当期目录

2020年, 第50卷, 第4期　刊出日期：2020-04-22 上一期    下一期

基础研究

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CTAC/NaSal表面活性剂棒状胶束自组装行为的介观布朗动力学模拟 Mesoscale Brownian dynamics simulation on the self-assembly behaviors of rodlike micelles of CTAC/NaSal surfactants 李俊,张兴芳,张成伟,徐娜 2020 (4):  213-219.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-1803.2020.04.001 摘要 ( 618 )   HTML ( 105 )   PDF(1759KB) ( 856 )   表面活性剂分子在溶液中能够自组装形成多种形式的胶束结构,使溶液呈现出不同的流动特性。表面活性剂分子的自组装行为是其众多实际应用的重要基础,因此也一直是研究热点。表面活性剂分子的自组装行为受溶液条件（质量浓度、温度、流动强度等）影响显著,但目前实验条件下很难直观地、定量地对不同溶液条件下表面活性剂分子自组装行为进行系统监测和研究。本文选取CTAC/NaSal棒状胶束溶液系统为研究对象,通过介观布朗动力学模拟计算,系统研究了不同质量浓度、温度、剪切强度下CTAC棒状胶束的自组装行为。研究表明,溶液的质量浓度、温度以及对溶液施加的剪切强度对CTAC棒状胶束的自组装能力都具有促进和抑制的两面性影响,即适当的质量浓度、温度及剪切强度有利于CTAC棒状胶束之间的自组装;相反,过高或过低的质量浓度、温度及剪切强度都不利于CTAC棒状胶束之间的自组装。 Surfactant molecules can self-assemble into a variety of micellar structures in solution, and consequently, the surfactant solution presents diverse flow characteristics. The self-assembly behavior of surfactant molecules is the important basis of surfactant practical applications, which therefore has been a research hot spot in this field. But the self-assembly process is significantly affected by solution conditions （mass concentration, temperature, flow intensity, etc.）, and can barely be tested visually and quantitatively under the present experimental conditions. Herein, the self-assembly behaviors of rodlike micelles in CTAC/NaSal surfactant solutions were systematically studied under different mass concentrations, temperatures and shear rates, utilizing the mesoscale Brownian dynamics simulation. It was found that the solution conditions, namely, mass concentration, temperature and shear rate, showed dual influence on the self-assembly behaviors of CTAC rodlike micelles. That was, the appropriate solution condition promoted the self-assembly between CTAC rodlike micelles, but the excessively strong/weak solution condition suppressed the self-assembly. 数据和表 | 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

科技讲座

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两亲聚合物设计合成及其增效体系研究（Ⅳ）——主客体包合作用 Study on the design and synthesis of amphiphilic polymers and their synergistic systems （Ⅳ） Host-guest inclusion 康万利,张敏,张弘文,康鑫,杨红斌,王芳 2020 (4):  220-226.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-1803.2020.04.002 摘要 ( 606 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF(1097KB) ( 706 )   综述了近些年两亲聚合物体系的主客体包合作用,主要介绍了环糊精的基本结构与性质、主客体包合原理、环糊精与两亲聚合物的包合作用以及包合体系性能的影响因素。环糊精与两亲聚合物的包合作用包括了环糊精分别与金刚烷疏水基团、单尾结构基团以及孪尾结构基团的包合作用。最后分别从矿化度、温度以及剪切作用等方面阐述了包合体系性能的影响,展望了在三次采油中的应用前景。 The host-guest inclusion of amphiphilic polymer systems in recent years has been reviewed. The basic structure and properties of cyclodextrins, the principle of host-guest inclusion, the inclusion of cyclodextrins with amphiphilic polymers, and the factors affecting the performance of the system have been introduced. The inclusion of cyclodextrins with amphiphilic polymers with adamantane hydrophobic group, single-tailed structure group and twin-tailed structure group has been introduced, respectively. Finally, the effects of the properties of inclusion systems were described in terms of salinity, temperature and shear. The application in tertiary oil recovery is also prospected. 数据和表 | 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

开发与应用

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O/W膏霜流变性与厚重感关系研究 Study on the relationship between rheological properties and the thickness of O/W creams 蒋彤,张晨,张志伟,沈玲华,张婉萍,方波 2020 (4):  227-232.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-1803.2020.04.003 摘要 ( 475 )   HTML ( 13 )   PDF(2000KB) ( 702 )   研究了不同厚重程度指数O/W膏霜的流变学性质,并用非线性共转Jeffreys模型和Maxwell本构方程分别描述其流动曲线和线性黏弹性。结果表明：随着厚重程度指数增大,膏霜的表观黏度、低剪切速率（$\dot{\gamma}$<20 s -1）下的应力值、黏弹性模量等流变学指标均增大。其中,lg$\eta_{0}$（共转Jeffreys本构方程中的零剪切黏度）、$\tau$（$\dot{\gamma}$=10 s -1）、lg G*（$\gamma$=1%）与厚重程度指数呈明显的线性关系。流变学指标与厚重程度指数的定量研究可用于预测其厚重程度。 The rheological properties of O/W creams with different thickness index were investigated. The flow curves were fitted in nonlinear co-rotation Jeffreys model, while linear viscoelastic curves were described by Maxwell constitutive equation. The results showed that with the increase of the thickness index, rheological properties such as apparent viscosity, shear stress at low shear rate ($\dot{\gamma}$<20 s -1) and viscoelastic modulus increased. Meanwhile, lg $\eta_{0}$（viscosity in nonlinear co-rotation Jeffreys model） , $\tau$ ($\dot{\gamma}$=10 s -1) and lg G*($\gamma$=1%) showed clear linear relationship with the thickness index. Quantitative studies of rheological properties and thickness index could be used to predict the thickness degree. 数据和表 | 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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长链烷基二甲苯磺酸的制备与性能研究 Preparation and properties of long-chain alkyl xylene sulfonic acid 乔建芬,李建波 2020 (4):  233-237.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-1803.2020.04.004 摘要 ( 623 )   HTML ( 10 )   PDF(1452KB) ( 870 )   以C15~19烷基二甲苯为原料,采用气体SO3鼓泡式磺化工艺合成了长链烷基二甲苯磺酸,并经红外光谱与核磁氢谱对其结构进行了表征。经单因素试验得到了长链烷基二甲苯磺酸的优化磺化工艺条件：SO3与烷基二甲苯摩尔比为1.2∶1,SO3体积分数为8%,磺化温度为（45±3） ℃,老化时间为20 min,水解时间为10 min,此时产品中长链烷基二甲苯磺酸的质量分数可达94.5%以上。通过平衡表面张力与动态接触角研究了长链烷基二甲苯磺酸盐的表面活性,结果表明,长链烷基二甲苯磺酸盐的临界胶束浓度（cmc）和平衡表面张力（γcmc）分别为1.08×10 -2 mmol/L和31.45 mN/m,其浓度高于4倍cmc时,对石腊膜呈现出润湿性。 Long-chain alkyl xylene sulfonic acid was synthesized from C15~19 alkyl xylene by SO3 bubbling sulfonation and characterized by FT-IR and 1H NMR. The sulfonation conditions of long-chain alkyl xylene sulfonic acid were investigated by single factor test with its mass fraction in the product as the index. When SO3 reacted with alkyl xylene at a mole ratio of 1.2∶1, sulfonation temperature of （45±3） oC, volume fraction of SO3 vapor of 8%, aging time of 20 min, and hydrolysis time of 10 min, the mass fraction of long-chain alkyl xylene sulfonic acid in the product could exceed 94.5%. The surface activity of long-chain alkyl xylene sulfonate was investigated by the measurement of static surface tension and dynamic contact angle. The results indicated that, the critical micelle concentration （cmc） and surface tension at cmc （γcmc） of long-chain alkyl xylene sulfonate were 1.08×10 -2 mmol/L and 31.45 mN/m at 298 K, respectively. When the concentration of long-chain alkyl xylene sulfonate was higher than 4 cmc, it showed wettability to paraffin film. 数据和表 | 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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反相乳液法制备聚丙烯酰胺微球及其性能研究 Preparation of polyacrylamide microspheres by inverse emulsion method and their properties 刘垚,马建中,杨海恩,曹荣荣,张康,吕斌 2020 (4):  238-243.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-1803.2020.04.005 摘要 ( 964 )   HTML ( 25 )   PDF(1639KB) ( 790 )   以丙烯酰胺（AM）为主单体,2-丙烯酰胺-2-甲基丙磺酸（AMPS）为功能单体,N,N'-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺（MBA）为交联剂,通过反相乳液聚合法制备了聚丙烯酰胺微球。优化反应较佳合成条件为：油水质量比13∶7,m（AM）∶m（AMPS）=7∶1,交联剂用量2.9%,引发剂用量0.06%,此时乳液平均粒径为278 nm,黏度最小。采用FT-IR、SEM、TG及RS6000流变仪对产物的结构、形貌和性能进行了分析。结果表明,成功合成了目标产物,乳液呈现高分散度的光滑微球,具有较好的黏弹性及耐温耐盐性能。 Polyacrylamide microspheres were prepared by inverse emulsion polymerization with acrylamide （AM） as the main monomer, 2-acrylamide-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid （AMPS） as the functional monomer, and N, N'-methylenebisacrylamide （MBA） as the crosslinking agent. The optimal conditions of synthesis were oil-water mass ratio of 13∶7, m（AM）∶m（AMPS）=7∶1, the amount of crosslinking agent of 2.9%, and the amount of initiator of 0.06%. The average particle size of the emulsion thus obtained was 278 nm with a minimum viscosity. FT-IR, SEM, TG and RS6000 rheometers were used to analyze the structure, morphology and properties of the products. The results showed that the target product was successfully synthesized. The emulsion exhibited smooth microspheres with high dispersity, and had good viscoelasticity and temperature and salt resistance. 数据和表 | 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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一种利用核磁共振氢谱表征植物油在头发内渗透性的方法 Method for characterizing plant oil permeability in hair by 1H NMR 梁新宇,徐志远,赵贵钧 2020 (4):  244-248.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-1803.2020.04.006 摘要 ( 792 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF(1115KB) ( 657 )   通过排除头发表面植物油的干扰,利用核磁共振氢谱（ 1H NMR）研究了3种植物油（椰子油、橄榄油和葵花籽油）在头发内部的渗透性,得到了一种植物油在头发上渗入,浸出以及核磁检测的新方法。结果表明,植物油渗入头发内部并产生明显核磁信号的最短时间约为30 min,一旦进入毛皮质,被溶剂浸出的时间也需要30 min以上。对比空白头发,植物油所特有的脂肪酸甘油三酯信号峰（δ=4.17~4.27,2.72~2.87）可以作为表征其渗透性的依据。根据特征峰的积分面积大小可以比较出3种植物油在头发中的渗透性强弱。 After excluded the interference of plant oil left on hair surface, the penetrating property of 3 types of plant oil （coconut oil, olive oil, and sunflower oil） was investigated through 1H NMR test. A new test method was achieved for the penetrating and leaching of plant oil from hair by 1H NMR analysis. The results show that the shortest time for plant oil to penetrate into the hair and generate a significant nuclear magnetic signal is about 30 min. Once it enters into hair cortex, it takes more than 30 min to be leached by the solvent. By compared with the blank hair, the signal peaks of triglyceride （δ=4.17~4.27,2.72~2.87） which is specific to plant oil can be used as the basis for characterizing their penetrating ability. Finally, the penetrating ability could be ranked according to the size of integral area of individual characteristic peak. 数据和表 | 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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川芎提取物美白双靶点活性研究 Study on the dual-target whitening activities of Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort. extracts 王勇恒,梁彦会,孙培冬 2020 (4):  249-254.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-1803.2020.04.007 摘要 ( 746 )   HTML ( 16 )   PDF(1420KB) ( 490 )   以DPPH自由基清除率和蘑菇酪氨酸酶抑制率为评价指标,对不同溶剂提取的川芎提取物、不同极性部位的活性进行筛选;在细胞水平上分别测定提取物对不同刺激物（α-MSH、Forskolin、IBMX）作用下的黑色素含量、细胞内酪氨酸酶活力的影响;DCFH-DA法测定提取物对UV刺激下细胞内ROS的清除作用。结果表明：川芎的50%乙醇水提取物兼具较高的抗氧化和蘑菇酪氨酸酶抑制作用;对三种刺激物作用下的黑色素含量和细胞内酪氨酸酶活性具有很好的抑制作用;能剂量依赖性地减少UV刺激下的ROS含量。川芎提取物以抑制细胞内酪氨酸酶活性、清除ROS双靶点的方式起到美白作用。 The activities of Ligusticum Chuangxiong Hort. （LH） extracted from different solvents and polar sections were investigated with DPPH free radical scavenging rate and mushroom tyrosinase inhibition rate as evaluation indicators. The effects of LH extracts on melanin contents and intracellular tyrosinase activity under various stimuli （α-MSH、Forskolin、IBMX）were detected in cells. The scavenging ability of LH extracts to intracellular ROS induced by UV was estimated by DCFH-DA. The results display that the 50% ethanol-water extracts of LH possess great antioxidant and mushroom tyrosinase inhibitory effects. The LH extracts can achieve good inhibitory effect on melanin contents and intracellular tyrosinase activity stimulated by three stimuli. The LH extracts eliminate ROS induced by UV in a dose-dependent manner. LH extracts has whitening efficacy by dual targets of inhibiting intracellular tyrosinase and scavenging ROS. 数据和表 | 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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女性早白发与生理性白发毛囊脂质多态性研究 Study on lipid polymorphism in hair follicles of early white hair and physiological white hair in women 马宇晨,王贺聪,李汇柯,何聪芬 2020 (4):  255-262.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-1803.2020.04.008 摘要 ( 507 )   HTML ( 8 )   PDF(989KB) ( 624 )   运用脂质组学方法,系统分析了早白发与生理性白发女性黑白发脂质成分差异以及女性白发毛囊脂质组成和年龄的关系,为不同年龄阶段女性白发的预防以及脂质添加的发用产品研发提供新思路。实验采用UPLC-QTOF-MS（超高效液相色谱-串联飞行时间质谱）结合OPLS-DA（正交偏最小二乘判别分析）模式对不同样本毛囊脂质进行差异性分析,发现早白发中,其黑发（Y-B）与白发（Y-W）中甘油二酯（DG）和磷脂酰丝氨酸（PS）含量差异显著,其中PS含量为Y-W高于Y-B,DG相反;在生理性白发中,其黑发（O-B）与白发（O-W）中PS差异最显著,其次为甘油三酯（TG）,且二者含量均为O-W高于O-B;在生理性白发（O-W）与早白发（Y-W）中,PS含量差异最显著,且O-W高于Y-W。结果显示,PS含量均为白发高于黑发,且生理性白发高于早白发,推测PS增加可能与白发产生相关;DG对早白发的影响更大,而TG对生理性白发的影响更大,这一点对于研发有针对性的脂质添加发用产品具有一定的借鉴意义。 The lipidomics method was used to systematically analyze the difference in lipid composition of black and white hair between early white hair and physiological white hair females, and the relationship between lipid composition and age of female white hair follicle. The aim of the study was to prevent female white hair in different age stages, and to provide new ideas of the research and development of lipid added hair product. UPLC-QTOF-MS combined with OPLS-DA （orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis） model was used to analyze the difference of hair follicle lipids in different samples. There were significant differences in the contents of glycerol diester （DG） and phosphatidylserine （PS） between black hair （Y-B） and white hair （Y-W）. The content of PS in Y-W was higher than that in Y-B, while that in DG was on the contrary. In physiological white hair, the difference of PS between black hair （O-B） and white hair （O-W） was the most significant, followed by triglyceride （TG）, and the content of O-W was higher than that of O-B. In physiological white hair （O-W） and early white hair （Y-W）, the difference of PS content was the most significant, and the content of O-W was higher than that of Y-W. The results showed that the content of PS in white hair was higher than that in black hair, and the content of physiological white hair was higher than that in early white hair. It was speculated that the increase of PS may be related to the occurrence of white hair; DG had a greater impact on early gray hair, while TG had a greater impact on physiological white hair, which had certain reference significance for the research and development of targeted lipid-added hair products. 数据和表 | 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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棕榈酰寡肽组合物延缓皮肤衰老的功效研究 Study on the anti-aging efficacy of the palmitoyl oligopeptide composition 周春霞,周利丹,卢伊娜 2020 (4):  263-268.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-1803.2020.04.009 摘要 ( 1315 )   HTML ( 30 )   PDF(1584KB) ( 604 )   以水解胶原蛋白、棕榈酰寡肽组成的肽类组合物—时光肽（Rejutime PTC）为研究对象,通过多种方法对其抵抗皮肤衰老的功效进行研究。结果显示,针对成纤维细胞（HDF-a）衰老模型,质量分数为0.125%~0.5%的PTC显著促进细胞增殖,并上调I型胶原蛋白（COL I）、III型胶原蛋白（COL III）和纤连蛋白的合成及分泌;针对角质形成细胞（NHEK）衰老模型,0.063%和0.25%的PTC处理细胞24~72 h可显著促进细胞增殖;对于真-表皮连接区（DEJ）的4种组成蛋白即层粘连蛋白-5、整合素β1、VII型胶原蛋白（COL VII）和IV型胶原蛋白（COL IV）,PTC质量分数为0.063%~1%能促进其合成及分泌。PTC作为一种新型化妆品添加剂,针对皮肤表皮层、DEJ、真皮层发挥延缓皮肤衰老的作用。 The anti-aging effect of Rejutime PTC, a peptide composition composed of hydrolyzed collagen and palmitoyl oligopeptide, was evaluated through different methods. The results show that PTC with a mass fraction of 0.125% to 0.5% could significantly promote cell proliferation and up-regulate the synthesis and secretion of type I, type III collagens and fibronectin after 24 to 72 h treatment on the aging model of fibroblasts （HDF-a）. On the NHEK keratinocytes aging model, 0.063% and 0.25% of PTC also significantly promote cell proliferation after treatment for 24 to 72 h. For the four constituent proteins of the dermal epidermal junction （DEJ）, namely laminin-5, integrin β1, type VII collagen and type IV collagen, PTC increase their synthesis and secretion at concentrations from 0.063% to 1%. PTC, as a new cosmetic additive, can play a role in delaying skin aging for skin epidermis, DEJ and dermis. 数据和表 | 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

专论与综述

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蛋白质基微粒在Pickering乳液制备中的应用研究 Study on the applications of protein-based particles in the preparation of Pickering emulsions 葛小会,田旭旺,黄承敢,陶兴东,吴敏,鲁鹏 2020 (4):  269-274.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-1803.2020.04.010 摘要 ( 557 )   HTML ( 18 )   PDF(791KB) ( 681 )   概述了蛋白质基微粒稳定的Pickering 乳液制备方法及应用。通过总结植物源和动物源蛋白质以及复合微粒稳定Pickering乳液的制备方法及应用,为蛋白质基微粒稳定的Pickering乳液在更多领域应用提供参考。最后,对蛋白质基微粒稳定的Pickering乳液的发展前景进行展望。 The preparation methods and applications of protein-based particle-stabilized Pickering emulsion were presented. By summarizing the preparation methods and applications of plant-derived, animal-derived proteins and composite particle-stabilized Pickering emulsions a reference for the application of protein-based particle-stabilized Pickering emulsions in more fields was provided. Finally, the development trend of protein-based particle-stabilized emulsions was proposed. 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

分析与检测

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QuEChERS-HPLC-MS/MS法测定4种化妆品基质中15种硝基咪唑类非法添加药物的基质效应研究 Research of matrix effect of 15 nitroimidazole drugs illegally added in 4 kinds of cosmetic matrices by QuEChERS-HPLC-MS/MS methods 陈岑,颜琳琦,程巧鸳 2020 (4):  275-281.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-1803.2020.04.011 摘要 ( 553 )   HTML ( 9 )   PDF(1186KB) ( 554 )   建立了QuEChERS-HPLC-MS/MS法测定4种化妆品基质中15种硝基咪唑类非法添加药物的方法,研究了在该方法下水剂、散粉、乳液和膏霜对15种硝基咪唑类药物的基质效应,并探讨了基质种类、基质质量浓度和药物质量浓度对基质效应的影响。结果表明：4种基质对15种硝基咪唑类药物均存在不同程度的基质效应,且多呈基质抑制效应,基质种类、基质质量浓度和药物质量浓度均会影响基质效应。因此,在日常检测化妆品中硝基咪唑类非法添加药物时要考虑基质效应对检测结果的影响。对于呈现弱基质效应的水剂和散粉类基质,可根据实际需求忽略其基质效应的影响;而对于基质效应明显的乳液和膏霜类基质,建议采用基质匹配标准曲线进行定量分析,以确保检测结果的准确性。 A QuEChERS coupled with high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry （HPLC-MS/MS） method was developed for the detection of 15 nitroimidazole drugs illegally added in 4 kinds of cosmetic matrices. The matrix effects of 15 nitroimidazole drugs in water aqua, powder, lotion and cream, together with the influences of matrix type, matrix mass concentration and drug mass concentration on the matrix effects were discussed. The result show that the 4 kinds of cosmetic have different degrees of matrix effects on 15 nitroimidazole drugs, and most of them are matrix inhibitory effects, which are impacted by matrix type, matrix mass concentration and drug mass concentration. Therefore, it’s crucial to take matrix effect into consideration during the detection of the nitroimidazoles illegally added in cosmetic products. For some matrices with weak matrix effects, such as water aqua and powder, the matrix effects can be ignored according to actual needs. For emulsions and cream substrates with significant matrix effects, it is recommended to use a matrix-matched standard curve for quantitative analysis to ensure the accuracy of the test results. 数据和表 | 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标

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卡尔·费休滴定法测定日用消费品中含水量及影响因素探讨 Determination of moisture content in consumer products by Karl Fischer titration and its interfering factors 沈正超,郑亚斌,高美平,聂磊,李国傲,杜振霞 2020 (4):  282-286.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-1803.2020.04.012 摘要 ( 547 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF(898KB) ( 577 )   作为国家的标准方法,卡尔·费休滴定法已广泛用于测试产品中的水分含量,其具有精度高、分析速度快和操作简便等优点。但此方法在测试复杂样品时,准确度受到诸多外界因素的干扰。用卡尔·费休滴定容量法测定了8类,共计85个日用消费品中的含水量,探讨了样品中离子的干扰、含水量过高、电极表面污染等因素对测定结果的影响及解决方法,旨在为测定日用消费品中含水量提供一套较为准确合理的测试方法。 As a standard method in China, Karl Fischer titration has been widely used to determine moisture content in products, which has the advantages of high accuracy, rapid and convenient operation. But the accuracy of this method is affected by many external factors when complex samples are determined. The Karl Fischer titration volumetric method was applied to the determination of moisture content in 8 categories of 85 consumer products. The influence of various factors, such as ionic interference in the sample, excessive water content of samples, surface contamination of electrodes and so on during the process of water determination were analyzed, and then discussed the corresponding solutions. The purpose is to provide a more accurate and reasonable water content test method for consumer products. 数据和表 | 参考文献 | 相关文章 | 计量指标