油醇烷氧基化物的合成与性能研究

doi:10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2025.05.007

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以油醇为原料经烷氧基化反应合成了油醇聚氧乙烯醚（OE_n, n=3, 5, 7）和油醇聚氧乙烯聚氧丙烯醚（OE₃P₃），对其表面活性、润湿性、乳化性、泡沫性及以其为乳化剂制备的液晶型乳液的性质进行了研究。结果表明，OE_n的临界胶束浓度（cmc）随着分子中EO加合数的增多而减小，其临界胶束浓度时的表面张力（γ_cmc）为33~34 mN/m，OE₃P₃的表面活性与OE₃相差不大。随着OE_n分子结构中EO加合数的增加，其动态表面活性、润湿性增强；与OE₃和OE₇相比，OE₅具有较低的乳化性和较高稳泡性，在OE₃分子中引入PO基团可以提高其动态表面活性、润湿性和乳化性，但会显著降低其稳泡性。以油醇烷氧基化物为乳化剂制备的乳液都形成了层状液晶且属于剪切变稀体系，加入OE₃的乳液体系具有较好的稳定性。

关键词: 油醇烷氧基化物, 表面活性, 润湿, 乳化, 泡沫, 液晶

Abstract:

Oleyl alcohol polyoxyethylene ethers （OE_n, n=3, 5, 7） and oleyl alcohol polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene ether （OE₃P₃） were synthesized from oleyl alcohol by alkoxylation. Their surface activity, and wetting, emulsifying and foaming properties were studied, as well as the properties of those liquid crystal emulsions prepared with them as emulsifiers. The results showed that the apparent critical micelle concentration （cmc） of OE_n decreased with the increase of EO addition number, and the surface tension （γ_cmc） at the apparent critical micelle concentration was 33-34 mN/m. The surface activity of OE₃P₃ was quite close to that of OE₃. As the EO addition number of OE_n was increased, the dynamic surface activity and wetting ability were enhanced. Compared with OE₃ and OE₇, OE₅ exhibited lower emulsifying ability and higher foam stability. Introducing PO groups into OE₃ molecule could improve its dynamic surface activity, wetting ability, and emulsifying ability, but significantly reduce its foam stability. All emulsions prepared with these oleyl alcohol alkoxylates as emulsifiers formed lamellar liquid crystals and behaved as shear-thinning system. The emulsion added with OE₃ had good stability.

Key words: oleyl alcohol alkoxylate, surface activity, wetting, emulsification, foam, liquid crystal

中图分类号:

TQ423

李萍, 张政委, 柴杰, 任培毓, 王硕昱, 孙佳怡. 油醇烷氧基化物的合成与性能研究[J]. 日用化学工业（中英文）, 2025, 55(5): 591-600.

Ping Li, Zhengwei Zhang, Jie Chai, Peiyu Ren, Shuoyu Wang, Jiayi Sun. Synthesis and properties of oleyl alcohol alkoxylates[J]. China Surfactant Detergent & Cosmetics, 2025, 55(5): 591-600.

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	δ_H/ppm	质子积分面积	烷氧基平均加合数
a	0.81~1.00	3.00	3
b	1.00~1.56	34.52	24+3n
e	3.10~4.00	23.94	2+4m+3n

OE_n	cmc/ （mmol/L）	γ_cmc/ （mN/m）	Γ_max/ （μmol/m²）	A_min/?²	pc₂₀	$\Delta G_{\mathrm{mic}}^{\ominus} /$（kJ/mol）	$\Delta G_{\mathrm{ads}}^{\ominus} /$（kJ/mol）
OE₃	0.320	34.17	5.33	31.17	-1.03	-12.83	-19.50
OE₅	0.190	33.91	5.24	31.65	-1.41	-14.13	-20.95
OE₇	0.036	33.79	5.00	33.23	-2.01	-18.28	-25.44
OE₃P₃	0.390	34.47	5.42	30.59	-0.89	-2.37	-18.87