Table of Content

22 September 2017, Volume 47 Issue 9 Previous Issue    Next Issue

Basic research

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Study on performance and mechanism of anaerobic biodegradation of alkylethoxyglucosides ZHANG Guang-liang, DONG Qing-bin, ZHAO Yong-hong, FENG Yu 2017, 47 (9):  481-486.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2017.09.001 Abstract ( 258 )   PDF (1219KB) ( 277 )   With “Test method for anaerobic biodegradability of organic materials” (GB/T 27857-2011) as reference,and under simulated anaerobic laboratory conditions,the primary and ultimate anaerobic biodegradability performance of alkylethoxyglucosides (AEG) were measured separately by anthrone colorimetric method and TOC method respectively.Results show that even if the initial mass concentration of AEG reaches 100 mg/L,the primary degradation extent can achieve more than 90%,and when the initial mass concentration is 40 mg/L,the ultimate anaerobic degradation extent can achieve 88.5%.The biodegradation mechanism of AEG is studied with the application of GC-MS,and the result shows that the first step is the cleavage of the ether-glucoside bond with the formation of glucose and AEO,and the next step is the degradation of AEO molecule from the terminal EO,with the releasing of alcohol molecule.Finally they convert to carbon dioxide,methane and water. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Lecture of science and technology

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Synthesis and application of ionic liquid surfactants (Ⅸ) Bactericidal performance WANG Ping, YANG Xu-zhao, ZOU Wen-yuan, XU Qing-jie, WANG Jun 2017, 47 (9):  487-491.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2017.09.002 Abstract ( 352 )   PDF (896KB) ( 322 )   Ionic liquid surfactants display excellent bactericidal performance and broad spectrum against microorganism,such as cocci,rods and fungi.The ionic liquid surfactants containing structural group such as imidazole,pyridine,quinoline and pyrrolidone display better bactericidal performance than the traditional cationic surfactants containing quaternary nitrogen.The bactericidal performance of ionic liquid surfactants considerably depends on the number of carbon atom in the alkyl group.The optimum range of number of carbon atoms in the alkyl group is C12~14.The bactericidal performance of ionic liquid surfactants with different anions is similar.Ionic liquid surfactants display potent,broad spectrum antibiofilm activity. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Development and application

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Study on the surface performance of cardanol polyoxyethylene ether ZHAO Xue-hua, HUANG Zhong-rui, KANG Wen-qian, WANG Li-min, CHE Fei, ZHAI Zhao-kai 2017, 47 (9):  492-496.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2017.09.003 Abstract ( 477 )   PDF (815KB) ( 449 )   Surface activity of cardanol polyoxyethylene ether BGF-10 and the effects of different additives on the surface activity were studied.Results show that the critical micelle concentration (cmc) of BGF-10 is 6.09×10-6 mol/L,and the lowest surface tension (γcmc) is 38.08 mN/m at 25 ℃.Moreover,BGF-10 displays a better resistance to hard water and a strong salt tolerance to monovalent inorganic salts.With the increase of concentration of divalent inorganic salt,the surface activity of BGF-10 is enhanced.Monohydric alcohol can reduce the surface tension of BGF-10.The ability of BGF-10 to form micelles increases in the beginning and then decreases with the increase of monohydric alcohol concentration.BGF-10 displays a synergistic effect with other surfactants,especially with hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB),and its cmc synergizes upto 2.52%,while the γcmc synergizes upto 11.49%.BGF-10 displays a good emulsifying power for paraffin oil,as well as both thickening and defoaming performance. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of dodecyl hydroxypropyl sulfobetaine on adhesion of Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilm formation bacteria DUAN Qiang-jun, HUA Si-qi, GUAN Yan 2017, 47 (9):  497-501.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2017.09.004 Abstract ( 211 )   PDF (7697KB) ( 153 )   An investigation of inhibitory effects of surfactant dodecyl hydroxypropyl sulfobetaine (DSB) against adhesion of Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilm formation bacteria was conducted in order to find possible new research direction and treatment method of S.epidermidis biofilm bacteria associated infection.Vancomycin is applied as positive control,XTT reduction assay is used to evaluate the effect of DSB on the initial adhesion of S.epidermidis.The presented results show that DSB displays a significantly inhibitory effect on the initial adhesion of S.epidermidis at the mass concentration of 64 mg/L.After the experimental starting materials are pretreated by DSB at the mass concentration of 512,256 and 128 mg/L,the initial adhesion of S.epidermidis is significantly inhibited.Therefore,experimental results indicate that DSB has an significantly inhibitory effects on the initial adhesion in the process of biofilm formation of S.epidermidis. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on the synthesis of a novel nonionic surfactant and its effect on deinking of coated paper DING Xi, ZHANG Chang-hui, YOU Qun-jie, LIU Tao, MA Yan 2017, 47 (9):  502-507.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2017.09.005 Abstract ( 323 )   PDF (1675KB) ( 353 )   Using lauryl alcohol polyoxyethylene ether (AEO) and isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) as raw materials,a novel nonionic surfactant AEO-IPDI-AEO (AIA) was synthesized and used for the deinking of recovered waste coated paper.The optimum conditions for synthesis of AIA were examined with whiteness and residual ink concentration as criteria.The structures of the products were characterized by FT-IR and 1H NMR.The AIA product was blended with other surfactants to examine the deinking effect of blend deinking agent.Results show that the better synthesis conditions of AIA are:n(AEO7)∶n(IPDI)=2∶1;reaction temperature,(60±2) ℃;reaction time,2 h.The deinking effect of deinking system achieves the best at pH=8.The structural characterization shows that the synthesized product is the target product.Compared with commercial deinking agents,AIA deinking agent displays better deinking effect on coated paper;while for newsprint and typing paper,the deinking effect shows no difference.Test result for blend of AIA and sodium fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sulfate according to the mass ratio of 1∶2 shows that the coated paper whiteness reaches 71.9%,and the concentration of residual ink is only 58.5 mm2/m2.Similarly,test result for blend of AIA and nonylphenol polyoxyethylene ether at a mass ratio of 1∶2 shows that the coated paper whiteness reaches 71.3%,and the concentration of residual ink is only 61.4 mm2/m2. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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An in vitro model for evaluation of the anti-dandruff performance of hair care products CHEN Mo, JIANG Dan, HUANG Liang, ZHANG Li-ping 2017, 47 (9):  508-511.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2017.09.006 Abstract ( 402 )   PDF (851KB) ( 433 )   An in vitro model for evaluation of the anti-dandruff performance of hair care products was established.In this model,Malassezia was used as indicator bacteria with pig skin as substrate.This model includes the following steps:pretreatment of the substrate;inoculation of indicator bacteria;measurement of the bacteriostatic efficacy by plate contact method;calculation of the effective index P;evaluation of the anti-dandruff performance by the effective index P.Three kinds of anti-dandruff agent,BPT,ZPT and OCT were tested with the model.Results show that the order for antibacterial efficacy of the anti-dandruff agents with mass fraction range of 0.1%~2.0% is BPT>ZPT>OCT.Evaluation results of hair shampoo from commercial market show that:one displays no anti-dandruff efficacy;three displays medium anti-dandruff efficacy;two displays strong anti-dandruff efficacy. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Preparation and efficacy evaluation of a human-skin whitening cream WAN Jin-jin, LIU Rui-xue, LENG Qun-ying, CHEN Xiao-fang 2017, 47 (9):  512-516.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2017.09.007 Abstract ( 612 )   PDF (918KB) ( 661 )   Tranexamic acid,nicotinamide,potassium 4-methoxysalicylate and Glycyrrhiza glabra (licorice) root extract were used as the main whitening active ingredients to prepare a human-skin whitening cream.The prepared human-skin whitening cream is uniform,no granulous feeling,delicate and smooth,with good consistency and stability.The whitening effect was evaluated by 3D melanin skin model in vitro test and volunteer's human-skin test.The results of 3D melanin skin model in vitro test show that the prepared human-skin whitening cream displays significant inhibitory effect on the synthesis or transfer of melanin,which indicates that it has excellent whitening effect in vitro.Human-skin test results show that the skin melanin content (MI value) of the volunteer's skin is significantly reduced,and their skin whiteness (L* value) and brightness (ITA° value) are increased after using the prepared human-skin whitening cream for 4 weeks,indicating that the prepared human-skin whitening cream displays a good effect. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Protective effects of virgin coconut oil extracts on oxidative damage of human skin fibroblasts cells induced by H2O2 SONG Fei, WANG Hui, TANG Min-min, SHEN Xiao-jun, ZHANG Yu-feng, DENG Fu-ming 2017, 47 (9):  517-521.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2017.09.008 Abstract ( 331 )   PDF (1954KB) ( 368 )   The human skin fibroblasts (HSF) cell morphology was observed by inverted biological microscope,the cell viability was detected by MTT method,and the intracellular ROS level,the intracellular total antioxidation capacity and the activity of antioxidation enzyme (SOD,CAT and GSH-Px) were examined for investigating the protective effects of virgin coconut oil extracts on oxidative damage of HSF cells induced by H2O2.Results show that the virgin coconut oil extracts could protect HSF cells from oxidative damage induced by H2O2 at mass concentration range of 12.5 to 50 mg/L with a concentration dependent manner.Virgin coconut oil extracts could inhibit the cell morphological damage induced by H2O2 and improve the survival rate of the cells.In addition,virgin coconut oil extracts could protect HSF cells from oxidative damage induced by oxidative stress through decreasing the intracellular ROS level,increasing intracellular total antioxidant capacity and the enzyme activity of SOD,CAT and GSH-Px. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Bacteriostasis of di-potassium glycyrrhizate in toothpaste CHEN Gang, XU Hai-yan, LUO Peng 2017, 47 (9):  522-525.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2017.09.009 Abstract ( 807 )   PDF (769KB) ( 390 )   Minimum inhibitory concentration of di-potassium glycyrrhizate on Porphyromonas gingivalis was tested and determined.Meanwhile,effectiveness of the toothpaste formulated with 0.2% di-potassium glycyrrhizate on Porphyromonas gingivalis as well as the influence on inflammation of pinnae of mice induced by xylene were examined.Experimental results show that di-potassium glycyrrhizate displays inhibitory effect on Porphyromonas gingivalis,and the minimum inhibitory concentration is 1.875 g/L.Average diameter of circle of scope of bacteriostasis of the toothpaste formulated with 0.2% di-potassium glycyrrhizate on Porphyromonas gingivalisis is 20.5 mm.Furthermore,test conducted at the anti-inflammatory model of the pinnae of mice induced by xylene shows that,the toothpaste formulated with 0.2% di-potassium glycyrrhizate is more effective than the positive control fluocinonide ointment. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Review

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Recent development in synthesis technology for imidazoline amphoteric sodium acetate GUAN Hui-lei 2017, 47 (9):  526-531.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2017.09.010 Abstract ( 403 )   PDF (877KB) ( 517 )   Synthesis process of imidazoline amphoteric sodium acetate in the aqueous phase was summarized.The synthesis methods and the influencing factors refer to imidazoline intermediate as well as the hydrolysis of imidazoline intermediate with cycle formula structure were introduced.Meanwhile,the possibly existing formula structures of imidazoline amphoteric sodium acetate and the reaction conditions of imidazoline intermediate and sodium monochloroacetate were described emphatically.Then,the influencing factors refer to the viscosity and stability of imidazoline amphoteric sodium acetate were discussed. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Analytical methods and testing

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Determination of four kinds of preservatives in cosmetics by high performance liquid chromatograph LIU Yun-feng, ZHAO Jing-lin, ZHANG Jia-ling, NIU Na, QIAO Zeng-jie, WANG Ming-xiu 2017, 47 (9):  532-535.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2017.09.011 Abstract ( 349 )   PDF (809KB) ( 338 )   A method for the determination of four kinds of preservatives (dehydroacetic acid,chlorphenesin,phenyl 4-hydroxybenzoate and benzyl 4-hydroxybenzoate) in cosmetics by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was established.A Diamonsil C18 column (250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm) was used with methanol-0.1% formic acid solution as the mobile phase under the condition of gradient elution.Samples were extracted with methanol-water solution with assistance of ultrasonic wave for 30 min,and the samples were detected by VWD detector.Results show that the four kinds of preservatives are baseline separated in12.5 min.All correlation coefficients (r) are more than 0.998,with the average recoveries range from 88.5% to 102.7%.The intra-day precision (RSD) values are below 3.1% and inter-day precision (RSD) values are below 3.7%. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Determination of five kinds of prohibited coumarin derivatives in cosmetics using ambient ionization coupled with ion mobility spectrometry YAN Meng-meng, GUO Xiang-yu, MENG Xian-shuang, BAI Hua, LEI Hai-min, MA Qiang 2017, 47 (9):  536-540.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2017.09.012 Abstract ( 265 )   PDF (1314KB) ( 319 )   A rapid analytical method was established for the quick screening of five kinds of prohibited coumarin derivatives in cosmetics using ambient ionization coupled with ion mobility spectrometry.Without any pretreatment procedure,cosmetic samples of lotion,lipstick and powder were directly loaded onto a Grade 3MM chromatography paper and extraction solvent was added for paper spray ionization;cosmetic samples of cream and shampoo were loaded with a metal microelectrode and inserted into glass capillary that was pre-filled with extraction solvent for extraction nano-electrospray analysis.Results show that,the limits of detection for the five kinds of coumarin derivatives are 1-2.25 mg/kg.The instrumental analysis time for a single ion mobility spectrometry run is less than 13 ms,and the total period for sample analysis is less than 30 s.The suspicious positive samples are subjected to further verification by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). References | Related Articles | Metrics