微乳型果蔬清洗剂去除农药残留的研究

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-1803.2019.12.005

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

研究了微乳型果蔬清洗剂对蔬菜表面农药残留的清除效果。向青菜表面喷洒含有乙酰甲胺磷、氧乐果、敌百虫、氯氟氰菊酯的混合农药,并于喷洒后第3天、7天、14天、21天分别进行采集,再采用微乳型果蔬清洗剂、市售去除农残果蔬专用清洗剂和自来水分别清洗。测定青菜中4种农药的残留量,评估3种清洗剂对不同农药、喷洒农药后不同采收时间农残的清除效果。研究结果表明：随着喷洒农药采收时间的延长,青菜中4种农残均有不同程度的降低;但清洗效率明显下降。微乳型果蔬清洗剂对4种农药均有很好的去除效果,对喷洒后第21天采收的青菜中4种农药的平均去除率达63.90%,而市售果蔬清洗剂和自来水的平均去除率仅为44.88%和20.76%。鉴于微乳型果蔬清洗剂良好的增溶性和渗透性,适合于蔬果表皮内部以及疏水性农药残留的去除。

关键词: 微乳液, 果蔬清洗剂, 农药残留, 表面活性剂

Abstract:

The removal effect of microemulusion fruit and vegetable detergents on pesticide residue on vegetable surface was studied. The mixed pesticides containing acephate, omethoate, trichlorfon and cyhalothrin were sprayed on the surface of green vegetables. Then, the vegetables were collected on the 3rd, 7th, 14th, and 21th days after spraying, and washed with the microemulsion detergent, commercially available vegetable and fruit detergent for removing pesticide residue and tap water, respectively. The residues of four pesticides in green vegetable samples were determined. The removal effects of the three cleaning agents on different pesticides and pesticides at different harvest time were evaluated. It is found that with the extension of the harvest time of spraying pesticide, the four pesticide residues in green vegetables decreased to varying degrees, but the cleaning efficiency decreased significantly. Microemulsion fruit and vegetable detergent have good removal effect on all of the four pesticides. The average removal rate of four pesticides in vegetables harvested on the 21st day after spraying is 63.90%, while the average removal rate of commercial vegetable and fruit detergent and tap water is only 44.88% and 20.76%, respectively. Owing to highly hydrophobic solubility and penetrability, the microemulsion detergent was suitable for removal of the highly hydrophobic pesticides and those penetrated into the organic outermost cuticle layer. In view of the good solubilization and permeability of the microemulsion fruit and vegetable detergents, it is suitable for the removal of hydrophobic pesticide residues in the surface of vegetables and fruits.

Key words: microemulsion, fruit and vegetable detergent, pesticide residues, surfactant

中图分类号:

TQ423

刘冬,张云,商朦,倪鑫炯,曹玉华. 微乳型果蔬清洗剂去除农药残留的研究[J]. 日用化学工业, 2019, 49(12): 795-800.

LIU Dong,ZHANG Yun,SHANG Meng,NI Xin-jiong,CAO Yu-hua. Study on removal of pesticide residues by microemulsion fruit and vegetable detergents[J]. China Surfactant Detergent & Cosmetics, 2019, 49(12): 795-800.

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农药化合物	保留时间/min	定量离子m/z	定性离子m/z
乙酰甲胺磷	7.591	136	136、94、42
氧乐果	10.582	110	110、156、79
敌百虫	12.427	109	109、79、185
氯氟氰菊酯	21.866	181	181、197、208

农药化合物	线性方程	相关系数R²	线性范围/（mg·L^-1）	检出限/（mg·kg^-1）	定量限/（mg·kg^-1）
乙酰甲胺磷	A =1.22×10⁵ρ-1.44×10⁵	0.997	2.0~100	0.000 4	0.001 3
氧乐果	A =2.30×10⁵ρ-6.28×10⁵	0.992	5.0~100	0.000 6	0.002 0
敌百虫	A =7.46×10⁴ρ + 4.43×10³	1.000	0.2~100	0.000 4	0.001 3
氯氟氰菊酯	A =1.56×10⁵ρ-2.45×10⁴	0.998	0.2~100	0.004 0	0.013 3