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2020年, 第50卷, 第8期　刊出日期：2020-08-22 上一期    下一期

基础研究

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协同效应对复配体系表面化学性能及聚集体的影响 Effects of synergy on the surface activities and aggregates of surfactant mixtures 何彬彬,沈俊,许虎君,王雯瑄 2020 (8):  509-515.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-1803.2020.08.001 摘要 ( 432 )   HTML ( 17 )   PDF(1121KB) ( 507 )   将N-月桂酰基谷氨酸钠（SLG）分别与十二烷基三甲基氯化铵（DTAC）和十二烷基甜菜碱（BS-12）以不同比例混合,研究不同类型表面活性剂之间的相互作用对表面化学性能和形成胶束的影响。通过规则溶液理论研究了不同摩尔比的复配体系的表面化学性质,使用激光光散射表征复配体系的胶束分布和平均流体力学半径,使用荧光探针法测量复配体系的微极性和胶束聚集数。结果表明,两个复配体系均表现出全面增效的协同作用,均在SLG摩尔分数x=50%时表现出最佳协同效应,并且阴离子表面活性剂与阳离子表面活性剂之间具有更强的作用力。SLG/DTAC复配体系在10倍cmc下趋向于产生单一稳定且小于单一组分的聚集体,SLG/BS-12复配体系在10倍cmc下形成棒状胶束,胶束大小分布较宽。 The mixture of sodium N-lauroyl glutamate （SLG） and dodecyltrimethylammonium chloride （DTAC） and the mixture of SLG and dodecyl betaine （BS-12） in different ratios were studied to investigate the effects of the interactions between different types of surfactants on surface chemical properties and micelle formation. The surface chemical properties of the mixed systems with different molar ratios were investigated by regular solution theory. Laser light scattering was used to characterize the micelle distribution and average hydrodynamic radius of the mixed systems. Fluorescence probing method was used to measure micropolarity and micellar aggregation number. The results indicated that both the mixed systems showed synergy of overall enhancement. The two systems showed the best synergy when x （SLG） =50%, and the interaction between anionic and cationic surfactants was stronger. The SLG/DTAC system tended to produce single stable aggregates at a concentration of ten times cmc, but the size after mixing was smaller than that of single components. The SLG/BS-12 system formed rod-shaped micelles at a concentration of ten times cmc, and the micelle size distribution was wide. 数据和表 | 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

科技讲座

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两亲聚合物设计合成及其增效体系研究（VIII）—— 剪切降解与恢复特性 Study on the design and synthesis of amphiphilic polymers and their synergistic systems （VIII）Shear degradation and recovery characteristics 康万利,王芳,杨红斌,朱彤宇,Bauyrzhan Sarsenbekuly 2020 (8):  516-522.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-1803.2020.08.002 摘要 ( 226 )   HTML ( 11 )   PDF(1170KB) ( 331 )   阐述了不同结构和浓度的两亲聚合物的剪切降解及恢复特性,同时对两亲聚合物增效体系的剪切性能进行了相关拓展。进一步从注入速度、温度、矿化度、老化时间等油田实际影响因素出发,探讨了不同因素对两亲聚合物剪切特性和黏度恢复特性的影响规律。最后对抗剪切两亲聚合物的发展趋势进行了展望,可为抗剪切功能两亲聚合物的设计及应用提供理论和技术基础。 The shear degradation and recovery characteristics of amphiphilic polymers with various structure and concentration have been described, and the shear-resistance and viscosity-recovery performances of the supramolecular systems based on amphiphilic polymers have been introduced. Considering the actual oilfield factors, such as injection rate, temperature, salinity, and aging time, the shear characteristics and viscosity-recovery performance of amphiphilic polymers under the influence of various factors have been summarized. Finally, the development trend of anti-shear amphiphilic polymers has been prospected, which can provide theoretical and technical basis for the design and application of anti-shear amphiphilic polymers. 数据和表 | 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

开发与应用

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超声条件下离子与表面活性剂对低阶煤泥浮选的影响 Effects of ions and surfactant on low-rank coal slime flotation under ultrasonic conditions 孙小乐,郭建英,谢炙轩,张雷,杨志超,刘生玉 2020 (8):  523-528.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-1803.2020.08.003 摘要 ( 226 )   HTML ( 8 )   PDF(1446KB) ( 274 )   低阶煤中有机质与矿物质润湿性的差异决定了浮选作业的效果,为提高低阶煤的浮选效率,采用先后吸附钙离子与表面活性剂（C12EO15）,再用超声波脱附C12EO15的方法处理低阶煤泥。结果表明,钙离子会促进C12EO15吸附在有机质表面,吸附量由7.14 mg/g提升至7.39 mg/g。当脱附处理60 s后,C12EO15会从有机质表面脱附下来,但会进一步吸附在矿物质表面。脱附处理后有机质表面疏水官能团与亲水官能团的含量同时增加,润湿热值由31.79 J/g提升至32.93 J/g。随脱附时间的增加,浮选精煤的产率与精煤灰分也随之上升,脱附处理30 s时,可以得到较优浮选效果,精煤产率为72.01%,精煤灰分为30.85%。 The quality of flotation depends on the different wettability between organic and mineral matter. A method was adopted in order to promote the performance of low-rank coal flotation, in which the low-rank coal slime first adsorbed calcium ions and then surfactant molecules （C12EO15） and reached adsorption equilibrium, and was finally treated by ultrasonic wave to desorb the surfactant. The results indicated that calcium ions could promote the adsorption of C12EO15 on the surface of organic matter, in which the adsorption capacity was increased from 7.14 mg/g to 7.39 mg/g. When the time of desorption treatment reached 60 s, C12EO15 molecules would desorb from the surface of organic matter but further adsorb on the surface of mineral matter. The amounts of hydrophilic and hydrophobic functional groups on the surface of organic matter both increased after desorption treatment, and the wetting heat was improved from 31.79 J/g to 32.93 J/g. As the time of desorption treatment increased, the yield and ash content of clean coal increased, respectively. When the time of desorption treatment was 30 s, the best flotation performance could be obtained, in which the yield of clean coal was 72.01% and the ash content of clean coal was 30.85%. 数据和表 | 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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用于组合活性物透皮共递送的环糊精复合物传质体的制备与表征 Preparation and characterization of active-in-cyclodextrin-in-transfersomes for combined drug transdermal co-delivery 佘岚岚,赵炳天,杨成 2020 (8):  529-535.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-1803.2020.08.004 摘要 ( 329 )   HTML ( 10 )   PDF(1099KB) ( 514 )   以卵磷脂、胆固醇、表面活性剂为壁材制备传质体,通过薄膜水合法分别将苯乙基间苯二酚（PR）与白藜芦醇/羟丙基-β-环糊精（RSV/HP-β-CD）复合物包封在传质体的磷脂双分子层和水性隔室中,获得环糊精复合物传质体（DCTs）。研究了膜软化剂及其添加量、添加方式对DCTs粒径、PDI、Zeta电位、包封率的影响。结果表明,使用0.012 mol/L的T20制得的DCTs粒径较小,为112.43 nm,PDI为0.16,Zeta电位为-34.90 mV,PR与RSV包封率最高,分别为77.07%和60.67%。通过对DCTs体外释放、透皮、细胞毒性及B16-F10细胞内黑色素含量研究,发现DCTs实现了活性物缓释并防止活性物降解,减小了组合活性物透皮递送的渗透性差异,降低了游离活性物的细胞毒性,增强了组合活性物的协同效果,从而减少了B16-F10细胞的黑素生成。 Active-in-cyclodextrin-in-transfersomes （DCTs）, which encapsulated phenylethyl resorcinol （PR） and resveratrol/hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin （RSV/HP-β-CD） inclusion complexes in the phospholipid bilayer and aqueous compartments of the transfersomes, were prepared by thin film hydration using lecithin, cholesterol, and surfactant as encapsulation materials. The effects of edge activator, their concentrations and addition methods on the particle size, PDI, Zeta potential and encapsulation efficiency of DCTs were studied. Results show that the particle size of DCTs prepared by 0.012 mol/L Tween 20 is 112.43 nm, PDI is 0.16, Zeta potential is -34.90 mV, and the high entrapment efficiency of PR and RSV are achieved as 77.07% and 60.67%, respectively. Through in vitro release, transdermal, cytotoxicity and melanin content in B16-F10 cells of DCTs, it was found that DCTs achieved drug sustained release and prevented drug degradation, reduced the permeability difference of transdermal delivery of combination drugs, decreased the cytotoxicity of free drugs, enhanced the synergistic effect of the combination drug, and reduced the melanin content of B16-F10 cells. 数据和表 | 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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薰衣草精油和亚洲薄荷精油促毛发生长作用的研究 Study on the hair growth promotion effect of lavender essential oil and Asian mint essential oil 李蕊,张楠,姚雷,李玉红 2020 (8):  536-541.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-1803.2020.08.005 摘要 ( 518 )   HTML ( 13 )   PDF(1122KB) ( 482 )   通过体外细胞实验和脱发小鼠模型,研究了薰衣草精油与亚洲薄荷精油对毛发生长的促进作用。通过细胞实验考察两种精油对人永生角质形成细胞血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）和角质形成细胞生长因子（KGF）分泌的影响;通过小鼠模型考察两种精油对新生毛发生长长度、脱毛区皮肤组织学变化、毛囊数目、真皮厚度、皮肤VEGF和KGF表达的影响。结果表明,两种精油均能促进毛发伸长,增加脱毛区皮肤毛囊数目和真皮层厚度,延长毛发处于生长期的时间,但二者的作用机制不同;薰衣草精油促进KGF的分泌,亚洲薄荷精油则促进VEGF的分泌,动物实验结果与细胞实验结果相符。说明薰衣草精油和亚洲薄荷精油均有促毛发生长的功效。 The effects of lavender （Lavandula angustifolia） essential oil and Asian mint （Mentha asiatica） essential oil on hair growth were studied by cell experiment in vitro and hair loss mouse model. The effects of two essential oils on the secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF） and keratinocyte growth factor （KGF） of human immortalized keratinocytes were detected by cell experiment. The effects of two essential oils on hair regrowth length, histological changes of skin in depilated area, number of hair follicles, thickness of dermis, and expressions of skin VEGF and KGF were studied by mouse model. The results show that both lavender essential oil and Asian mint essential oil can promote hair elongation, increase the number of hair follicles and dermal thickness in the depilated area, and prolong the anagen hair cycle in mice. However, their mechanisms might be different. Lavender essential oil promotes the secretion of KGF, while Asian mint essential oil increases the secretion of VEGF. The results of animal experiments are consistent with those of cell experiments. It demonstrates that both lavender essential oil and Asian mint essential oil have hair-promoting effects. 数据和表 | 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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月桂酸改性氧化锌纳米颗粒的Pickering乳化性能研究 Study on the Pickering emulsifying properties of zinc oxide nanoparticles modified by lauric acid 刘建平,李加兴,吴志康,胡晨毓 2020 (8):  542-546.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-1803.2020.08.006 摘要 ( 333 )   HTML ( 12 )   PDF(1290KB) ( 531 )   研究了不同程度月桂酸表面改性氧化锌纳米颗粒的Pickering乳化性能。通过调节月桂酸用量来改变氧化锌纳米颗粒表面亲疏水性（接触角θ）,并探讨了不同接触角氧化锌纳米颗粒稳定的Pickering乳液的乳滴粒径、相转变及稳定性变化规律。结果表明,部分亲水的氧化锌纳米颗粒稳定（三相接触角40°~60°）的O/W型乳液具有最小的液滴尺寸和最优的稳定性。在最优条件下利用Pickering乳液聚合法制备了表面负载氧化锌纳米颗粒的有机硅弹性微球,粒径为5~20 μm。 The Pickering emulsifying properties of lauric acid-modified zinc oxide nanoparticles were studied. By adjusting the amount of lauric acid, the wettability （contact angle θ） of ZnO nanoparticles were changed, and the droplet size, phase transition and stability of the Pickering emulsions stabilized by ZnO nanoparticles with different contact angles were discussed. The results indicated that by using ZnO nanoparticles that were partially hydrophilic （three-phase contact angle of 40°-60°）, the O/W Pickering emulsion thus prepared exhibited the smallest droplet size and optimal stability. Furthermore, silicone elastic microspheres with ZnO nanoparticles on the surface were prepared under the optimal conditions by Pickering emulsion polymerization, and the particle size of silicone elastic microspheres was 5-20 μm. 数据和表 | 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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鞣花酸的稳定性及其保护研究 Study on the stability and protection of ellagic acid 骆菊文,蒋新元,徐佳敏,杨嘉慧,王海晶,贺靖雁,伍佑辉 2020 (8):  547-552.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-1803.2020.08.007 摘要 ( 1106 )   HTML ( 26 )   PDF(977KB) ( 788 )   使用乳化法提高了鞣花酸的分散性,并研究了鞣花酸水溶液和乳液在不同处理温度、紫外光照射及部分介质溶液中的稳定性。结果表明,鞣花酸水溶液在存放过程中稳定性逐渐下降,高的处理温度、紫外光照射及无机盐NaCl、羧基纤维素纳等添加剂均不利于鞣花酸水溶液的稳定性,甘油、β-环糊精等添加剂则有利于提高鞣花酸水溶液的稳定性,鞣花酸经过乳化后可提高鞣花酸在存放过程中的稳定性。 The dispersibility of ellagic acid was improved by emulsification, and the stability of ellagic acid aqueous solution and emulsion in different treatment temperatures, ultraviolet irradiation and partial medium solutions was studied. The results show that the stability of the ellagic acid aqueous solution gradually decreased during storage. High treatment temperature, UV irradiation, inorganic salt NaCl, carboxyl cellulose sodium and other additives are not conducive to the stability of ellagic acid aqueous solution, while glycerin, β-cyclodextrin and other additives are beneficial to the stability of ellagic acid aqueous solution. The emulsification of ellagic acid can improve the stability of ellagic acid during storage. 数据和表 | 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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一种中草药复合物化妆品的祛痘抗炎功效评价研究 Evaluation on the anti-acne and anti-inflammatory effects of Chinese herbal composite cosmetics 刘婷,刘芳,陈亮,龚盛昭 2020 (8):  553-559.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-1803.2020.08.008 摘要 ( 689 )   HTML ( 39 )   PDF(1194KB) ( 748 )   研究了5种中草药复合醇提取物和含有该5种中草药复合醇提物的祛痘精华液的安全性和功效性,用痤疮丙酸杆菌进行体外抑菌实验;用脂多糖LPS诱导RAW264.7小鼠巨噬细胞建立的炎症模型,进行抗炎功效测试;同时用红细胞溶血测试进行刺激性评估;最后通过含有该5种中草药复合提取物的祛痘精华液进行人体斑贴安全性测试及祛痘功效测试并与市售某款含1%水杨酸有效成分的热销祛痘产品进行对比。结果显示含有此5种中草药复合醇提物的祛痘精华液安全、温和且具有祛痘抗炎作用。 The safety and efficacy of the extract from the mixture of 5 kinds of Chinese herbal medicines and the acne care essence containing this extract were studied. In vitro bacteriostasis experiment was conducted using the acne propionibacterium. Inflammatory model of with lipopolysaccharide （LPS）-induced RAW264.7 mice macrophage was set up for the anti-inflammatory efficacy test. Irritation was evaluated by RBC hemolysis test. Finally, the acne care essence containing the extract from the mixtrue of five kinds of Chinese herbal medicines was evaluated in the aspects of safety （human body patch test） and acne efficacytest, and it was also compared with a best-selling acne care product containing the active ingredient of 1% salicylic acid. The results showed that the acne care essence containing the extract from the mixtrue of five kinds of Chinese herbal medicines was safe and mild and had anti-acne effect. 数据和表 | 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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柚皮苷对紫外线诱导小鼠皮肤屏障损伤的保护作用及机制研究 Protective effect and mechanism of naringin on UV-induced skin barrier damage in mice 车飙,王静,邓明高,韩萍,陈惠雄,杜志云 2020 (8):  560-565.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-1803.2020.08.009 摘要 ( 440 )   HTML ( 11 )   PDF(1228KB) ( 360 )   研究了柚皮苷对紫外线诱导昆明小鼠皮肤屏障损伤的保护作用。将25只SPF级昆明小鼠随机分为5组：空白对照组,模型组（UV照射组）,阳性对照组（28.39 mmol/L维生素C）,低、高剂量柚皮苷涂抹组（0.35和3.5 mmol/L柚皮苷）。除空白对照组,其他4组小鼠模拟日光紫外线（UVA + UVB）照射,建立小鼠光损伤皮肤模型,每次UV照射前,提前2 h分别涂抹相同剂量（100 μL/只）的药物。通过测试小鼠皮肤经表皮失水（TEWL）、H&E染色、胶原纤维染色（Masson染色）,以及小鼠皮肤组织中的超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）的活力,丙二醛（MDA）的含量,活性氧（ROS）清除能力来探究柚皮苷对皮肤光损伤的作用途径;免疫组化染色（IHC染色）检测丝聚合蛋白（FLG）、内披蛋白（IVL）、水通道蛋白3 （AQP3）以评价柚皮苷对紫外线损伤皮肤的屏障相关功能。与模型组相比,柚皮苷涂抹组小鼠皮肤抑制皮肤表皮厚度增加,给药组胶原量增加;低、高剂量柚皮苷涂抹组可以显著减少光损伤小鼠皮肤中水分的流失（p<0.05）;柚皮苷显著提高小鼠皮肤组织中SOD、CAT的活力（p<0.05）,显著降低MDA的含量（p<0.05）及清除ROS的含量;IHC染色研究表明柚皮苷涂抹组皮肤中FLG、IVL、AQP3蛋白表达量增加（p<0.05）。 The protective effect of naringin on UV-induced skin barrier damage in KM mice was studied. Twenty-five SPF KM mice were randomly divided into 5 groups: blank control group, UV model group （UV irradiation group）, positive control group （28.39 mmol/L vitamin C）, low and high-dose naringin smear groups （0.35, 3.5 mmol/L naringin）. Except for the blank control group, the other four groups of mice were simulated with sunlight ultraviolet （UVA+UVB） radiation to establish a mouse photo-damaged skin model. Before each UV irradiation, the same amount （100 μL/mouse） of naringin with the indicated dose was applied 2 h in advance. The effects of naringin on skin photodamage were investigated by testing the skin TEWL, H&E staining, Masson staining, the activities of superoxide dismutase （SOD） and catalase （CAT）, malondialdehyde （MDA） content, and the scavenging ability of reactive oxygen species （ROS） in mice skin tissues. Moreover, immunohistochemical staining （IHC staining） of filaggrin （FLG）, involucrin （IVL） and aquaporin 3 （AQP3） was used to evaluate the skin barrier-related functions of naringin against UV-damaged skin. Compared with the model group, the skin of the naringin administration group inhibited the increase in skin epidermal thickness, and the amount of collagen in the administration group increased; the low and high-dose naringin smear group could significantly reduce the loss of water in the skin of mice with UV damage （p<0.05）. Naringin significantly increased the activity of SOD and CAT （p<0.05）, significantly reduced the content of MDA （p<0.05）, and eliminated the content of ROS in the skin of mice. IHC staining study showed that the protein expression level of FLG, IVL and AQP3 increased in the naringin-administered group （p<0.05）. 数据和表 | 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

专论与综述

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油包水乳化体系稳定性的研究与分析 Study and analysis on the stability of water-in-oil emulsions 张冉冉,杜玉兰,范培浩,张云贤 2020 (8):  566-571.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-1803.2020.08.010 摘要 ( 704 )   HTML ( 46 )   PDF(989KB) ( 904 )   主要对影响油包水乳化稳定性的各种因素进行了讨论。通过对乳化剂、油相原料、水相原料、粉体等原料因素,以及生产过程中温度、黏度等工艺条件因素进行分析,对一些现象进行了定性解释。 The factors that affect the stability of water-in-oil emulsions were mainly discussed. Through the analysis of emulsifiers, oil-phase raw materials, water-phase raw materials, powders and other raw material factors, as well as the process conditions such as temperature and viscosity in the preparation process, some phenomena were qualitatively explained. 数据和表 | 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

分析与检测

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气相色谱质谱法测定日化用品中的卡拉花醛 Determination of karanal in daily chemicals by GC-MS 刘婷,汤杭燕,朱丽萍,郭方龙,刘海山,严颖鹏 2020 (8):  572-575.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-1803.2020.08.011 摘要 ( 348 )   HTML ( 10 )   PDF(940KB) ( 435 )   建立了气相色谱质谱联用法测定日化用品中卡拉花醛,以甲醇为提取溶剂,超声提取,经膜过滤后,过滤液直接进行气相色谱质谱测定,外标法定量。结果表明,该方法最低定量限为0.5 μg/g,在0.05~10 mg/L的质量浓度范围内,峰面积和质量浓度呈现良好的线性关系,当添加水平分别为0.5,5和10 μg/g时,加标回收率为70.1% ~96.9%,方法精密度 （RSD,n=6）为6.0%~6.8%。该方法适用范围广,可操作性强,简便快捷,准确可靠,可满足日化用品中卡拉花醛的测试需求。 A method for the determination of karanal in daily chemicals by gas chromatography mass spectrometry （GC-MS） was established. It was ultrasonically extracted by methanol as extraction solvent. After membrane filtration, the filtrate was directly determined by GC-MS, and quantitative by external standard method. The results show that the limit of quantity is 0.5 μg/g. In the range of 0.05-10 mg/L, there is a good linear relationship between the peak area and the mass concentration of karanal. The average recoveries at three spiked levels of 0.5, 5 and 10 μg/g change from 70.1% to 96.9%, and the precisions （RSD, n=6） vary from 6.0% to 6.8%. The method has the advantages of wide application, strong operability, simplicity, rapidity, accuracy and reliability, and can meet the testing requirements of karanal in daily chemical products. 数据和表 | 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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顶空-气相色谱法测定化妆品中甲基丙烯酸甲酯含量 Determination of methyl methacrylate in cosmetics by headspace gas chromatography 郑国灿,陈江,王晶,彭光宇 2020 (8):  576-580.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-1803.2020.08.012 摘要 ( 489 )   HTML ( 12 )   PDF(1526KB) ( 707 )   建立了化妆品中甲基丙烯酸甲酯的顶空-气相色谱测定方法。样品经丙酮溶解后,采用顶空-气相色谱-氢火焰离子化检测器检测,以外标法定量。方法检出限为6 mg/kg,定量限为20 mg/kg。甲基丙烯酸甲酯在10~500 mg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数r为0.999 7,在水基类、粉类、霜乳类、油类化妆品中的平均回收率为98.2%~103.0%,相对标准偏差为2.8%~7.6％。方法前处理简单,灵敏度高,经过8家检测机构的验证,准确可靠,可满足水基类、粉类、霜乳类以及油类化妆品中甲基丙烯酸甲酯的检测要求。 A new method was developed for the determination of methyl methacrylate （MMA） in cosmetics by headspace gas chromatography （HS-GC）. After being dissolved in acetone, the samples were determined by headspace gas chromatography-hydrogen flame ionization detector （HS-GC-FID） and quantified by external standard method. The LOD and LOQ of method were 6 and 20 mg/kg, respectively. There existed a good linearity for the MMA in the mass concentration range of 10~500 mg/L, with the correlation coefficient of 0.999 7. The average recoveries of MMA in the cosmetics （water-based, powder, emulsion, oiliness） were in the ranges of 98.2%~103.0% with their RSDs of 2.8%~7.6％. The optimized method is accurate, rapid and sensitive with simple pretreatment. It has been validated by eight testing institutions , and is suitable for the determination of MMA in cosmetics （water-based, powder, emulsion, oiliness）. 数据和表 | 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标