Table of Content

22 October 2017, Volume 47 Issue 10 Previous Issue    Next Issue

Basic research

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Investigation on viscosity characteristics of aqueous polyethylene glycol-sodium dodecylsulfate solution WANG Wang-song, WU Ye-fan, FANG Yun, HU Xue-yi 2017, 47 (10):  541-545.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2017.10.001 Abstract ( 375 )   PDF (888KB) ( 326 )   Ubbelohde viscosimetry was applied to investigate the viscosity characteristics of nonionic polymer polyethylene glycol (PEG) associated by anionic surfactant sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS) in different ratios.Double critical concentrations of PEG-SDS were obtained by the change of SDS-dependent reduced specific viscosity.Electro-viscous effect as well as the related salt shielding effect similar to a real polyelectrolyte was observed by the change of PEG-dependent reduced specific viscosity in lower concentrations of associate.Polymer coil expansion was also found in the aqueous PEG-SDS solution.The above viscosity characteristics in the PEG-SDS system are attributed to the formation of “pseudo-polyelectrolyte” by the charged SDS bound micelles associating on the PEG chain similar with the PVP-SDS system. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Lecture of science and technology

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Synthesis and application of ionic liquid surfactants (Ⅹ) Application in preparation of materials LI Ying-bin, YANG Xu-zhao, ZOU Wen-yuan, XU Qing-jie, WANG Jun 2017, 47 (10):  546-549.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2017.10.002 Abstract ( 288 )   PDF (787KB) ( 421 )   Because of the dual properties of organic solvent and excellent surface activity,ionic liquid surfactants are used as solvent,templating agent,precursor,and all-in-one in the preparation of materials.Ionic liquid surfactants have been successfully applied in the synthesis of nano materials,mesoporous material,composite material and super-molecular materials. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Development and application

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Study on thermo-rheological properties of soap-based cleanser ZHANG Chen, ZHANG Zhi-wei, WANG Liang-yuan, LUO Shao-qiang, ZHANG Zhen-hua, FANG Bo 2017, 47 (10):  550-553.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2017.10.003 Abstract ( 370 )   PDF (1740KB) ( 395 )   Rheological properties (flow rate vs.viscosity plot,thixotropy and viscoelasticity) of soap-based cleanser at three stages (discharging from the crutcher,before and after the bottle filling) were studied.Results show that the soap-based cleanser is a viscoelastic-thixotropic fluid with shear thinning property.Further,the thermo-rheology of soap-based cleanser was studied,and the plots for change of viscosity vs.temperature in heating process and complex modulus vs.temperature were obtained.Results indicate that the viscosity of the system decreases within the increase of temperature range of 5-40 ℃,then increases within the temperature range of 40-50 ℃,but decreases again within temperature range of 50-80 ℃.The plot of complex modulus vs.temperature shows that the curve of heating process does not coincide with that of the cooling process.Obviously,the soap-based cleanser system displays significant thermal thixotropy and 40 ℃ is the turning point. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Adaptability and application of surfactant for exploit of reservoir of crude oil with extra low permeability TAN Jun-ling, SHEN Yi-ding, YANG Tang-ying 2017, 47 (10):  554-557.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2017.10.004 Abstract ( 299 )   PDF (774KB) ( 306 )   In order to evaluate the adaptability of surfactant WLW for exploit of reservoir of crude oil with extra low permeability in Changqing Jingan oilfield,the imbibition characteristics,emulsion performance and interfacial tension between crude oil and the surfactant WLW solution as well as the oil displacement test using physical simulated rock core were studied in experiment and in field application.Results show that the surfactant WLW stimulates the imbibition efficiency of the injected water;when the injection mass fraction of surfactant system is 0.2%,the oil displacement efficiency will increase 5% in this low permeability reservoir,and in the range of the low permeability,the lower the permeability is,the better the surfactant improves the oil displacement efficiency.From 2011 to 2013,field test of oil well group A1 and A2 in Changqing Jingan oilfield was conducted and 4 781 t of crude oil increased.Obviously,the surfactant can enhance the oil recovery of extra low permeability reservoirs. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of pulp fiber on stability of aqueous foamed liquid YANG Xin-yan, BAI Chan-yu, LIU Yang, WANG Shuang-fei 2017, 47 (10):  558-561.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2017.10.005 Abstract ( 245 )   PDF (1130KB) ( 282 )   Effects of fibrous material of separate bleached pulp of bagasse,hardwood and softwood on the foaming power and foam stability of aqueous foamed liquid were investigated.The study on size and distribution characteristics of bubbles was highlighted by using optical microscope in combination with Image J software.Results show that aqueous foamed liquid with broader fiber length distribution displays better foaming power.In addition,aqueous foamed liquid with longer fiber length and higher ratio of poly-dispersity displays better foam stability,smaller diameter,and more uniform size distribution.Comparing the three kinds of separate pulp fiber,the foam stability of bagasse pulp foam is the lowest,follows by hardwood pulp foam,and softwood pulp foam is the highest. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on hair damage caused by polluted air environment simulated with cigarette smoke NIU Li-juan, QU Xin 2017, 47 (10):  562-567.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2017.10.006 Abstract ( 362 )   PDF (2445KB) ( 276 )   Polluted air environment was established based upon a simulating chest that filled with cigarette smoke.Bundles of healthy virgin hair and hair that exposed many times in the cigarette smoke were tested and performance compared,including carding of dry hair and wet hair,surface contact angle,tryptophan level and surface cuticle morphology.Results show that the exposure in cigarette smoke results in significant chemical damage of the hair.Especially,after exposure in the polluted environment,the hair cuticle of the healthy hair is damaged,and its keratin is degraded,which causes the hair fibers becoming more hydrophilic and tangling for carding.This method has been applied to prove that the polymer polyimide-1 can be used for protecting hair damage caused by polluted air. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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A safety evaluation method of eye irritation evaluation of cosmetic ingredients based on Bayesian Network CHEN Li, CHEN Wei, JI Wen-jun, ZHU Nai-jun, FANG Yun 2017, 47 (10):  568-572.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2017.10.007 Abstract ( 283 )   PDF (1203KB) ( 262 )   This study applied a Bayesian Network (BN) to predict eye irritation of cosmetic ingredients.It bases on the Integrated Testing Strategy (ITS) and combines evidence from different information sources such as QSAR model predictions,in vitro alternative method results and in vivo test results in order to increase the reliability of a conclusion on the eye irritation of cosmetic ingredients.The parameters of BN were calculated from an extended data set of 104 cosmetic ingredients.A detailed validation analysis and a case study of five cosmetic ingredients were carried out to demonstrate the utility of the BN for practical application.These results suggest that BN displays good predictive capacity in eye irritation of cosmetic ingredients and is of well application value as a prediction model in cosmetic safety evaluation. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on the cutaneous permeation of tetrahydrocurcumin in various formulations YE Feng, XIAO Wei-li, WEN Guo-jin, YANG Xing-dong, WANG Xue-mei 2017, 47 (10):  573-577.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2017.10.008 Abstract ( 387 )   PDF (870KB) ( 385 )   The permeability of tetrahydrocurcumin (THC) was studied through experiments in vitro percutaneous.The cumulative permeation rates (CPRs) and retention rates (RRs) in 50% aqueous ethanol,emulsion,solid lipid nanoparticles,and in which before and after adding azone were all determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).Results show that the CPRs and RRs of THC increase with permeation time.Its permeability is the strongest in 50% aqueous ethanol,and the weakest in emulsion.After adding azone,the enhancing permeation effect is the most remarkable in 50% aqueous ethanol and the least remarkable in emulsion.Comparing with no azone at the same permeation time,the CPRs in all formulations are improved significantly,and the RRs show no significant change. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Extraction performance of flavonoids with phenyl bonded silica gel JIANG Yi-yang, WANG Li-cheng 2017, 47 (10):  578-582.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2017.10.009 Abstract ( 232 )   PDF (1559KB) ( 335 )   The phenyl bonded silica gel,as a solid-phase extraction material (the sorbent) was prepared with phenyl trichlorosilane and silica gel as raw materials.Scanning electron microscopy,elemental analysis,specific surface area/pore radius analysis and infrared spectroscopy characterized the sorbent.The phenyl bonded silica gel was packed into a solid-phase extraction micro-column and its extraction ability was examined by four model flavonoids as the analysis targets.The parameters of sample loading volume,sample loading velocity,sample solution pH value,eluent type,eluent volume and eluent velocity were assessed,and the analytical method,high performance liquid chromatography was established under the optimized conditions.Results show that the established method displays wide linearities from 1 μg/L to 200 μg/L and low limits of detection at 0.25 μg/L for the four model flavonoids.The established method was also used to analyze two real samples and satisfactory results were obtained.All the experimental results show that the prepared phenyl bonded silica gel is a good solid-phase extraction material for flavonoids. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Reviews

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Application of bi-directional fermentation technology of traditional Chinese medicine in cosmetics ZUO Jin-hui, XUE Yan, DU Yi-jie, LI Li, DONG Yin-mao 2017, 47 (10):  583-587.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2017.10.010 Abstract ( 447 )   PDF (1038KB) ( 480 )   The origin,development,technical features and the application as functional materials in cosmetic industry of bi-directional fermentation technology of traditional Chinese medicine were summarized.At the same time,its application superiority advantages and existing problems in cosmetics industry were discussed.The bi-directional fermentation technology of traditional Chinese medicine in combining with modern fermentation techniques,will provide us with a new idea for the development of cosmetics with unique Chinese characteristics. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Progress with respect to safety evaluation methods for cosmetic photoirritation and photoallergy CAI Rui, HE Wen-dan, TANG Ying, PAN Yao, ZHAO Hua 2017, 47 (10):  588-592.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2017.10.011 Abstract ( 361 )   PDF (847KB) ( 506 )   The definition,differentiation and association of photoirritation and photoallergy were elucidated,and various assessment tools for evaluating cosmetic photoirritation and/or photoallergy used conventionally in domestic and international as well as the progress in this field covering various aspects such as photochemical reactions,cultured cells,tissue and orgen models,animal testing and in vivo human testing were introduced.The application scope,advantages and disadvantages of each method were compared and discussed.The development trends and challenges in the current research work on cosmetic skin photosensitivity were summarized and prospected. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Analytical methods and testing

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Determination of eight heavy metal elements in cosmetics by super microwave digestion coupled with ICP-MS HE Shuang, XUN Zhi-qing, HUANG Shao-man, LI Qiong, WU Chu-sen, YE Jia-rong 2017, 47 (10):  593-597.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2017.10.012 Abstract ( 393 )   PDF (830KB) ( 413 )   A method for determination of eight heavy metal elements including chromium,nickel,cobalt,vanadium,molybdenum,antimony,thallium and lead in various cosmetics was established by using super microwave digestion and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS).The samples were digested with nitric acid-water system under assistance of super microwave irradiation,detected by ICP-MS and quantified by external standard method.Under the optimized conditions,good linear relationships of eight heavy metals are showed within the mass concentration range of 0-100 μg/L with the correlation coefficient larger than 0.999.The detection limits of the method are not higher than 0.012 mg/kg.This method has been successfully applied to the detection and analysis of eight heavy metal elements in various kinds of cosmetics.The recoveries of the spiked samples are between 88.5%-108.5% with the relative standard deviation not more than 3.89%.This method is simple,accurate and precision,which provides an effective method for the rapid determination of eigth heavy metals in various cosmetics. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Simultaneous determination of arsenic,lead and cadmium in cosmetics by ICP-OES YANG Yong-chao, SUN Yong-ze, ZHANG Chuang, YAN Jing, ZHAO Hao-li-bao 2017, 47 (10):  598-602.  doi: 10.13218/j.cnki.csdc.2017.10.013 Abstract ( 307 )   PDF (837KB) ( 261 )   A simultaneous determination method for arsenic (As),lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) in cosmetics by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) was established.The sample was digested by nitric acid-hydrogen peroxide under the assistance of microwave irradiation.Meanwhile,the conditions of ICP-OES were optimized.The method under optimized conditions shows good linearity with the mass concentrations of the three heavy metal ions in range of 0.05-1.20 mg/L.The corresponding linear correlation coefficients for the heavy metals are all 0.999 8 with the spiked recoveries ranging within 90.7%-108.6%,and the relative standard deviation within 0.44%-4.59%(n=6).The limits of detection and quantification of As,Pb and Cd are 0.63,0.30,0.015 mg/kg and 2.1,1.0,0.05 mg/kg,respectively. References | Related Articles | Metrics