Table of Content

22 April 2014, Volume 44 Issue 4 Previous Issue    Next Issue

Basic research

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Synthesis and properties of ethoxylated sulfobetaine and ethoxylated amine oxide ZHANG Hui-nian, HOU Li-ya, LIU Xue-feng 2014, 44 (4):  181-185.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2014.04.041 Abstract ( 245 )   PDF (888KB) ( 460 )   Ethoxylated (3) N,N-dimethyl-N-dodecyl amine oxide (C12EO3AO) and ethoxylated (3) sulfobetaine (C12EO3SBe) were synthesized by the reaction of N,N-dimethyl-N-dodecyl polyoxyethylene (3) amine with H2O2 and 1,3-propanesultone respectively.The cmc of C12EO3AO and C12EO3SBe was measured by Du Nouy ring method as 6.03×10-5 and 7.80×10-5 mol·L-1 respectively,at 25 ℃.Comparing to compounds with similar chemical structure dodecyl dimethyl amine oxide (C12AO) and dodecyl dimethyl sulfobetaine (C12SBe),the cmc of C12EO3AO and C12EO3SBe is one order of magnitude lowered.The salt tolerance and the resistance to hard water of C12EO3AO and C12EO3SBe are similar to that of C12AO and C12SBe.However,the foaming power,wetting power and lime soap dispersing power of C12EO3AO and C12EO3SBe are enhanced significantly. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Synthesis and kinetics of butyl hexanoate catalyzed by H3PW12O40/PANI LI Xiang, DING Bin, HAO Feng-ling, GUAN Chang, WANG Hai-dong, LIU Qun 2014, 44 (4):  186-189.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2014.04.042 Abstract ( 219 )   PDF (773KB) ( 324 )   Synthesis of butyl hexanoate from hexanoic acid and n-butanol on H3PW12O40/PANI was studied.Effects of reaction conditions,such as molar ratio of n-butanol to hexanoic acid,catalyst dosage and reaction time as well as the reusability of the catalyst were investigated.The kinetic data of this system were measured in a batch reactor.The optimum reaction conditions were obtained as:n(n-butanol)∶n(hexanoic acid)=4∶1;H3PW12O40/PANI dosage,8% of the total mass of n-butanol and hexanoic acid;reaction time,5 h at temperature less than 126 ℃.The results showed that conversion of hexanoic acid can reach 98.88%;the conversion rate in the repeated operation remains above 98.46%;activity of the catalyst remains at 97.97% conversion after reuse of 4 times.The synthesis of butyl hexanoate is a second-order reaction on H3PW12O40/PANI.The apparent activation energy is 21.87 kJ·mol-1,and the pre-exponential factor is 1.636 L·mol-1·min-1. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Lecture of science and technology

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Performance and applications of surfactants (Ⅳ) Surfactant vesicles and their applications ZHAO Li, XU Bao-cai 2014, 44 (4):  190-195.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2014.04.043 Abstract ( 455 )   PDF (1515KB) ( 551 )   Firstly,the structures and formation of vesicles were presented,and then surfactant vesicle systems that commonly appear were introduced.The basic properties of vesicle systems and regular measures used in research work with respect to vesicle systems were expounded.Finally,the applications of surfactant vesicles in changing reaction microenvironment,preparation of nano-materials and as drug carrier were summarized. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Development and application

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Synthesis and performance of tri-quaternary ammonium salt with ethoxy-fatty alcohol group WANG Lei-lei, WANG Yuan, XUE Yong-qiang, CUI Zi-xiang, WANG Min 2014, 44 (4):  196-199.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2014.04.044 Abstract ( 269 )   PDF (800KB) ( 458 )   Firstly,sodium alkoxide was prepared by fatty alcohol ethoxylate and metal sodium,and polyethoxy glyceride was formed by sodium alkoxide and epoxy chloropropane.Then the tri-quaternary ammonium salt was obtained by the reaction of polyethoxy glyceride with pentamethyldiethylenetriamine under acidic condition.Structure of the product was characterized by infrared spectroscopy (IR),and its properties such as solubility,critical micelle concentration,surface tension and foam performance were measured.The results showed:the tri-quaternary ammonium salt has good solubility and high surface activity.Temperature has no virtual effect on its foaming properties and foaming stability.Condition pH has no big influence on foaming properties of the product,but its foaming stability is rather influenced by pH.The product shows good stability in hard water. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of NaOH on interfacial tension between heavy alkylbenzene sulfonates aqueous solution and oil LIU Bi-xin, HOU Ji-rui, ZHANG Ning 2014, 44 (4):  200-203.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2014.04.045 Abstract ( 244 )   PDF (883KB) ( 486 )   Using acid-free nonane as oil phase,experiments were conducted to study the effect of NaOH dosage on the interfacial tension of heavy alkylbenzene sulfonates aqueous solution/oil system.Interfacial tension test results showed that,the interfacial tension decreases with increase of NaOH mass fraction.When the mass fraction of heavy alkylbenzene sulfonates is 0.3% and the mass fraction of NaOH is 0.8%,the oil-water interfacial tension could achieve an ultra low value (10-3 mN·m-1 order of magnitude).Using dynamic light scattering experiments,the effect of NaOH on reduction of interfacial tension were examined.NaOH could turn the heavy alkylbenzene sulfonic acids that has poor water solubility into heavy alkylbenzene sulfonates,and more surfactant molecules could be released from the mixed micelles and migrate to the interface,which is favorable to further reduction of the interfacial tension. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of coded orthogonal test design in optimization of cleaning process of PET bottles LIU Xu-feng, GUO Jun-wang 2014, 44 (4):  204-207.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2014.04.046 Abstract ( 261 )   PDF (775KB) ( 507 )   Laboratory tests were organized by adopting coded orthogonal test design.Based upon effects of mass concentration of each components (AES,AEO9 and NaOH) in the cleaning agent as well as the operating temperature,via linear regression,effects of all single factor items,interaction items as well as all square items were studied.The P value of the regression results showed that z2 (AEO9 mass concentration) is the most important one,followed by z1 (AES mass concentration),z1′ (the square of AES mass concentration),z4 (temperature),z1z2,z2z4 and z3z4 (the interaction between NaOH mass concentration and temperature).Since all interaction items and square items influence the cleaning performance via single items,the sequence of importance is AEO9 mass concentration,AES mass concentration,temperature and NaOH mass concentration.The optimization of the regression equation indicated that the optimized conditions are:AES 4.0 g·L-1,AEO9 6.9 g·L-1,NaOH 12.8 g·L-1,and temperature 35.5 ℃,and the predicted cleaning time is about 5 s. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study of formulation of soap base face cleanser HE Qiu-xing, ZHANG Zhi-ping, LIN Hao-xiu, LI Yao-zhao, XIE Zhi-hui 2014, 44 (4):  208-213.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2014.04.047 Abstract ( 484 )   PDF (832KB) ( 646 )   The influencing factors in formula design of soap base face cleanser,such as the varieties of fatty acids,fatty acid content,neutralization degree and operation process were studied.By means of the sensory evaluation of appearance,foam,spreading performance as well as the degreasing performance measured with SK-IV digital skin moisture oil detector,the various factors that influencing the quality of face cleanser product were comprehensively assessed.Then the formulation of the face cleanser product was identified and the formulation provides the theoretical basis of the development of the product.Laboratory test results showed that soap base face cleanser formula should be based on myristic acid and stearic acid as main materials,and total fatty acid content is 30%;the neutralization degree is 82%;glycerin and propylene glycol are to be blended;content of surfactants AES and CAB is 2% and 6% respectively;emulsifier is monoglycerides,with dosage of 1%;saponification time is 1 h under 85 ℃.After the slow natural cooling,the best product could be obtained. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Influence of addition grape seed oil on performance of shampoo LI Xue-feng, HU Ya-li, OUYANG Yu-zhu 2014, 44 (4):  214-217.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2014.04.048 Abstract ( 332 )   PDF (812KB) ( 356 )   Moisturizing properties,antioxidant activity and hydroxyl radical scavenging ability of shampoo with addition grape seed oil were investigated through measuring water loss ratio,peroxide value and hydroxyl free radical scavenging ratio.Results showed that moisture retention of 2 g of shampoo adding 6 mL of grape seed oil at 30 ℃ heating for 12 h increases 19.56% in comparison with that no grape seed oil added.The peroxide value of the shampoo added grape seed oil decreases 22.34% and 25.54% in comparison with that no addition of grape seed oil under ultraviolet ray irradiation and 45 ℃ heating for 5 h respectively.The hydroxyl free radical scavenging ratio of shampoo added grape seed oil is 5.08 times in comparison with that no addition. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Inhibitory effect of taxifolin in Larix olgensis on tyrosinase FU Jing-hui, CHAI Jing, HAN Jia-tong, LIU Wen-cong 2014, 44 (4):  218-221.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2014.04.049 Abstract ( 311 )   PDF (816KB) ( 439 )   Taking L-DOPA as substrate,arbutin and BHT as positive controls,the inhibitory effect on tyrosinase of the taxifolin in Larix olgensis was studied and compared with that in Larix gmelini.Results showed that,when the mass concentration of taxifolin is 0.001-0.01 g·L-1,the inhibitory effect of taxifolin in Larix olgensis is higher than that in Larix gmelini on tyrosinase.For Larix olgensis,under low mass concentration range condition,the higher purity of taxifolin,the stronger inhibitory effect on tyrosinase;while under high mass concentration range condition,the higher purity of taxifolin,the weaker inhibitory effect on tyrosinase.Taxifolin in Larix olgensis shows competitive inhibition mechanism for tyrosinase with an inhibition constant KI of 0.017. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Reviews

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Progress in research work with respect to multiple emulsions LI Fang-fang, JIA Hong-jiao, TIAN Yong-hong, ZHANG Wan-ping 2014, 44 (4):  222-225.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2014.04.050 Abstract ( 398 )   PDF (1010KB) ( 643 )   Status of research work with respect to structure,preparation method and instability mechanism of multiple emulsions were summarized.In connection with the formulation and preparation technologies,effects of kinds of the emulsifier,oil to water ratio,temperature,stirring speed,inorganic salt and rheological adjusting agent on the stability of the multiple emulsions were summed up.Applications of multiple emulsions in food,medicine and cosmetic fields were briefed.With the theoretical and technological development of enhancing the stability of the structure of multiple emulsions,the multiple emulsions could be widely used in various fields. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Progress in research work with respect to analysis method for composition of skin lipids WANG Qi, LIU Xiang-hui, JIA Xiao-fan, SONG Li-ya, JIA Yan, HE Cong-fen 2014, 44 (4):  226-230.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2014.04.051 Abstract ( 368 )   PDF (812KB) ( 560 )   Source and main components of skin lipids were summarized.Meanwhile,important functions endowed by the skin lipids to human skin,such as skin barrier,moisturizing et al were briefed.Several methods for analysis and appraisal of composition of skin lipids were presented.Current potential research work orientations with respect to skin lipids was put forwarded in order to provide theoretical basis for development of skincare and/or hair care products to help the resolution of problems caused by hypersecretion and/or hyposecretion of skin lipids. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Analytical methods and testing

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Determination of toxicity of formaldehyde in cosmetics by the method using luminescent bacteria Virbrio qinghaiensis sp.-Q67 ZHANG Lin, ZHANG Peng, ZOU Yong-ping, ZHOU Yuan-yuan, WANG Lei, FU Fang-fang, ZHAO Yu 2014, 44 (4):  231-233.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2014.04.052 Abstract ( 246 )   PDF (764KB) ( 326 )   Luminescent bacteria Virbrio qinghaiensis sp.-Q67 was used as detection living body to assess the toxicity of formaldehyde in cosmetics.Via the determination test,it was found that following the increase of mass concentration of formaldehyde as well as the extension of action time,the relative luminous intensity of Virbrio qinghaiensis sp.-Q67 reduces gradually.Results showed that when the action time is 15 min,the fitting curve for effect of formaldehyde on Virbrio qinghaiensis sp.-Q67 displays better linearity.The half-efficient concentration value is 0.033 g·L-1.The low detection limit value is 0.01 g·L-1. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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A high performance liquid chromatography method for determination of adenosine in cosmetics YU Hai-ying, HUANG Ping, LI Qi-yan, DONG Peng, LI Jun-jie 2014, 44 (4):  234-236.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2014.04.053 Abstract ( 342 )   PDF (785KB) ( 380 )   A high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for determination of adenosine in cosmetics was established.Cosmetic samples were extracted with saturated NaCl aqueous solution as solvent under assistance of ultrasonic wave,and the adenosine was detected by HPLC-diode array detector.Results showed that as the mass concentration of adenosine solution ranges within 0.388 3-64.72 mg·L-1,the peak area vs.mass concentration shows good linearity with correlation coefficient r=1.000 0.The limit of detection is 0.000 1%.The recovery of adenosine in two kinds of base material,cream base and emulsion liquid base is 92.3%-94.6% and 95.4%-98.8% respectively.The intra- and inter-day precisions are 0.9% and 2.4% respectively. References | Related Articles | Metrics