Table of Content

22 January 2025, Volume 55 Issue 1 Previous Issue    Next Issue

Invited paper

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Boron-containing copolymers as environmentally friendly lubricant additives Hua Xue, Fengchun Liang, Weili Yang, Qun He, Meirong Cai, Feng Zhou, Weifeng Bu 2025, 55 (1):  1-11.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2025.01.001 Abstract ( 144 )   HTML ( 20 )   PDF (1769KB) ( 55 )   Increasing environmental concerns about limiting harmful emissions has necessitated sulfur-and phosphorus-free green lubricant additives. Although boron-containing compounds have been widely investigated as green lubricant additives, their macromolecular analogs have been rarely considered yet to develop environmentally friendly lubricant additives. In this work, a series of boron-containing copolymers have been synthesized by free-radical copolymerization of stearyl methacrylate and isopropenyl boronic acid pinacol ester with different feeding ratios （Sn-r-Bm, n=1, m=1/3, 1, 2, 3, 5, 9）. The resulting copolymers of Sn-r-Bm （n=1, m=1/3, 1, 2, 3, 5） are readily dispersed in the PAO-10 base oil and form micelle-like aggregates with hydrodynamic diameters ranging from 9.7 to 52 nm. SRV-IV oscillating reciprocating tribological tests on ball-on-flat steel pairs show that compared with the base oil of PAO-10, the friction coefficients and wear volumes of the base oil solutions of Sn-r-Bm decrease considerably up to 62% and 97%, respectively. Moreover, the base oil solution of S1-r-B1 exhibits an excellent load-bearing capacity of （850±100） N. These superior lubricating properties are due to the formation of protective tribofilms comprising Sn-r-Bm, boron oxide, and iron oxide compounds on the lubricated steel surface. Therefore, the boron-containing copolymers can be regarded as a novel class of environmentally friendly lubricating oil macroadditives for efficient friction and wear reduction without sulfur and phosphorus elements. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Advances in polymeric materials for bio-lubrication Shida Hou, Ping Peng, Yuankang Liu, Jing Yan, Yi Yan 2025, 55 (1):  12-25.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2025.01.002 Abstract ( 130 )   HTML ( 8 )   PDF (3335KB) ( 67 )   Natural lubricants play an important role in the functions of living organisms. When the lubrication for tissue interface were lost due to various factors, exogenous lubricant material would be necessary to provide lubrication property. In this review, the types of natural lubricants and the lubrication mechanism at biological interfaces are introduced in detail. The recent research progress on the lubrication strategies for different tissue friction interfaces and on the construction of polymeric lubrication materials are reviewed. Specifically, the conformational relationships, lubrication properties, and additional biological functions of the polymeric materials used for skin moisturizing and lubrication, articular cartilage lubrication, mucosal lubrication, anti-tissue adhesion, as well as medical catheter lubrication are summarized. The unique contributions of these polymeric materials in reducing tissue friction and promoting repair of damaged tissues are emphasized. In addition, the optimization of functionality, and the practical applications of polymeric lubricant materials are prospected, which might provide guidance for the future development of polymeric materials in the field of lubrication at biological tissue interfaces. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Basic research

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Study on the foam properties of common surfactants Yanfu Zhou, Xuguang Wang, Feifei Wang 2025, 55 (1):  26-33.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2025.01.003 Abstract ( 138 )   HTML ( 16 )   PDF (1948KB) ( 77 )   In this work, 10 commonly used surfactants were selected. The surface tension of their aqueous solutions was compared, and then the properties such as foam volume, foam density and foam stability were studied by using DFA100 dynamic foam analyzer. Pearson correlation coefficient was used to clarify the correlation between those indexes of foam characteristics. The results showed that, among these 10 surfactants, sodium methyl cocoyl taurate had the best foamability. The foams of disodium cocoyl glutamate and sodium cocoyl alaninate were the densest. The foam morphology stability and foam density stability were the best for sodium methyl cocoyl taurate and disodium cocoyl glutamate, but the worst for capryl/capramidopropyl betaine. However, capryl/capramidopropyl betaine had the best foam volume stability. The results of Pearson correlation coefficient analysis showed that a surfactant solution with lower surface tension was more likely to produce dense foams. The liquid content of foam would be higher if the bubbles were more abundant. The foam volume for the surfactant solution with larger initial foam density was more likely to collapse. The bubble number with higher drainage rate was decreased faster. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Development and application

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Study on the effects of trisodium methylglycine diacetate on the application properties of different types of surfactants Nana Wang, Xiumei Tai, Tao Geng, Liang Zhang, Sai Li, Lingxiao Guo 2025, 55 (1):  34-40.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2025.01.004 Abstract ( 78 )   HTML ( 15 )   PDF (1884KB) ( 25 )   Using Cu2+ as a probe, the chelation of Cu2+ with trisodium methylglycine diacetate （MGDA） was tested by infrared spectroscopy in presence of different surfactants such as sodium fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether carboxylate （AEC-9Na）, sodium dodecyl diphenyl ether disulfonate （2A1）, iso-alkyl glycoside （IC-06）, fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether （AEO9）, cocamidopropyl betaine （CAB）, and cocamidopropyl amine oxide （CAO）. The apparent salt tolerance and system stability of these six surfactants in presence of MGDA were evaluated by light transmittance. The effects of MGDA on the application properties of the six surfactants were studied on a surface tensiometer, a contact angle tester and a foam analyzer. The results showed that the addition of surfactants promoted the chelation of MGDA to Cu2+. All these six surfactants had good salt resistance, among which 2A1 and CAB had the strongest salt resistance, which could reach 50% and 30%, respectively. The stronger the hydrophilicity of the surfactant, the better the salt tolerance. The addition of MGDA had sightly good effects on the surface activity of surfactants. The addition of MGDA improved the wetting ability of surfactants. Under the condition of constant surfactant concentration, the contact angle decreased with the increase of MGDA concentration. The addition of MGDA improved the foaming properties of the surfactants, and the foaming was faster. All the six surfactants showed good foam stability within 300 s. The effects of surfactants on MGDA chelation were investigated by light transmittance. The results showed that 2A1 and CAB had the strongest promoting effect on Cu2+ removal. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on relieving skin inflammation and mechanisms of Modified Jiedu Xiaozheng Yin Ling Zhang, Jing Liu, Bingtian Zhao, Cheng Yang 2025, 55 (1):  41-48.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2025.01.005 Abstract ( 63 )   HTML ( 8 )   PDF (1897KB) ( 9 )   The aim of this study was to find the best synergistic anti-inflammatory ratio of Modified Jiedu Xiaozheng Yin （MJXY）, and to explore its anti-inflammatory effect and related mechanisms through lipopolysaccharide （LPS）-induced RAW264.7 macrophages in vitro. The anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of different extracted components in MJXY were evaluated by the scavenging rates of nitric oxide （NO） and 2, 2’-azinobis-（3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonate） （ABTS）. According to the synergistic effect scores, the best ABTS （m（Scleromitrion diffusum）:m（Pyrola calliantha）:m（Prunella vulgaris）:m（Sophora flavescens）=20:5:6:6） and NO scavenging formulation （m（Scleromitrion diffusum）:m（Pyrola calliantha）:m（Prunella vulgaris）:m（Sophora flavescens）=12:12:4:3） were obtained. It is found that MJXY can significantly reduce the level of reactive oxygen species in cells, and inhibit the secretion of inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, western blot experiments show that MJXY can exert anti-inflammatory effects by down-regulating the phosphorylation levels of JAK2 and STAT3 in the inflammatory signaling pathway. In summary, MJXY has a good anti-inflammatory effect and can improve skin inflammation by inhibiting the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on the synthesis and properties of quaternary ammonium cationic surfactants Enbo Qin, Lei Zhou, Jue Wang, Huilin Chen, Yuxing Gu, Yuanyou Wang 2025, 55 (1):  49-54.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2025.01.006 Abstract ( 105 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF (1643KB) ( 32 )   Surfactants play important roles in agricultural production by reducing surface tension, promoting liquid penetration, and enhancing adsorption, thereby improving the efficiency of pesticide utilization. A series of quaternary ammonium cationic surfactants NDA-C5 to NDA-C8 were prepared by using N, N-dimethyldecylamine and fatty acids as raw materials through quaternization reaction and ion exchange reaction. The structures were characterized by FT-IR, 1H NMR and 13C NMR. The wetting and penetration, spreading, static surface tension, and dynamic surface tension were studied. The results showed that among the series of products, NDA-C8 exhibited the best performance. When the mass fraction of NDA-C8 was 0.100% （w/%）, the static surface tension was reduced to 25.9 mN/m, the wetting time was 260 s, and the spreading area on superhydrophobic organic glass reached 102 mm2.In addition, NDA-C8 demonstrated excellent dynamic surface tension performance, with the surface tension rapidly decreasing from 53.3 mN/m to 34.2 mN/m in the range of 0.01 s to 1 s. The quaternary ammonium cation had good interfacial activity, and the adsorption diffusion coefficient at the interface further increased with the increase of the carbon chain length of counterion, so that the surface active properties were improved. In contrast to static surface tension, dynamic surface tension could more accurately reflect the situation in actual use. Furthermore, the preparation process of this series of products was simple, and the cost of raw materials was low, so they had promising application prospects. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Preparation and properties of effective UV-shielding materials based on flake-shaped ZnO Xiaomin Sun, Shixiang Zuo, Yaoyao Yu, Xin Wu, Yue Cai, Chao Yao 2025, 55 (1):  55-62.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2025.01.007 Abstract ( 58 )   HTML ( 9 )   PDF (1730KB) ( 14 )   With flaky zinc oxide （F-ZnO） as the core, SiO2 was used to coat the surface of F-ZnO to obtain SiO2 /F-ZnO （SFZ）. Then Pro/SiO2 /F-ZnO （PSFZ） was prepared by loading proanthocyanidins （Pro） on SFZ composites. The samples were characterized by FTIR, XRD, TEM, UV and TGA. The results showed that SiO2 uniformly coated on the surface of flake-shaped ZnO particles in amorphous form, and the appropriate coating amount was 15%. Proanthocyanidins formed a uniform layer on the SFZ surface with a suitable loading amount of 20%. The efficacy was evaluated by antioxidant test and in vitro skin-whitening test, and the stability was evaluated by application in the basic formula. The results showed that PSFZ had good free radical scavenging ability and tyrosinase inhibiting ability. In the testing of sun protection indexes, PSFZ composite had better UV-shielding effect than SFZ. The composite still had high stability under the conditions of formulation application and UV irradiation. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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LC-MS/MS combined with network pharmacology and molecular docking to explore the targets and mechanisms of antioxidant effects of strawberry leaves Youliang Zhou, Wanshan Lu, Zhiwei Cheng, Kun Dong 2025, 55 (1):  63-74.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2025.01.008 Abstract ( 58 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF (11303KB) ( 24 )   This study jointed network pharmacology and molecular docking based on LC-MS/MS to explore the mechanism of strawberry leaf constituents exerting antioxidant effects. A total of 985 compounds were detected in the whole constituents of strawberry leaves by LC-MS/MS using fresh strawberry leaves as test material. Based on the relative content （mass ratio in the whole strawberry leaf constituents） of more than 1% and DL≥0.18, five active ingredients of strawberry leaves are screened out, which are sucrose, trehalose, catechin, procyanidin B1, and scutellarin, respectively. A total of 87 targets of the active ingredients are predicted by Swiss Target Prediction database, and no target is predicted for catechins. A total of 13 711 targets related to oxidative stress are screened by Genecards, OMIM, and TTD databases, and a total of 83 potential antioxidant targets are obtained by taking the intersection to obtain the strawberry leaf active ingredients. Combined with the STRING database, we constructed the protein interaction network of strawberry leaf active ingredient-antioxidant potential targets, and took the targets with the top 30 degree values as the core targets of strawberry leaf antioxidant, and carried out the GO and KEGG enrichment analysis on the core targets, which mainly obtained the entries of protein tyrosine kinase activity and the activity of nitric oxide synthase regulator. The KEGG pathway was also analyzed. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis mainly obtains MAPK, Rap1, PI3K-Akt, Ras, lipid and atherosclerosis pathways. The pathways were analysed by Cytoscape 3.9.1 software to construct the “active ingredient-antioxidant core target-pathway” network of strawberry leaves and carry out molecular docking validation. The results show that procyanidin B1, sucrose, scutellarin, and trehalose have a more stable binding ability with SRC, TNF, and EGFR. In conclusion, the active ingredients of procyanidin B1, sucrose, scutellarin, and trehalose in strawberry leaves may regulate MAPK, Rap1, PI3K-Akt, Ras, lipids and atherosclerosis through SRC, TNF and EGFR to achieve antioxidant efficacy, which provides a theoretical basis for the development and utilisation of strawberry leaves. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on the antibacterial activity of Phaseolus vulgaris Linn peptide and its inhibitory effect on the transcription of chemokines and inflammatory factors Ting Xin, Jiaojiao Li, Zhao Wang 2025, 55 (1):  75-83.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2025.01.009 Abstract ( 63 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF (1272KB) ( 39 )   This study aims to explore the antibacterial activity of Phaseolus vulgaris Linn peptide （PVP） and its inhibitory effect on the transcription of chemokines and inflammatory factors in mouse monocyte macrophages RAW264.7 induced by lipopolysaccharide （LPS）. Different mass concentrations of Phaseolus vulgaris Linn peptide were used to treat Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli for 24 hours, and the minimum inhibitory concentration （MIC） and antibacterial circle diameter were detected. Then the CCK-8 kit was used to detect the effect of Phaseolus vulgaris peptide on the viability of RAW264.7 cells. RT-qPCR was used to detect transcription of chemokines （chemokine ligand 2 （CCL2）, macrophage inflammatory protein-2 （MIP-2）, and chemokine ligand 5 （CCL5）） and inflammatory factors （inducible nitric oxide synthase （iNOS）, cyclooxygenase-2 （COX-2）, tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）, interleukin-1β （IL-1β）, and IL-6）. Western blotting was used to detect NF-κB activation. The MIC of Phaseolus vulgaris Linn peptide against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli is 200 μg/mL. Compared with the 0 μg/mL group, the antibacterial circle diameters of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli increase in 10, 50, 100, 200, 300, 400, and 500 μg/mL groups in a dose-dependent manner （P<0.001）. Within the mass concentration range of 1-500 μg/mL, Phaseolus vulgaris Linn peptide has no significant inhibitory or promotional effect on RAW264.7 cell viability （P>0.05）. Compared with the LPS group, CCL2, MIP-2, CCL5, iNOS COX-2, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 mRNA relative levels as well as the relative phosphorylation level of NF-κB p65 in RAW264.7 cells in the LPS+10, 50, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500 μg/mL PVP group are all reduced in a dose-dependent manner （P<0.05）. This study shows that Phaseolus vulgaris Linn peptide has good antibacterial properties activity, which can effectively inhibit the transcription of chemokines and inflammatory factors in RAW264.7 cells induced by LPS. This study suggests that Phaseolus vulgaris Linn peptide may be a cosmetic additive with good antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities and has potential development value. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on the anti-melanogenesis effect of vitamin C based on cellular autophagy Fan Zhang, Dongqin He, Qianjin Bian, Fan Wu, Yi Qin, Yao Pan 2025, 55 (1):  83-88.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2025.01.010 Abstract ( 91 )   HTML ( 10 )   PDF (2540KB) ( 32 )   The aim of this study was to investigate the role of cellular autophagy pathway in the regulation of melanogenesis in vitamin C （VC）-inhibited mouse melanoma cells （B16）. The maximum safe dose of VC on B16 cells was detected by MTT assay, the melanogenesis was induced in B16 cells by adding α-melanotropic hormone （α-MSH）, and then the mechanism of cellular autophagy in the anti-melanogenic effect of VC was investigated by using an autophagy inhibitor （3-MA）. The results show that VC at 500 μg/mL and below have no effect on the survival of B16 cells. VC at 20 μg/mL and 50 μg/mL significantly inhibit α-MSH-induced melanin synthesis in B16 cells （p<0.01）. Compared with the blank group, VC significantly induces the expression of autophagy-related proteins LC3-Ⅱ and p62 in B16 cells, and the expression of mTOR protein decreases （p<0.05）. To further investigate the effect of autophagy on melanogenesis, B16 cells are pretreated with the autophagy inhibitor 3-MA, and it is found that 3-MA abolishes VC-induced autophagy up-regulation, as well as the anti-melanogenesis effect in B16 cells. These results suggest that VC can inhibit melanogenesis by activating the autophagy system in B16 melanoma cells. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Reviews

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Research progress of Staphylococcus epidermidis applied in cosmetics Xia Wen, Jing Feng, Jingxia Liu, Jian Xu, Xianghai Chen, Xiaobao Xie 2025, 55 (1):  89-97.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2025.01.011 Abstract ( 83 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF (1378KB) ( 31 )   The skin serves as a multifaceted barrier with numerous biological functions, and the presence of skin microbiota is integral to its overall functionality. Increasingly, the bacteria residing on the skin are acknowledged for their positive impact on human health. Staphylococcus epidermidis, the predominant colonizing bacteria on human skin, demonstrates remarkable resilience on normal skin surfaces due to its adept environmental adaptation, surface adhesion capabilities, and its role in maintaining cutaneous homeostasis and immune function. When skin health is compromised, Staphylococcus epidermidis demonstrates beneficial effects by exhibiting anti-inflammatory properties, promoting collagen synthesis, replenishing ceramide levels in the skin through sphingosphydase secretion, enhancing the tight junctions of keratinocytes to maintain skin barrier homeostasis, and interacting with host cells to preserve skin integrity. Furthermore, Staphylococcus epidermidis mitigates UV radiation damage by producing cytokines such as lipoteichoic acid or 6-HAP. Staphylococcus epidermidis and its metabolites have the potential to be utilized topically for skin improvement, either in their natural form or through genetic manipulation to enhance their beneficial properties. Cosmetic companies may explore the integration of these bacteria and their metabolites into skincare formulations to enhance skin health and preserve the skin’s microecological equilibrium, potentially offering personalized skincare solutions utilizing the consumers’ own Staphylococcus epidermidis. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Analytical methods and testing

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Determination of 7 elements in children’s makeup by ICP-MS/MS Li Wu, Qinglin Pang, Yulin Zhang, Yue Geng, Minhui Chen 2025, 55 (1):  98-103.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2025.01.012 Abstract ( 73 )   HTML ( 8 )   PDF (1008KB) ( 19 )   A method for the determination of 7 elements in children’s makeup by inductively coupled plasma tandem mass spectrometry （ICP-MS/MS） was established. The sample was destroyed by a digestion acid system of nitric acid-hydrofluoric acid and digested by a super microwave digestion method. ICP-MS/MS was used to simultaneously determine the contents of 7 elements in children’s cosmetics, including boron （B）, titanium （Ti）, germanium （Ge）, molybdenum （Mo）, tin （Sn）, antimony （Sb）, and tellurium （Te）. Rhodium （Rh） was selected as the internal standard and an internal standard method was used for quantitative analysis. Methodological studies were conducted using cream-based, powder-based and lipstick-based cosmetic as matrices. The results show that 7 elements have good linear relationship within their respective mass concentration ranges, with correlation coefficients greater than 0.996 7. At the two spiked levels, the average recoveries in three matrices are 81.1%-104.6%, 84.0%-116.0%, and 80.8%-113.1%, respectively, and the average relative standard deviations are 2.2%-7.5%, 0.5%-7.1%, and 0.8%-7.3%, respectively. This method uses a digestion acid system of nitric acid-hydrofluoric acid and a super microwave digestion method for sample pretreatment. And ICP-MS/MS technology is applied to determine the contents of elements in children’s cosmetics, solving the problem of element detection in different types of samples, especially those with complex composition and large matrix interference. It provides new ideas for sample pretreatment and element analysis of various cosmetics, filling the gap of 7 elements detection methods that have not yet been established in the existing legal standards. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Determination of sultones in α-olefin sulfonate by high performance liquid chromatography Hong Zhang, Chenzhi Yao, Wei Xue, Shengti Cao, Peilong Gong 2025, 55 (1):  104-109.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2025.01.013 Abstract ( 53 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF (1214KB) ( 15 )   A method for the determination of sultones in α-olefin sulfonate by high performance liquid chromatography （HPLC） was developed. This method was used to monitor the risk of 4 batches of α-olefin sulfonate samples on the market. The samples were dissolved in water and ethanol, and then extracted with petroleum ether. The extracts were dissolved in the mixed solution of n-hexane and isopropyl alcohol, and the equal degree elution was performed using n-hexane and isopropyl alcohol as the mobile phase by high performance liquid chromatography. The volume ratio of n-hexane to isopropyl alcohol was 8:2.The extracts were separated by Inertsil CN-3 column （250 mm×4.6 mm×5 µm） at the flow rate of 2.0 mL/min. The injection volume was 20 µL and the column temperature was 25 ℃. The detector was the evaporative light scattering detector. The temperature of the drift tube was 80 ℃, and the flow rate of carrier gas was 2.0 L/min. The quantitative method was external standard method. The results show that the mass concentration of sultones in the range of 80-200 μg/mL shows a good linear relationship, and the detection limit is 5.25 μg/mL with the correlation coefficient greater than 0.989. The relative standard deviation is 1.01% （n=6）. The recoveries of sultones are 102.82%-108.24%. The method has good separation effect, good linear relationship, simple operation, high sensitivity, and good accuracy and repeatability. The method can quickly and accurately measure the residual amount of sultones in α-olefin sulfonate. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Determination of meprednisone and nine analogues in cosmetics by UPLC-ESI-Q-TOF/MS Jiaxin Zheng, Chunyan Min, Hui Lu, Linling Lu, Changping Jia 2025, 55 (1):  110-116.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2025.01.014 Abstract ( 57 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF (1138KB) ( 16 )   An ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry （UPLC-ESI-Q-TOF/MS） method was established for simultaneous determination of meprednisone and its nine analogues in cosmetics. The samples were dispersed in saturated sodium chloride solution and extracted with acetonitrile. The separation was operated on a C8 column using mobile phase consisting of 0.1% aqueous formic acid （A） and 0.1% formic acid-50% methanol/50% acetonitrile （B） in gradient elution. The analysis was performed using a positive electrospray ion source in full scan mode. Confirmatory analysis for target compounds was performed by comparing the retention time, parent ion and daughter ion between the suspected substance and the reference, while quantification was conducted in MS scan mode by external standard method. The results showed that the method had good linearity with the correlation coefficients above 0.99 for the ten compounds. The limits of detection were between 0.27-1.98 μg/g. The average recovery rate was in the range of 76.0%-96.4%, with RSD in the range of 1.9%-5.7%. 3 batches of positive samples were detected among 20 batches of samples, in which Clobetasol impurity B was detected in one batch, meprednisone and betamethasone EP impurity E were found in another batch, and dexamethasone was found in the third batch. This method was simple, selective and accurate, which could be used for determination of glucocorticoids in cosmetics. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Determination of 14 thiazides in cosmetics by ultra high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry Qiuyan Zhang, Juntao Liao, Weiwei Liang, Fang Huang, Huiqin Wu, Huitai Luo 2025, 55 (1):  117-124.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2025.01.015 Abstract ( 59 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF (1128KB) ( 23 )   A new method for the simultaneous and rapid determination of 14 thiazides in cosmetics by ultra high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry （UPLC-MS/MS） was established. The cosmetic samples were dispersed with methanol and ultrasonic extraction, and the filtrate was analyzed by a Agilent RRHD Eclipse Plus Zorbax C18 chromatographic column （3.0 mm×100 mm, 1.8 μm）, with 0.2% formic acid aqueous solution and methanol as mobile phases under gradient elution. The condition of mass spectrometry was negative ions scanning with multiple reaction monitor mode （MRM） under the electrospray ionization source. For the representative matrix samples （including water aqua, gel, lotion, cream, powder and essential oil）, thiazides tested show the correlation coefficients for linear calibration curves are in the range of 0.990 7-0.999 6 in the corresponding concentration range. The limits of detections （LODs） of 14 thiazides are in the range of 0.004 0-0.100 0 μg/g, and the limits of quantitations （LOQs） are in the range of 0.008 0-0.400 0 μg/g. The recoveries of low, medium and high concentrations ranged 85.9%-114.4%, with the relative standard deviations （n=6） ranged 0.8%-11.8%. The established method is simple, effective, high sensitive, good repeatability, qualitatively reliable, quantitatively accurate, and is suitable for the determination of 14 thiazides in different matrixes of cosmetics. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Simultaneous determination of 10 sulfonamides in oral care toothpastes by high performance liquid chromatography Zhenhua Dong, Meiyan Wang, Wenbo Lu, Jiandong Liu, Zijian Wang, Chao Chen 2025, 55 (1):  125-130.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2025.01.016 Abstract ( 64 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF (1076KB) ( 21 )   A method for simultaneous determination of 10 sulfonamides in the toothpaste by high performance liquid chromatography （HPLC） was established. 0.1% formic acid aqueous solution-methanol （volume ratio of 90:10） was used as the extraction solvent for the toothpaste sample solution, and the extraction method was ultrasonic extraction for 20 min in a 20 ℃ water bath. The HPLC conditions were as follows: The mobile phase: A was 0.1% formic acid aqueous solution, and B was methanol. The column temperature was 20 ℃; the injection volume was 10 μL, and the flow rate was 1.0 mL/min; the detection wavelength was 270 nm. The results of methodological investigation showed that the precision RSD of the 10 sulfonamides ranged from 0.90% to 1.49%, the stability RSD ranged from 0.61% to 1.42%, and the repeatability RSD ranged from 0.94% to 1.42%, and all RSDs were<2.0%. The 10 sulfonamides showed good linear relationship in the mass concentration range of 1-100 mg/L, with the correlation coefficients of 0.999 1-0.999 8. The average recovery rate of the 10 sulfonamides ranged from 91.99% to 110.82%, and the RSD ranged from 0.93% to 2.03%. This detection method was used to detect the content of the 10 sulfonamides in 20 toothpastes, and none of the 10 sulfonamides were detected in these 20 toothpastes. The HPLC method established in this work for simultaneous determination of 10 sulfonamides had good precision, stability, repeatability and accuracy, which was suitable for the detection of sulfonamides in toothpastes. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics