Table of Content

22 November 2023, Volume 53 Issue 11 Previous Issue    Next Issue

Basic research

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Effects of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Lactobacillus paracasei ferment complex on the facial micro-ecology Wang Yue, Li Jun, Gu Shihong, Wang Man, Zou Yue, Wu Jianming 2023, 53 (11):  1241-1249.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2023.11.001 Abstract ( 244 )   HTML ( 41 )   PDF (1443KB) ( 209 )   The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of a Himalaya-derived Saccharomyces and Lactobacillus ferment complex （SLFC） on the facial micro-ecology. Thirty women （30-45 years old, average 38 years old） with signs of skin aging used SLFC. Compared with the two groups of samples before use （D0） and after 28 days of use （D28）, the Alpha diversity of facial bacterial species decreased significantly and the Beta diversity had obvious differentiation in different regions. The relative abundance of Staphylococcus increased significantly. The relative abundance of Propionibacterium, Corynebacterium, Acinetobacter, and other skin resident bacteria remained stable. The relative abundance of the opportunistic pathogenic bacteria such as Streptococcus,Erythrococcus, Aquatic bacteria and flavobacterium decreased. At the species level, the abundance of Staphylococcus epidermidis increased significantly, the abundance of Cutibacterium acnes did not change significantly, and Staphylococcus aureus was not detected. According to the feedback of consumers after treatment with SLFC for 28 days, skin smoothness, gloss and moisture were improved and the skin redness was relieved. Therefore, SLFC can effectively regulate and stabilize the microecological balance of facial flora to improve and strengthen the skin barrier. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on the synthesis and performance of a responsive surfactant of tertiary amine type Zhang Xin, Zhang Guanghua, Sun Qi, Li Hui, Tang Mingxuan, Guo Zehua 2023, 53 (11):  1250-1256.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2023.11.002 Abstract ( 165 )   HTML ( 18 )   PDF (1468KB) ( 266 )   A CO2-responsive surfactant with good surface activity was obtained, which was a long-chain tertiary amine （DMOA） with CO2 responsiveness. It was synthesized by bimolecular nucleophilic substitution reaction using oleic acid and N, N-dimethyl-1,3-propanediamine as raw materials and sodium fluoride as catalyst. Its conductivity was measured on a conductivity meter under the passage of CO2 and N2, and the experimental results confirmed that the solution of synthesized DMOA had CO2-responsive properties. The surface tension of DMOA compounded with counterions was measured and its critical micelle concentration was determined. It was found that the combination of DMOA with dicarboxylic counterions such as sodium oxalate could significantly reduce the surface tension of the solution, and the critical micelle concentration of the compounded system was also reduced compared with other systems. The CO2-responsive behavior of the viscosity of the DMOA-sodium oxalate system was studied on a rheometer. The results showed that the compounded system could significantly increase the viscosity of the system, exhibiting CO2-responsiveness and cyclic reversibility. The foaming performance of the compounded system was investigated, and the contact angle between its aqueous solution and paraffin wax was investigated. It was found that the compounded system exhibited lower foaming performance but smaller contact angle on lipophilic surface after the introduction of CO2. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Lecture of science and technology

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New emulsion system and its application in cosmetics （III）Pickering emulsion Chen Ningru, Zhang Ruoqi, Han Xu, Shang Yazhuo 2023, 53 (11):  1257-1265.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2023.11.003 Abstract ( 234 )   HTML ( 15 )   PDF (1573KB) ( 207 )   Pickering emulsion is a new type of emulsion system developed in the past twenty years. The oil and water interface in the system is generally a solid particle film formed by micron-scale or nanoscale solid particles. These solid particles nearly irreversible adsorption to the oil and water interface rely on their own surface wettability and thus stabilize the droplets in the system. The solid particles have much advantages compared with the traditional emulsifiers, including cheaper and easier to obtain, higher emulsifying capacity, green and friendly to the environment, easier to modify as well as the higher stability of the prepared emulsions, which make Pickering emulsion show many advantages in the fields of oil extraction, new material synthesis, food, medicine as well as cosmetics. In this paper, the Pickering emulsion, the stability mechanism of the Pickering emulsion and the factors of affecting the stability of the system are introduced firstly. Then, the solid particles can be used to stabilize Pickering emulsion in cosmetics are listed, and the necessary conditions that the solid particles should have are clarified. On this basis, the application of Pickering emulsion in the field of cosmetics is stated in details, and the corresponding advantages of Pickering emulsion in the application of cosmetics are summarized. Furthermore, the unique Pickering emulsions developed recently, including multiple Pickering emulsion and the Pickering-Janus emulsion are introduced. Finally, the personal views on the future development in the direction of Pickering emulsifier, preparation and the application of Pickering emulsion are put forward, which may provide some useful reference for the effective development and reasonable application of Pickering emulsion. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Development and application

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Preparation of poly（lactic-co-glycolic acid）microsphere and its behaviors of encapsulation and release of triamcinolone acetonide Yuan Wenbo, Zhang Huatong, Qiao Congde, Wang Ling, Luan Mingming, Yang Xiaodeng 2023, 53 (11):  1266-1272.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2023.11.004 Abstract ( 106 )   HTML ( 9 )   PDF (2470KB) ( 230 )   Triamcinolone acetonide has the advantages of strong medical efficacy and long duration, however, its oil solubility limits its application. Poly（lactic-co-glycolic acid） （PLGA） has excellent biocompatibility and biodegradability, which can be made into microspheres loaded with triamcinolone acetonide. In this work, the PLGA was prepared using trifluoromethanesulfonic acid as catalyst and glucose as initiator. The molecular structure, molecular weight and molecular weight distribution of PLGA were characterized by NMR and gel chromatography. The results showed that the mass ratio of lactic acid to glycolic acid segments in PLGA was 50:50, and the molecules were terminated with carboxyl groups, and the molecular weight was between 36 000 and 41 000, exhibiting narrow molecular weight distribution （molecular weight distribution index was ca. 1.60）. The microspheres were made by electrostatic spraying method, whose particle size was less than 20 μm （the content of microspheres of diameter being smaller than 20 μm was more than 92%）. The drug loading efficiency for triamcinolone acetonide was more than 44%, and the period of release was up to 120 h. In the initial stage of drug release, the relationship between drug release rate and time was linear. This work could provide basic data for the preparation of PLGA microspheres for drug-loading and expand the application of triamcinolone acetonide in the treatment of allergic dermatitis, neurodermatitis and chronic eczema. Moreover, this work could provide reference for the development of functional skin care products. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Optimization of synthesis process of acetylvanillin and analysis of the reaction process Wang Tao, Sun Xiao, Li Zhuo, Dong Manman, Jia Hanbing, Wei Xinghua 2023, 53 (11):  1273-1279.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2023.11.005 Abstract ( 123 )   HTML ( 14 )   PDF (1572KB) ( 111 )   Acetylvanillin （4-acyloxy-3-methoxy-benzaldehyde） is an important vanillin derivative, which has strong milk fragrance. It is an intermediate produced in the reaction process of synthesizing vanillin from eugenol, isoeugenol and other raw materials. It is often used as flavoring agent in various dairy products （such as modulated milk powder, fresh milk, yogurt, etc.）, biscuits, beverages, cosmetics （perfume）, tobacco, wine, food packaging, feed, etc. Due to the structural characteristics of various functional groups （-CHO, AcO-, MeO-） on the benzene ring of acetylvanillin, it can undergo a variety of chemical reactions. Therefore, it is also widely used in the preparation of drugs and other fine chemicals as an important organic intermediate. At present, the chemical synthesis of acetylvanillin mainly takes vanillin as raw material, and it is prepared by acylation reagents such as anhydride and acyl chloride at room temperature following strong alkali or catalyst. However, this process has some shortcomings, such as incomplete reaction, long time of esterification, complicated post-treatment, corrosion in equipment, and difficult access to catalyst. In this work, the effects of experimental conditions on the yield were investigated, including the ratios of raw materials, the solvents, alkaline reagents and reaction time, and the optimization of synthesis process and the analysis of reaction process were carried out. Vanillin and acetic anhydride were used as raw materials. The reaction process of acetylvanillin was analyzed and characterized by capillary melting point method, FT-IR and GC-MS/MS. The results showed that, the optimized synthesis conditions of acetylvanillin were as follows. The molar ratio of raw materials n（vanillin） : n（acetic anhydride） : n（triethylamine） was 1:1.3:0.5; the reaction time at room temperature was 0.5 h, and the yield was 99.0%. The catalytic effect of triethylamine as the catalyst in the reaction process was discussed, and its catalytic mechanism was speculated. This process had the advantages of mild reaction conditions, short reaction time, high yield, low cost and easy availability of raw materials, and simple operation. This study could provide reference for the optimization of synthesis process, analysis method and basic theoretical research. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The establishment and application of an in vitro evaluation system for 5α-reductase inhibitors Pan Jifei, Wang Xiaona, Guo Haijiao, Yang Suzhen, Chen Jianying 2023, 53 (11):  1280-1284.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2023.11.006 Abstract ( 248 )   HTML ( 9 )   PDF (1294KB) ( 150 )   5α-reductase （5AR） is a microsomal enzyme that relies on reducing coenzyme Ⅱ （NADPH） as a hydrogen donor to irreversibly convert testosterone to dihydrotestosterone （DHT）. There are three isoenzymes in the alpha-reductase family, namely Ⅰ （5AR1）, Ⅱ （5AR2） and Ⅲ （5AR3）. Two distinct isozymes are found in mouse, rat, monkey, and human: 5AR1 and 5AR2. In human, 5AR1 is predominant in the sebaceous glands of most regions of skin, including scalp, and liver. 5AR1 is responsible for approximately one-third of the circulating DHT. 5AR2 isozyme is primarily found in prostate, seminal vesicles, epididymites, hair follicles as well as liver, and is responsible for two-thirds of the circulating DHT. 5AR1 in sebaceous gland cells plays a certain role in local androgen metabolism, stimulation of excessive sebum secretion and the occurrence of acne. The high level of DHT is easy to cause acne and other skin problems. According to the above reaction principles, an in vitro model was established to screen 5AR inhibitors. The reaction system was divided into four groups: Blank control, Negative control, Positive control and Sample group. 5AR was prepared from the liver of SD rats. The content of testosterone was determined by HPLC method using Dutastamide, which had strong inhibition on both 5AR1 and 5AR2, as the positive control. Specificity test shows that other components have no interference on the determination of testosterone, and the method has good specificity. Correlation coefficient r is 0.999 7, testosterone has a good linear relationship in the range of 0.059-9.860 μg/mL, and the limit of quantitation （S/N≥10） is 0.059 μg/mL. RSDs of the precision test are 0.3%, and the precision is good. RSDs of the repeatability test are 0.7%, indicating that the method has good repeatability. Several samples were screened using this screening model, and several samples such as zinc hyaluronate shows strong inhibition of 5AR. This model can effectively screen 5AR inhibitors, and provide reference for the development of oil-control, anti-acne and other products. Compared with other existing androgen antagonists, 5AR inhibitor selectively blocks DHT synthesis while not affecting the normal level and physiological function of testosterone, and inhibits 5AR as an important method for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia, male alopecia and other androgen-dependent diseases. With the inhibition of 5AR activity as the target, steroid and non-steroid 5AR inhibitors from various sources are becoming a hot spot in drug development. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Ferulic acid nanoethosomes: preparation, characterization, and performance of skin penetration in vitro Deng Mengjie, Yi Guobin, Lv Ran, Liu Yafeng, Ye Dawei, Chen Jiazhi 2023, 53 (11):  1285-1292.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2023.11.007 Abstract ( 129 )   HTML ( 17 )   PDF (2426KB) ( 191 )   The transdermal delivery and antioxidant of ferulic acid nanoethosomes prepared by microfluidization were studied. Firstly, the effects of edge-activators （Tween-80, and sucrose palmitate） and lecithin on the encapsulation efficiency of ferulic acid nanoethosomes were investigated by the response surface method. When lecithin, sucrose palmitate and Tween-80 are optimized at the ratio of 0.68%:0.51%:0.25% （w/%）, the ferulic acid nanoethosomes demonstrate better characteristics of small particle size of （104.5±0.7） nm, uniform particle size distribution with PDI of 0.05±0.01, high encapsulation efficiency of 88.8%±2.6%, and high storage stability for 60 days at 25 ℃. Secondly, the antioxidant ability and the skin penetration property of ferulic acid and its nanoethosomes were evaluated by DPPH free radical scavenging tests and in vitro transdermal assays using Franz diffusion cells, respectively. The IC50 values of ferulic acid and its nanoethosomes are 8.7 and 11.7 μg/mL, respectively, indicating that the ferulic acid nanoethosomes exhibite enhanced antioxidant activity. It is found that the nanoethosomes have better skin permeability and their skin adsorption amount and accumulated permeation amount of the nanoethosomes are （18.2±3.5） μg/cm2 and （25.3±3.2） μg/cm2, which are 1.2 times and 1.4 times higher than that of the ferulic acid propylene glycol solution, respectively. The prepared ferulic acid nanoethosomes have the advantages of uniform particle size, high encapsulation efficiency and storage stability, enhanced antioxidant ability and skin permeability, and can be extended to the preparation of other phenolic acid nanoethosomes and applied as transdermal carriers for antioxidant, anti-aging, and whitening cosmetics. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on the effect of acetyl tetrapeptide-11 in preventing hair loss Shi Lianlian, Ma Wenjun, Sun Yaping, Wang Peipei, Zheng Chunyang 2023, 53 (11):  1293-1298.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2023.11.008 Abstract ( 142 )   HTML ( 8 )   PDF (2791KB) ( 121 )   In recent years, the research on hair loss has become more and more intensive. In this work, acetyl tetrapeptide-11 was applied in mice to study its effect on hair loss. After depilation treatment on the back of eight C57BL/6 female mice, the experimental group was continually smeared with aqueous solutions of acetyl tetrapeptide-11 with different mass concentrations （10, 20 and 30 μg/mL） for 18 days, while the control group was smeared with normal saline. The hair growth on the back of mice was observed, and HE staining was used for histological analysis. The efficacy on human volunteers was also preliminarily evaluated. The results on mice showed that a certain mass concentration of acetyl tetrapeptide-11 could prevent hair loss and avoid the miniaturization of hair follicles and maintain epidermis firmness. The results on human volunteers showed that, the test samples had prevention effect on hair loss for all volunteers, and 85% of the volunteers gave feedback to denser hair. This study could provide a new solution and theoretical basis for hair loss prevention. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on the rheological properties of toothpastes from different production processes Gao Yan, Chen Jiewen, Xiao Lei 2023, 53 (11):  1299-1304.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2023.11.009 Abstract ( 116 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF (1305KB) ( 98 )   The rheological properties of the one-step producing toothpaste and the two-step producing toothpaste were researched by Anton Paar MCR 302 Rheometer in this paper. Results show that the two toothpastes are the pseudoplastic fluids with shear thinning behavior and the thixotropy. The two-step producing toothpaste has higher viscosity, greater yield strength and rigid structure. The one-step producing toothpaste is more elastic, and its structure recovers quickly after high-speed shearing. The temperature has more influence on the one-step producing toothpaste, and its viscosity can increase after high temperature treatment. The two-step paste production process includes the thickeners hydration and swelling procedure. In the one-step paste production process, the thickeners hydration and swelling procedure is carried out simultaneously with the abrasive adsorbing liquid material procedure, the foaming agent dissolution and emulsification procedures. Comparing with the one-step paste production process, the temperature and liquid concentration are higher during the thickener’s hydration and swelling procedure in the two-step paste production process. So, by the two-step paste production process, the molecular chain of the thickeners combines more water, unfolds more and twines more. The toothpaste has a greater cohesive force and the structure is more rigid. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Reviews

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Research progress of stimuli-responsive polymer emulsifiers Zhang Qianjie, Shan Ziyue, Zhang Dongmei, Jiang Wen, Zhang Wanping 2023, 53 (11):  1305-1314.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2023.11.010 Abstract ( 142 )   HTML ( 20 )   PDF (2068KB) ( 106 )   The advantages of polymer emulsifiers, such as good biocompatibility and flexible modification, have been recognized by researchers. Compared with small molecule surfactants, polymer emulsifiers can not only increase the viscosity of emulsion but also effectively reduce the surface tension of oil and water. Traditional polymer emulsifiers can form long-term stable emulsions, and have been widely used in food, cosmetics, pesticides, materials, petrochemical and other fields. However, in the fields of drug delivery, oil transportation and heterogeneous catalysis, long-term stable emulsions do not meet the needs of practical applications. Emulsions need to be controlled and on-demand demulsification under specific environments to achieve material release or oil-water separation to meet the requirements of applications. The stimulus-responsive polymer emulsifier can replace demulsifier in emulsion system to realize the transition from emulsion stability to rapid demulsification process under special circumstances. The reaction is controllable and sustainable, which can realize multiple response cycles, improve application efficiency and reduce the waste of resources. This paper reviews the research progress of stimulus-responsive polymer emulsifiers at home and abroad in recent years, and summarizes the action mechanism, response behavior and advantages and disadvantages of various stimulus-responsive polymer emulsifiers, such as pH, temperature, CO2, light, redox, and multiple stimulus response. The application and development status of stimulus-responsive polymer emulsifiers in medicine, cosmetics, food, oil recovery, biocatalysis and other fields are summarized, and their future development prospects are also prospected. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Metal ions: the biological effects on skin and the application in cosmetics Ma Xiaoyu, Yan Xiaojuan, Bao Xijun 2023, 53 (11):  1315-1324.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2023.11.011 Abstract ( 427 )   HTML ( 26 )   PDF (1337KB) ( 264 )   Skin tissues are rich in metal ions. Due to the complexity of skin structure, these ions exist in both free and bound forms. Metal ions have been involved in many biological processes, such as maintaining barrier homeostasis, stimulating wound healing, and balancing redox state. Given their unique characteristics of multi-targets and multi-pathways, metal ions are widely used in skincare applications, exhibiting the functions of promoting skin repairing, soothing, wrinkle reduction, tightening, whitening, etc. Herein, the biological effects and cosmetic applications of metal ions, including calcium, magnesium, potassium, zinc, strontium and copper, were systematically reviewed. The concentration and distribution of common metal ions in skin were summarized. The dermatologic effects and mechanisms were also concluded. Calcium, magnesium and potassium ions were relatively abundant in skin, and they could play important roles in stimulating wound healing, maintaining integrity of skin barrier, and strengthening the barrier. For those ions with trace amount, such as zinc, strontium, copper, iron and manganese, they could exert specific skin functions including inflammation inhibition, reduction of skin sensitivity, or modulation of redox system. In addition, the metal ion-related active ingredients in cosmetic raw materials were summarized and their skin functions were reviewed. Finally, the current limits and challenges for the use of metal ions in skin care products were proposed. This review could shed new light on the design of functional formulas and novel active components. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on packaging strategy of domestic cosmetics under economic inner circulation Ge Wenbin, Li Ao 2023, 53 (11):  1325-1333.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2023.11.012 Abstract ( 109 )   HTML ( 13 )   PDF (4604KB) ( 139 )   In the economic era of “paying for beauty”, the packaging of products decides the prerequisite impression of consumers’ impulsive purchase. Moreover, it directly affects the marketing positioning of the product and the commercial value, which is even more important than the product itself. In such context, how do domestic cosmetics break through barriers and stand out in the fierce competition against the background of the internal economic cycle? The trend of “China-Chic” that emerged in the past few years provides a good opportunity for cosmetics. The essence of the culture and art of China is integrated into the packaging design of cosmetics to reshape the perfect infusion of art and fashion and fully show the visual beauty and temperament connotation of cosmetics. Thus, the psychology of consumers could be seized more effectively during the consumption decision within a short time, and the brand of domestic cosmetics would have connotation and sense of culture to enhance the competitiveness in the market. These would be a good strength for domestic cosmetics to break through barriers under the current social background. By analyzing the economic form of the present society, the industry of cosmetics, and the value strength and defects, the paper would study the approach and solution for cultural decoration with China Chic to be integrated with the packaging design of cosmetics, hoping to provide referable suggestions for the rise of domestic cosmetics industry. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Analytical methods and testing

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Determination of 14 N-nitrosamines in hair dyes using gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry Zhang Jing, Lai Junmin, Li Siyuan, Yan Xiaohong, Ding Yi, Zhang Qihui 2023, 53 (11):  1334-1339.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2023.11.013 Abstract ( 105 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF (1198KB) ( 99 )   A gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry （GC-MS/MS） method was established for the simultaneous detection of 14 N-nitrosamines （N-nitrosodimethylamine, N-nitrosoethylmethylamine, N-nitrosodiethylamine, N-nitrosoethylisopropylamine, N-nitrosodiisopropylamine, N-nitrosoethylpropylamine, N-nitrosodipropylamine, N-nitrosodibutylamine, N-nitrosomethylaniline, nitrosoethylphenylamin, N-nitrosopiperidine, N-nitrosopyrrolidine, N-nitrosomorpholine, N-nitrosodiphenylamine） in hair dyes. Pretreating based on QuEChERS method, the analytes were separated by polyethylene glycol quartz capillary gas chromatographic column HP-INNOWAX （30 m×0.25 mm×0.25 µm） following the GC temperature program. Mass spectrometric ionization was undertaken in electron impact （EI） ionization mode, and the MS detector was operated in multiple reaction monitoring （MRM） mode including quantitative ion pair and qualitative ion pair for all analytes. The correlation coefficients of the standard calibration curves are greater than 0.998 in the range of 5-100 μg/L. The limits of detection are 0.2-1.5 µg/L, and the limits of quantification are 0.6-5 µg/L, respectively. The average recoveries of 14 N-nitrosamines range from 83.8% to 122.8% at the spiked levels of 25, 50 and 100 µg/kg, with the relative standard deviations （RSDs） less than 11% （n=6）. N-nitroso-n-methylaniline is detected at the level of 31 µg/kg in one hair dye sample. The developed method is simple, rapid, exclusive, sensitive, accurate and precise. This method can be applied in the identification and quantitative of 14 N-nitrosamines in hair dyes. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Determination of cannabidiol and tetrahydrocannabinol in cosmetics by isotope dilution-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry Li Changyu, Hu Dan, Liao Shangfu, Lu Yan, Yang Ming 2023, 53 (11):  1340-1344.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2023.11.014 Abstract ( 94 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF (1254KB) ( 81 )   A method for the determination of cannabidiol （CBD） and tetrahydrocannabinol （THC） in cosmetics was established by using isotope dilution-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry （GC-MS）. The samples were ultrasonically extracted with acetonitrile, then the sample solution was prepared after centrifugation, and the analytes were separated on HP-5MS column （30 m×250 μm×0.25 μm）, detected by full-scan and selected-ion monitoring, quantified by isotope （Tetrahydrocannabinol-D3，THC-D3） internal standard method. The results show that the standard curves have good linear relationship in the range of 0.05-1.0 mg/L for CBD and THC, with the linear correlation coefficients greater than 0.995. The detection limits of the method （S/N=3） are 0.05, 0.20 mg/kg, respectively, and the spiked recoveries in three levels are between 92.0%-111.1% with the RSDs of 0.40%-9.9%. The method is simple, rapid, high sensitivity and suitable for the determination of cannabidiol and tetrahydrocannabinol in cosmetics. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Determination of ferulic acid and baicalin content in Gui Qin toothpaste and its pharmacodynamic study Zheng Lixia, Gao Huiqin, Li Sa, Guo Congjia, Hao Qianying, Wu Guotai 2023, 53 (11):  1345-1350.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2023.11.015 Abstract ( 93 )   HTML ( 9 )   PDF (1174KB) ( 80 )   A method for determining the content of ferulic acid and baicalein in the toothpaste by high performance liquid chromatography （HPLC） was established, and its pharmacological effects such as anti-inflammatory, analgesic and hemostatic effects were studied. Angelica and Baical skullcap root are the main medicines of Gui Qin toothpaste. The content of ferulic acid and baicalein, the main components of Gui Qin toothpaste, was determined by HPLC. The column was Agilent ZOBAX SB C18 （2.1 mm×150 mm, 5 μm）, the mobile phase was acetonitrile-0.2% acetic acid aqueous solution （gradient elutation）, the flow rate was 1.0 mL/min, the detection wavelength was 320 nm, and the column temperature was 35 ℃. The anti-inflammatory, analgesic and hemostatic effects of Gui Qin toothpaste were investigated by establishing a model of xylene-induced ear swelling, mouse hot plate method and mouse liver wound bleeding model. The expression of inflammatory factors such as tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）, interleukin-1β （IL-1β） and interleukin-6 （IL-6） in the mouse ear tissues was detected by ELISA. The injection rates of ferulic acid and baicalin show a good linear relationship between the injection concentration and the peak area in the range of 3.04-304 μg/mL and 2.86-286 μg/mL, respectively （R2>0.999 7）. The RSDs of the precision, stability and repeatability tests are less than 3.0%. The average dosing recovery rates are 98.95% and 99.87%, and the RSDs are 1.51% and 0.22%, respectively. The sample should contain no less than 0.54 mg of ferulic acid per 1 g and no less than 16.8 mg of baicalin. The HPLC method has strong specificity, good repeatability and stability, and can be used for quality control of Gui Qin toothpaste. Pharmacodynamic experiments have shown that Gui Qin toothpaste has good anti-inflammatory, analgesic and hemostatic effects. This study provides an experimental basis for the development and clinical application of Gui Qin toothpaste in the later stage. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Determination of the active ingredients in Phryma leptostachya L. by UPLC-qTOF-MS/MS Chen Pingping, Xu Quansheng, Jiang Rui, Feng Songhao 2023, 53 (11):  1351-1360.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-2806.2023.11.016 Abstract ( 101 )   HTML ( 9 )   PDF (1245KB) ( 141 )   An ultra-high performance liquid chromatography （UPLC） coupled with electrospray quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry （ESI-qTOF-MS） method was developed for the rapid separation and identification of the components in Phryma leptostachya L.. The samples were eluted on an ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 C18 column （2.1 mm×100 mm, 1.8 μm） with a gradient of 0.1% formic acid （solvent A） and acetonitrile （solvent B） as the mobile phases at a flow rate of 0.25 mL/min. The chromatographic analysis of Phryma leptostachya L. by UPLC-qTOF-MS/MS identifies the characterization of 47 compounds, 15 of which are clearly identified by comparison with reference standards. For quantitative analysis, 15 major compounds are simultaneously detected in 12 batches of Phryma leptostachya L. samples using UPLC-DAD at 210 nm, 260 nm and 326 nm. The method is validated in terms of precision, reproducibility, stability and accuracy. In conclusion, this study provides a potential method for the overall quality control of Phryma leptostachya L.. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics