Table of Content

22 August 2024, Volume 54 Issue 8 Previous Issue    Next Issue

Basic research

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Effects of oil type on the stability and rheological properties of W/O Pickering emulsions Juyuan Zhang,Xiumei Tai,Huimin Liu,Xiaoyuan Ma,Xu Gao,Yi Luo 2024, 54 (8):  879-886.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2024.08.001 Abstract ( 736 )   HTML ( 35 )   PDF (2395KB) ( 85 )   Using dimethylsilylated silica as emulsifier, W/O Pickering emulsions were prepared by homogeneous emulsification. The kinds of oils, rheological modifiers and their effects on the stability and rheological properties of the W/O Pickering emulsions were studied. The results showed that, compared with the nonpolar oil, the W/O Pickering emulsion prepared with polar oil had smaller droplets and better stability, e.g., the emulsion prepared with jojoba oil had narrow particle size distribution, uniform shape and good stability. With the addition of rheological modifier, the particle size of the emulsion decreased to a certain extent, and the stability at room temperature and at low temperature was both slightly increased. For different oils, the rheological modifier which was similar to the oil in molecular structure had better effects in the reduction of particle size and the improvement of stability. All these W/O Pickering emulsions prepared with different oils were non-Newtonian fluids. With the increase of shear rate, the viscosity of the emulsions decreased, and the elastic modulus （G'） of all emulsions was higher than viscous modulus （G"）. All the emulsions were gel emulsions, and the linear viscoelastic region was 0.001%-0.100%. With the addition of rheological modifier, the viscosity of the emulsion increased and the shear thinning phenomenon was basically unchanged, but the linear viscoelastic region was enlarged, which might be related to the change of emulsion particle size and oil-water interfacial energy. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Aggregation behavior of mixed systems of imidazolium-based ionic liquid and sodium octanesulfonate Xueyan Zhao,Jingyi Huang,Ruijie Xiao,Guirong Cao 2024, 54 (8):  887-894.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2024.08.002 Abstract ( 654 )   HTML ( 11 )   PDF (1450KB) ( 49 )   Two mixed systems consisting of an anionic surfactant and a cationic surface-active ionic liquid were studied. The mixture of sodium octanesulfonate （SOS） and 1-decyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide （[C10mim]Br）, and the mixture of SOS and 1-tetradecyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide （[C14mim]Br）, were both investigated using surface tension measurement. The parameters, such as critical micelle concentration （cmc）, surface tension at cmc （γcmc）, surface pressure at cmc （Πcmc）, maximum surface excess （Γmax） and minimum area per molecule （Amin）, were obtained. The mixed micellar parameters including micellar mole fraction （X1m）, micellar interaction parameters （βm） and activity coefficients （f1m and f2m） were calculated by applying Rubingh’s regular solution theory. The calculated parameters confirmed that there were strong synergy in all these mixed systems, and the interaction of SOS with [C14mim]Br was stronger than that with [C10mim]Br. Thermodynamic parameters for mixed monolayers and mixed micelles were calculated and discussed, which indicated that the mixed micelles were spontaneously formed and were thermodynamically stable systems. Turbidity measurement was conducted using spectrophotometry. The phase diagrams were plotted for each system based on visual observations and absorbance values. The mixed systems of SOS/[C10mim]Br and SOS/[C14mim]Br all exhibited three concentration regions: a low-concentration homogeneous solution region, a two-phase region, and a high-concentration homogeneous solution region. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Lecture of science and technology

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Preparation, properties and applications of natural biomass materials （Ⅷ）High-viscosity and versatile natural galactomannan: guar gum Xiaotong Sun,Yejie Zhou,Yatong Duan,Yadi Liu,Tingyu Zhang,Jinshi Fan 2024, 54 (8):  895-902.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2024.08.003 Abstract ( 577 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF (1243KB) ( 45 )   Guar gum is a kind of natural galactomannan extracted from the endosperm of seeds of guar beans. It has excellent water solubility thickening, gelling, and film-forming properties, as well as non-toxicity, good biocompatibility, and biodegradability. Moreover, its physical and chemical properties can be significantly improved and its application performance can be efficiently enhanced through molecular modification, chemical cross-linking, graft copolymerization, oxidation, and other modification treatments by reacting with the hydroxyl groups and glycosidic bonds in its molecular structure. Therefore, guar gum and its modified products have been found wide applications in industrial fields such as daily chemicals, papermaking, food processing, oil exploitation, biomedicine and water treatment. In this review, the name, source, chemical structure, main physicochemical properties and functions of guar gum along with its extraction technologies and modification methods were briefly presented. The applications of guar gum and its modified products, and the current challenges as well as the future research directions of these materials were also discussed. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Development and application

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Study on the non-aqueous foams stabilized by the modified nano-SiO2 particles Siqi Yao,Yongli Yan,Suiwang Zhang,Yu Chen,Bingcheng He 2024, 54 (8):  903-910.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2024.08.004 Abstract ( 546 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF (2760KB) ( 55 )   Non-aqueous foams have a wide range of applications in petroleum exploitation, functional materials, daily chemical industry, etc. However, the low interfacial tension and low dielectric constant of non-aqueous solvents lead to the difficulty in forming stable foams. Therefore, to solve the difficulty in foaming for non-aqueous systems, nano-SiO2 particles were prepared and characterized by TEM, FT-IR and XRD. Then the wettability of nano-SiO2 particles was modified with 3-glycidyloxypropyl trimethoxysilane （GPTMS）, and the effects of nano-SiO2 particles of different wettability on the foaming performance of non-aqueous solvents were studied. The results showed that the contact angle of the particles could be regulated in the range from 34.7° to 116° by GPTMS modification. The surface tension of different solvents could be effectively reduced and the viscosity of the solvent systems was increased. When the mass fraction of particles was 7% and the particle size was 10 nm, the foam volume for non-aqueous solvents first increased and then decreased with the increase of the contact angle of nano-SiO2 particles, and the foam stability also first increased and then decreased with the increase of the contact angle of nano-SiO2 particles. In the formamide system, when the contact angle of particles was 92.3°, the foam volume could reach up to 12 mL, and the foam stability could reach 63 days. In the benzyl acetate system, when the contact angle of particles was 79.5°, the foam volume could reach up to 7 mL, and the foam stability could reach 47 days. In the decane system, when the contact angle of particles was 60.3°, the foam volume could reach up to 4 mL, and the foam stability could reach 8 days. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Synthesis and sol-gel transition of interpenetrating nanogels with controllable structural color Tingting Xia,Xueting Li,Xihua Lu 2024, 54 (8):  911-920.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2024.08.005 Abstract ( 502 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF (3309KB) ( 35 )   The PNIPAM/PAphe interpenetrating nanogels which were responsive to temperature and pH were synthesized. The chemical structure, morphology, particle size and dispersity, temperature-and pH-response, structural color tunability, photonic crystal self-assembly, and sol-gel transition behavior of the interpenetrating nanogels were studied in detail by infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, dynamic light scattering, and optical fiber spectrometry. According to the infrared spectrum and SEM image, the effective interpenetration and good monodispersity of the two networks were confirmed. The analysis of particle size and polydispersity index （PDI） indicated that, with the increase of PAphe content, the particle size of the interpenetrating nanogels correspondingly increased, but the monodispersity remained good. The temperature-and pH-sensitivity experiments proved the responsiveness of the interpenetrating nanogels, which showed that the particle size was significantly decreased when the temperature was increased or the pH value was decreased. Combined with the optical fiber spectrum, it was further found that the interpenetrating nanogel could achieve controllable structural colors by adjusting the particle size. More importantly, they possessed the ability of transition from sol to gel above Tp （32 ℃） by the method of test tube inversion. These characteristics showed their potential applications in highly controllable optical materials and the biomedical field. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The anti-aging potential of peptides from fermented Nannochloropsis sp. Ting Yang,Huawen Li,Xun Xu,Honghui Guo,Tangbin Zou,Enqin Xia 2024, 54 (8):  921-929.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2024.08.006 Abstract ( 83 )   HTML ( 8 )   PDF (1364KB) ( 119 )   The extraction and composition analysis of peptides （FNPs） from fermentation Nannochloropsis sp., as well as their anti-aging effects on Drosophila melanogaster in vivo were investigated. Compared with the non-fermentation group, the number of peptide in FNPs increases by about 100, and the oxidation sites in the peptides also increase. The maximum absorption intensity of FNPs is observed at 258 nm with a dose-dependent relationship. Compared with the control group, 5 μg/mL FNPs extends the mean life span of the the natural aging Drosophila melanogaster for 13 days. Additionally, for 70-90 days old, the deterioration of oxidative stress indicators such as MDA, SOD, and CAT caused by age are significantly restored and increased to the level of positive group by FNPs at 0.5 and 5 μg/mL. These results indicate that FNPs have potential as a promising nutritional component for alleviating human health problems induced by aging. It can also be used as a new antioxidant ingredient for functional food development or cosmeceutical applications from a resource rich and easily obtainable raw material Nannochloropsis sp.. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application properties of a polymeric surfactant in different detergents Yuhuan Yan,Hechao Pan,Hongjie Bao,Jianhong Zhao,Yibo He 2024, 54 (8):  930-938.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2024.08.007 Abstract ( 74 )   HTML ( 12 )   PDF (2986KB) ( 54 )   The molecular weight, surface tension, and the particle size distribution of micellar aggregates of a polyether-polyacrylate polymeric surfactant, HS-PA, were characterized on gel permeation chromatograph, surface tension meter, and laser particle size analyzer, respectively. The thickening properties, detergency, liquid crystal morphology, suspension properties, and rheological behaviors of HS-PA in unstructured/structured detergents with LAS/AES/AEO9 as the main surfactants, respectively, were also investigated. The characterization results showed that, the weight-average molecular weight of HS-PA was 4 244, the critical micelle concentration was 3×10-7 mol/L, and the equilibrium surface tension was 42.06 mN/m; the average particle size of aggregates was increased when LAS, AES and AEO9 formed mixed micelles with HS-PA, respectively. The application test in unstructured detergents showed that, HS-PA had viscosity-enhancing effects on all the LAS/AES/AEO9-based systems, and meanwhile it was beneficial to the improvement of the detergency to sebum. The application test in structured detergents showed that, HS-PA would help the formation of lamellar liquid crystals in the LAS/AES/AEO9 systems, and the more HS-PA used, the more the liquid crystals in the AES system; the centrifugal separation results showed that the structured detergents containing HS-PA had the ability to stabilize the suspension of microcapsules; HS-PA could increase the yield stress of the LAS formulation system as determined by rotational rheometer. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Establishment of an in vitro test and evaluation method for cosmetic foundation Keying Xiao,Jiajing Cai,Huimin Zi,Feifei Wang 2024, 54 (8):  939-946.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2024.08.008 Abstract ( 80 )   HTML ( 9 )   PDF (1863KB) ( 73 )   This study aims to establish the methods of evaluating cosmetic foundation in vitro from four dimensions: concealment, dullness, migration resistance as well as the ability of water resistance, sweat resistance and sebum resistance. The automatic film coating machine was used to evenly coat the samples in the first steps. The concealment and dullness sections were evaluated by MetaVue VS3200 spectrophotometer, which measured the hiding rate of the samples and the color characterization values of the foundation （ΔL, Δa, Δb）. The coverage rate of sample E1 is 90.98 cr, which is the highest coverage. The ΔL value of sample D2 has the largest change of -2.73 as well as the highest dullness. Combined with the result of consumer testing for further verification, the overall score results are consistent with in vitro test results. Also, the ability of migration resistance was determined and compared by the image analysis of software Image-Pro Plus 6.0 through the testing of the amount of rubbed powder. Moreover, through the contact angle measuring device, the capabilities of water, sweat, and sebum resistance of the foundation samples could be compared based on the measurement of the contact angles of deionized water, artificial sweat, and artificial sebum on the sample surface. The contact angles of sample B1 and D2 with deionized water and artificial sweat are greater than 90° for removal of lipophilicity. The contact angles of all samples are less than 90° for removal of lipophilicity, among which sample E1 and sample F are relatively lower in removal of lipophilicity, and the contact angles are respectively 40.8° and 40.0°. The results of water resistance, sweat and sebum tested in this study are generally consistent with the test results based on existing literature. The results show that four methodologies of scientific measurement with instruments are feasible and valid, and they help develop the convenience and scientific rigor of in vitro evaluation. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Ultrasound-assisted enzymatic degradation to obtain pectin derivatives from Citrus aurantium L. and its antioxidant properties Wei Qian,Bin Yang,Bo Shao,Li Wan,Jun Zhou 2024, 54 (8):  947-955.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2024.08.009 Abstract ( 37 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF (1440KB) ( 72 )   In this paper, pectin derivatives obtained from the degradation of Citrus aurantium L. pectin was prepared by ultrasound-assisted enzymatic method. The effects of ultrasound pretreatment time, enzyme type and amount of enzyme addition on the antioxidant activity of degradation derivatives of Citrus aurantium L. pectin were investigated. Then the content, molecular weight distribution and structural properties of galacturonic acid from the degradation derivatives of Citrus aurantium L. pectin were analyzed by titration gel chromatography and infrared spectroscopy to verify the plausible explanation for the enhanced antioxidant activity of pectin degradation derivatives. The results confirm that the best scavenging rate of DPPH radicals and ABTS radicals as well as the reducing ability of potassium ferricyanide of the pectin degradation derivatives are obtained, when pectinase is selected as the degrading enzyme with the dosage of 6 000 U/g and the ultrasound-pretreatment time is 20 min. Under these conditions, the degradation derivatives of Citrus aurantium L. pectin prepared at a mass concentration of 3 mg/mL, shows a more significant increasing in antioxidant activity with a 62.94% scavenging of DPPH radicals, a 52.67% scavenging of ABTS radicals and a reducing capacity of 0.962 7, compared to the undegraded pectin. The content of galacturonic acid in the degradation derivatives of Citrus aurantium L. pectin varies significantly with the degradation process. Also it is verified that it is a positive correlation between galacturonic acid content and antioxidant activity, and that a lower molecular weight and lower methoxy content of the degradation derivatives are obtained compared to Citrus aurantium L. pectin, but the pyranose structure of the pectin is not changed in the degradation process. The results of this study provide theoretical basis and reference for the high-value utilization of Citrus aurantium L. pectin. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Comparation of azelaic acid and chitosan encapsulated-azelaic acid complex in skin absorption efficiency and anti-inflammatory capability Minjia Yuan,Qi Li,Cuicui Zhu,Hang Tie 2024, 54 (8):  956-965.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2024.08.010 Abstract ( 64 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF (1269KB) ( 39 )   The objective of this research was to compare the functional differences between azelaic acid and chitosan-coated azelaic acid as cosmetic raw materials in terms of skin absorption efficiency, exfoliation, anti-inflammatory and 5α-reductase inhibition. The results showed that the skin absorption of azelaic acid was significantly higher compared to azelaic-chitosan. In terms of exfoliation, both azelaic acid and azelaic-chitosan had a certain exfoliating efficacy. However, compared to azelaic-chitosan, azelaic acid alone resulted in a 25.86% higher number of detached corneocytes and a 27.80% higher total protein content. In terms of anti-inflammation, azelaic-chitosan at the same concentration showed significantly greater inhibitory effects on inflammatory factors such as tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）, prostaglandin E2 （PGE2）, and cyclooxygenase-2 （COX-2） compared to decanoic acid. Besides, there was no significant difference in inhibitory activity of 5α-reductase between the two groups. These results suggested that both materials had their advantages in terms of their efficacy as cosmetic ingredients. This study contributed to harnessing the potential benefits of azelaic acid and chitosan coating as cosmetic ingredients while providing valuable reference data for evaluating the application potential of chitosan as a coating material in cosmetics. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of skin physiological parameters and microbial community characteristics of oily sensitive skin Hong Jiang,Shanshan Jiang,Chunying Yuan,Suzhen Yang,Tingting Han,Yan Li 2024, 54 (8):  966-973.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2024.08.011 Abstract ( 89 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF (1459KB) ( 48 )   This study divided the volunteers into healthy skin non sensitive individuals and oily skin sensitive individuals through self-evaluation questionnaire and measurement of sebum secretion. The physiological parameters of facial skin were measured by non-invasive methods and the skin microbiome was analyzed by 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing. Research has found that compared with the healthy skin, the hydration content and b-value of oily sensitive skin are significantly reduced （P<0.05）, while the TEWL, sebum, hemoglobin, and skin roughness are significantly increased （P<0.05）, and the pore area is significantly increased （P<0.05）. The analysis of skin microbiota diversity shows a significant decrease in Sobs index （P<0.05） and Shannon index （P<0.001）, resulting in a decrease in microbiota diversity. The species composition analysis shows that the abundance of Cutibacterium and Staphylococcus genera increases significantly, while the abundance of Rhodococcus and Pseudomonas genera decreases significantly （P<0.001）. Spearman correlation analysis shows that sebum is positively correlated with the genera Cutibacterium and Staphylococcus, while negatively correlated with other genera. At the same time, Cutibacterium always shows the opposite correlation with other bacteria genera. This study indicates that the occurrence of oily sensitive skin is closely related to the changes in skin microbiota, and Cutibacterium is an important genus that affects the overall stability of the skin microbiota. This study provides a scientific basis for the development of skincare products for oily sensitive skin populations. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on the surface activity of Panax notoginseng root extract and the properties of the mixed system Jitao Liu,Yuxi Wang,Xuanlin Yang 2024, 54 (8):  974-980.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2024.08.012 Abstract ( 68 )   HTML ( 9 )   PDF (1597KB) ( 64 )   The surface activity and compound synergy of Panax notoginseng root extract were studied. The results show that the cmc of Panax notoginseng root extract at 25 ℃ is 0.1 g/L and γcmc is 43.67 mN/m. In the salinity mass fraction range of 0%-1%, the surface activity increases with the increasing saltness. In the pH between 4.0-8.0, the surface tension of Panax notoginseng root extract decreases with the decreasing pH. According to Rosen’s theory, the optimal compound mass ratio between Panax notoginseng root extract and Tween 20 is 4∶1, and it is found that the ability of the mixed system to form micelles increases by 41.18% compared with the theoretical results. The emulsifying ability results show that the emulsifying ability and emulsifying stability of the mixed system are close to Tween 20 alone, indicating that the combination of Panax notoginseng root extract and Tween 20 has a good synergistic effect, but not on Tween 60. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Evaluation of anti-aging effect of percutaneous application of Silybum marianum extract Meiling He,Limin Fan 2024, 54 (8):  981-987.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2024.08.013 Abstract ( 91 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF (1646KB) ( 76 )   The study aims to investigate the anti-aging effect of Silybum marianum extract （SME） on skin aging mice induced by D-galactose （D-gal）. The mice were divided into 6 groups. The mouse model of skin aging was induced by subcutaneous injection of D-gal （1 g/ （kg·d）） on the back for 6 weeks. Body weight, skin water content, skin oxidative stress index, HYP and HA levels of mice in each group were measured. HE staining was used to evaluate the skin injury. The relative mRNA expressions of collagen Ⅰ, collagen Ⅲ, MMP-1 and MMP-3 in skin were detected by RT-qPCR. The relative expressions of Nrf2 （nucleus）, Keap1 and HO-1 in skin were detected by Western blotting. The results show that percutaneous application of all three doses of SME increase the skin water content, alleviate the skin injury, increase the levels of SOD, CAT and GSH-Px, decrease the level of MDA, increased the levels of HYP and HA, increase the relative expression of collagen Ⅰ and collagen Ⅲ mRNA, decrease the relative expression of MMP-1 and MMP-3 mRNA, increase the relative expression of Nrf2 （nucleus） and HO-1 protein, and decrease the relative expression of Keap1 protein in D-gal-induced aging mice （P<0.05）. ML385 inhibits the activation of Nrf2 pathway and weakens the anti-aging effect of SME （P<0.05）. This study shows that percutaneous application of SME has a good anti-aging effect on skin aging mice induced by D-gal, and Nrf2 pathway mediates the anti-aging effect of SME. SME may be a kind of anti-aging daily skin care material with high development value. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Reviews

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A preliminary study on the mechanism of oily sensitive skin and intervention care Xinjue Kuang,Yuanyuan Fu,Xiancai Chen,Yong Chen,Youting Liu,Fan Yi 2024, 54 (8):  988-996.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2024.08.014 Abstract ( 562 )   HTML ( 13 )   PDF (1734KB) ( 83 )   With the prevalence of modern unhealthy lifestyle habits and the worsening of environmental pollution, the occurrence of oily sensitive skin has been increasing. However, the exact cause is still not completely understood. In this paper, we review the definition and characteristics of oily sensitive skin. We also provide an overview of its possible mechanisms, which include excessive sebaceous gland secretion, reduced epidermal barrier function, skin microecological imbalance, inflammatory response, and neurological and vascular hyperreactivity. Furthermore, we analyze the intrinsic connection between these different mechanisms in depth. In response to these mechanisms, this article discusses a series of recommendations for caring for oily sensitive skin. It highlights the differences in skincare compared to dry sensitive skin, emphasizes the importance of choosing effective skincare products, and suggests making adjustments to lifestyle habits. These recommendations aim to improve the quality of life for patients and provide valuable references for practitioners in the field. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Analytical methods and testing

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Simultaneous determination of sulfonamides and quinolones antibiotics in cosmetics by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry Piaopiao Yang,Jingya Zhang,Hong Liu,Lixia Li 2024, 54 (8):  997-1007.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2024.08.015 Abstract ( 51 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF (1192KB) ( 53 )   A method for simultaneous determination of 53 anti-infective drugs such as quinolones and sulfonamides in cosmetics was established by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry （HPLC-MS/MS）. The samples were dispersed with saturated sodium chloride, extracted by ultrasound with 1% acetonitrile formate solution, and centrifuged. 0.1% Formic acid aqueous solution （containing 1 mmol/L ammonium acetate） and 0.1% formic acid methanol solution were chose as mobile phase, gradient elution was used, and electrospray ion source, positive ion multi-reaction monitoring mode （MRM） were used for determination with quantitative external standard method. The results show that the linear fitting of the 53 banned raw materials is good, with the correlation coefficient greater than 0.991 0, and the detection limit of 0.01-0.1 μg/g. The average recovery rates of sulfonamides and quinolones are 80.84% to 115.09% at low, medium, and high spiked mass concentrations. Among the 100 batches of samples screened, 1 batch is detected to contain sulfamethoxazole. The method has good sensitivity, selectivity and accuracy, and can be used for the determination of 53 anti-infective drugs in cosmetics. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Simultaneous determination of three components in food detergents by headspace gas chromatography-mass spectrometry Ying Zhang,Chenzhi Yao,Fang Yan,Xiaoting Li 2024, 54 (8):  1008-1014.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2024.08.016 Abstract ( 47 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF (1168KB) ( 32 )   A method for simultaneous determination of methanal, methanol and 1, 4-dioxane in food detergents by headspace gas chromatography-mass spectrometry （HS-GC-MS） was established. The influencing factors of headspace sampling were analyzed by single factor variance analysis and orthogonal test to determine the optimal conditions. A strong polar column SH-Rtx-Wax （30 m×0.32 mm×0.25 μm） was selected for separation. Selective ion scanning （SIM） mode and external standard method were used for quantitative analysis. The results show that methanal, methanol and 1, 4-dioxane have good linear relationships in the ranges of 8-200 μg/mL, 8-200 μg/mL and 2-50 μg/mL, respectively. The limits of detection （LOD） are 0.10-0.60 μg/mL, and the limits of quantification （LOQ） are 0.29-1.78 μg/mL. The recovery and precision test of the actual samples are carried out at low, medium and high levels. The recovery rate is 84.0%-101.9% and relative standard deviation （RSD） is 0.5%-3.7%. The method is simple, sensitive and reproducible, which can meet the requirements of simultaneous determination of methanal, methanol and 1, 4-dioxane in food detergents, and also provide technical basis and reference for the relevant safety indicators of food detergents in China. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics