化妆品中新污染物的研究现状及展望

doi:10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2025.10.013

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

化妆品中新污染物的检出给我国化妆品安全保障带来了全新挑战，亟待应对和解决。目前，大部分研究都是从生态层面对新污染物进行风险分析，很少有研究专门评估化妆品中新污染物的相关风险。该综述通过出台的国内外法律法规和各种已公开数据，揭示新污染物于化妆品危害的现状。在此基础上，提出四个方面的建议：一是建立新污染物风险评价体系；二是加强顶层设计，完善评估检测系统；三是增强科学技术支撑；四是绿色产品及替代成分创新。有望突破对化妆品中已知风险物质的靶向分析和未知风险物质的非靶向筛查，前瞻性识别出化妆品中需优先关注的新污染物，最大程度保障化妆品安全，为公众健康保驾护航。

关键词: 化妆品, 新污染物, 风险筛查, 安全

Abstract:

The detection of new pollutants in cosmetics has brought new challenges to the safety of cosmetics in China, which needs to be dealt with and solved urgently. At present, most of the studies are risk analysis of new pollutants from the ecological level, and few studies have specifically assessed the risks associated with new pollutants in cosmetics. In order to fill this gap, the health risks of residual new pollutants in cosmetics are qualitatively analyzed. This review reveals the current status of new pollutants in cosmetics hazards through the introduction of domestic and foreign laws and regulations and various published data, and summarizes the pre-treatment process and related instrumental analysis results of new pollutant screening in cosmetics. On this basis, four suggestions are put forward: the first is to enrich the risk assessment system; the second is to strengthen the top-level design and improve the evaluation and detection system; the third is to enhance scientific and technological support; fourthly, the innovative application of green products and alternative components is promoted. It is expected to enable breakthroughs in the targeted analysis of known risk substances and the non-targeted screening of unknown risk substances in cosmetics. Thereby, prospectively identify priority emerging contaminants, provide data support for promoting the safety risk assessment of cosmetics, and constantly improve the risk screening methods of cosmetics. It ensures the safety of cosmetics to the greatest extent and escort public health.

Key words: cosmetics, emerging contaminant, risk screening, safety

中图分类号:

TQ658

付林瑞,王海燕,路勇. 化妆品中新污染物的研究现状及展望[J]. 日用化学工业（中英文）, 2025, 55(10): 1323-1332.

Linrui Fu,Haiyan Wang,Yong Lu. Research status and prospect of new pollutants in cosmetics[J]. China Surfactant Detergent & Cosmetics, 2025, 55(10): 1323-1332.

图/表 4

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名称	CAS号	欧盟SCCS意见
二苯酮-3	131-57-7	非气雾产品限值6%，包括气雾剂在内的体用产品限值2.2%
奥克立林	6197-30-4	气雾类产品限值9%，其他类限值10%
胡莫柳酯	118-56-9	仅适用面部产品，限值7.34%
4-甲基苄亚基樟脑	36861-47-9	禁用
羟苯丙酯	94-13-3	在化妆品中用作防腐剂时最大安全浓度为0.14%
三氯生	3380-34-5	牙膏、洗手皂、沐浴露/沐浴香皂、除臭剂（非喷雾型）、粉饼和遮瑕膏、美甲前使用的洗甲液，0.3%
三氯卡班	101-20-2	除漱口水以外的化妆品，0.2%
间苯二酚	108-46-3	发露和香波化妆品使用时最大允许浓度为0.5%，氧化性染发产品化妆品使用时最大允许浓度为1.25%
水杨酸苄酯	118-58-1	淋洗类身体产品1.3%，驻留类皮肤和头发产品0.5%，面部彩妆产品和卸妆产品0.2%
丁羟甲苯	128-37-0	在除牙膏（0.1%）和漱口水（0.001%）以外的其他驻留类和淋洗类产品中，最大安全浓度为0.8%
曲酸	501-30-4	作为化妆品美白剂使用时最大安全浓度为0.7%
二苯酮	119-61-9
染料木黄酮	446-72-0	在化妆品中最大安全浓度为0.007%
大豆苷元	486-66-8	在化妆品中最大安全浓度为0.02%

编号	样品名称	产品类型
1	山茶花氨基酸净颜乳	洁面乳
2	珍珠胶原小分子玻尿酸持妆粉底液	粉底液
3	氨基酸净爽控油洁面乳	洁面乳
4	茶树精油净颜控油洁面乳	洁面乳
5	温和洁面啫喱	洁面啫喱
6	美白洁面乳	洁面乳
7	清透粉底液	粉底液
8	鱼子酱蛋白金眼霜	眼霜
9	氨基酸泡沫洁面乳	洁面乳
10	光透莹润粉底液	粉底液

化合物名称	检测结果/（ng/L）
化合物名称	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10
PFBA	216	331	44.7	45.1	34.8	75.6	348	24.4	29	952
PFMPA	<1	<1	<1	<1	<1	<1	<1	<1	2.4	<1
PFPeA	15.8	6.7	7.5	1.8	3.1	1.1	3.0	2.8	3.8	2.6
PFBS	35.9	12.3	46.0	19.8	4.5	195	<1	1.4	14.8	1.2
PFMBA	<1	<1	<1	<1	<1	<1	<1	<1	<1	<1
PFEESA	<1	<1	<1	<1	<1	<1	<1	<1	<1	<1
NFDHA	4.8	<1	<1	<1	<1	<1	<1	<1	<1	<1
4-2 FTSA	<1	<1	<1	<1	<1	<1	<1	<1	<1	<1
PFHxA	15.9	22.6	22.9	17.5	23.4	16.4	8.9	14.7	5.5	7.1
PFPeS	6.3	<1	35.6	<1	<1	26.5	<1	<1	<1	<1
HFPO-DA	<1	1.4	1.1	<1	1.0	<1	<1	<1	<1	<1
PFHxS	17.6	13.5	11.2	12.0	17.6	13.7	1.2	1.2	3.9	1.5
DONA	<1	<1	<1	<1	<1	<1	<1	<1	<1	<1
6-2 FTSA	1.4	<1	<1	1.1	1.0	<1	1.3	<1	1.0	<1
PFOA	51.8	71.4	36.9	58.6	87.5	822	607	492	368	447
PFHpS	<1	<1	<1	<1	<1	<1	<1	<1	<1	<1
PFNA	<1	3.4	<1	<1	1.6	1.8	2.8	2.7	3.0	2.3
PFOS	3.0	2.8	<1	3.7	2.7	<1	<1	<1	99.7	<1
PFOSA	<1	<1	<1	<1	<1	<1	<1	<1	<1	<1
9Cl-PF3ON	<1	<1	<1	<1	<1	<1	<1	<1	<1	<1
8-2 FTSA	<1	<1	<1	<1	<1	<1	<1	<1	<1	<1
PFNS	36.0	<1	2.1	5.6	3.8	<1	2.6	1.9	<1	5.3
PFDA	5.5	2.2	<1	1.1	1.8	<1	7.8	5.9	4.8	4.8
N-MeFOS	<1	<1	<1	<1	<1	<1	<1	<1	<1	<1
PFDS	<1	12.8	<1	24.6	1.9	3.2	1.8	5.8	1.3	11.6
PFUnDA	<1	2.0	<1	1.2	2.9	<1	2.8	2.8	<1	2.0
N-EtFOSA	<1	<1	<1	<1	<1	<1	<1	<1	<1	<1
11Cl-PF3O	<1	<1	<1	<1	<1	<1	<1	<1	<1	<1
PFDoDA	1.6	2.2	<1	<1	1.9	<1	1.5	1.8	<1	1.8
PFDoS	<1	<1	<1	<1	<1	<1	<1	<1	<1	<1
PFTrDA	1.7	4.6	<1	1.0	<1	<1	1.5	<1	<1	<1
PFTDA	4.4	3.9	<1	3.2	4.0	<1	<1	<1	2.0	2.6
PFHxDA	<1	<1	<1	<1	<1	<1	<1	<1	<1	<1

类别	总批次	不合格批次	问题发现率/%
淋洗类	50	0	0
牙膏	10	0	0
驻留类	20	0	0
总计	80	0	0