材料技术的融合应用，可有效突破传统润滑添加剂的性能瓶颈与环保局限。

关键词: 润滑, 摩擦, 表面活性剂, 绿色化学

Abstract:

Lubricant additives are core functional agents for ensuring reliable machinery operation and energy efficiency. Their molecular structure design and synergism in formulations can directly dictate the tribological performance, energy effectiveness, and service durability of high-end equipment. In this review, the action mechanisms and functional positioning of surfactants in lubrication systems were systematically elucidated. The classification characteristics and application performances of detergents-dispersants, emulsifiers, extreme-pressure anti-wear additives, antioxidant and anti-corrosion agents, and auxiliary functional additives were reviewed. Those cutting-edge technological innovations were summarized, including nano-modified materials, functionalized ionic liquids, biodegradable systems, and green synthesis processes. In light of the development trends in new energy vehicles, high-end intelligent equipment, and green chemistry, in this review, the novel performance demands and the technical breakthrough paths for lubricant additives were clarified. The literature research indicated that the integrated application of functional molecular design, synergistic multi-component compounding, and green material technologies could effectively break through the performance bottlenecks and environmental limitations of traditional lubricant additives.

Key words: lubrication, friction, surfactant, green chemistry

中图分类号:

TQ423

李婷, 胡文敬, 李久盛. 表面活性剂类润滑添加剂的研究进展[J]. 日用化学工业（中英文）, 2026, 56(8): 984-990.

Ting Li, Wenjing Hu, Jiusheng Li. Research progress of surfactant-based lubricant additives[J]. China Surfactant Detergent & Cosmetics, 2026, 56(8): 984-990.

图/表 5

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参考文献 14

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